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chemical safety.ppt
- 2. Lubricants Oil, grease Paints Solvents Coolers Fuels Diesel Gasoline Aviation fuel Others… Cleaning products Chlorine Acids 2
- 3. Following the type of product: In tank In barrels In bottles 3
- 4. Hazard Communication involves the communication of hazards about chemicals to employees, also known as the “Right To Know”. HazCom program that each affected employee should be familiarized with. It is the responsibility of the employer, as well as your own to handle chemicals safely, understand chemical labels, and understand the MSDS.
- 5. As part of the “Right To Know” program, the following will be looked at: 5 Elements of Your RTK Program Your RTK Program Chemical Inventory MSDS Labeling Written Policies Training & Safety Awareness
- 6. All supervisors are familiar with policies and rules and provide for the health and safety of those supervised. They are in a key position in the organizational structure to carry out the department's safety policies and to prevent injuries to their employees. Ensure that required safety equipment, devices and personal protective equipment and apparel are provided and maintained, and are properly used by individuals working in their operations. Provide employees and students with instruction and assistance in the proper operation of equipment or materials involved in any operation which may be potentially hazardous. Provide for health and safety training. Take prompt corrective action when unsafe conditions, practices or equipment are reported or observed. Encourage reporting of concerns. Promptly conduct a thorough investigation in all work-related injuries, illnesses and accidents, submit appropriate recommendations on all accident reports, including the Employer's Reports of Occupational Injury or Illness (page 4.19) or the Incident Report (page 8.05), as appropriate, and follow through to ensure corrective measures have been implemented. Coordinate or conduct inspections to maintain safe and healthful conditions, and address any deficiencies that are identified. 6
- 7. Comply with applicable environmental health and safety policies, standards, rules, regulations and procedures. These include safety-related signs, posters, warnings and written/oral directions when performing tasks. Do not perform any function or operation which is considered hazardous, or is known to be hazardous without proper instructions and authorization. Only use equipment and materials approved or provided by the supervisor or instructor and for which instruction has been provided by this or other experience. Become thoroughly knowledgeable about potential hazards associated with the work area; knowing where information on these hazards is maintained and how to use this information when needed. Wear or use prescribed protective equipment. Report all unsafe conditions, practices, or equipment to the supervisor, instructor or safety officer whenever deficiencies are observed. Inform the supervisor or instructor immediately of all work-related injuries or accidents and obtain prompt medical attention when necessary. Provide information necessary for the supervisor or safety officer to adequately and thoroughly complete the Employer's Report of Occupational Injury and Illness and any other associated accident/illness reports
- 8. Liquid Solid Gas Vapor
- 9. The Three Forms of Chemicals All chemicals exists in one of three forms: Solid Liquid Gas
- 10. Hazardous Chemicals - Dusts Some chemicals are solids in the form of powders or dust. Dust can be released into the air by cutting, drilling, grinding or sanding. Dust can also be stirred up by dry sweeping and inhaled.
- 11. Hazardous Chemicals - Dust Dust in the air can settle out on work surfaces, cups, plates, utensils, and food. The settled dust can be swallowed with food or drinks. If the dust is hazardous, it can cause health problems.
- 12. Solids – Fumes and Fibers Fumes are extremely small droplets of metal formed when the metal has been vaporized by high temperatures (usually welding) Some solids are fibers which can be similar to dusts but they have an elongated shape (like asbestos or fiberglass)
- 13. Hazardous Chemicals - Liquids Liquid chemicals in direct contact with the skin can cause skin problems. Some liquids can be absorbed into the body through the skin. Liquids can be sprayed and form mists or evaporate and form vapors which can be inhaled.
- 14. Liquids (Mists) Mists can also be inhaled. Mists can settle on the skin and be absorbed into the body. Airborne mists can also settle out and contaminate food or drink.
- 15. Gases and Vapors Gases are chemicals that are in the gas phase at room temperature. Vapors evaporate from substances that are liquids or solids at room temperature. Gases and vapors enter the body by inhalation.
- 16. Flammable - catches fire easily and burns rapidly Combustible - will burn under most conditions Explosive - will explode / detonate releasing hot gases Oxidizer - yields oxygen to enhance combustion, may cause ignition of combustibles with no external source Organic peroxide - uniquely hazardous, potentially explosive Unstable - tends to decompose during normal handling and storage Water reactive - reacts with water to release flammable gas, causes fire or presents a health hazard
- 17. Carcinogen - cause cancer or suspected to cause cancer Toxic Agent - poisonous / cause acute or chronic effects Reproductive toxin (teratogen) - could have harmful effect on male or female reproductive system or on developing fetus Irritant - can cause inflammation of skin or eyes Corrosive - cause irreversible damage to living tissue Sensitizer - cause exposed person to develop allergies to the substance Target organ-specific agents - hazardous to specific organs in body (e.g., lungs, liver, blood, kidneys, nervous system)
- 18. Inhalation / breathing - most common route, gases / vapors can pass to blood, solid particles inhaled into lungs Absorption through the skin - many solids, liquids, vapors and gases can be absorbed through the skin Ingestion / swallowing - while not intentional, failure to wash hands, eating in contaminated lab, etc. Injection - accidents handling glass, sharps, etc. Eye Contact - either physical damage or absorption The route of entry dictates selection of protective equipment
- 19. Chemicals which produce liver damage Signs and Symptoms: Jaundice, liver enlargement Chemicals: Carbon Tetrachloride, nitrosamines
- 20. Chemicals which produce kidney damage Signs and Symptoms: Edema Chemicals: Halogenated Hydrocarbons, uranium
- 21. Chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system Signs and Symptoms: Narcosis, behavioral changes, decreased motor function Chemicals: Mercury, carbon disulfide, lead
- 22. Decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen Signs and Symptoms: Cyanosis, loss of consciousness Chemicals: Carbon monoxide, cyanides
- 23. Chemicals which damage pulmonary tissue Signs and Symptoms: Cough, tightness in the chest, loss of breath Chemicals: Asbestos, silica
- 24. Chemicals which damage reproductive capabilities Includes chromosomal damage (mutations) and damage to fetuses (teratogenesis) Signs and Symptoms: Birth defects, sterility Chemicals: Lead
- 25. Chemicals which effect the dermal layer of the body Signs and Symptoms: Defatting of the skin, rashes, irritation Chemicals: Ketones, chlorinated compounds
- 26. Chemicals which affect the eye or visual capacity Signs and symptoms: Conjunctivitis, corneal damage, blurred vision, burning or irritation Chemicals: Solvents, corrosives
- 27. Dose - Amount of chemical absorbed depends upon chemical strength / concentration, exposure duration, frequency of exposure ◦ In general, the greater the dose, the more severe the health effects Acute effects - occurs rapidly following brief exposure (e.g., acid burn) Chronic effect - develops/recurs slowly, over long period following repeated, long-term, low-level exposure (e.g., Benzedrine linked to bladder cancer) Individual variability - not all people exhibit the same signs and symptoms (especially to chronic effects)
- 28. SKIN INHALATION INGESTION Primary Damage to Skin Get absorbed in Blood Primary Damage to Respiratory system Primary Damage to digestion tract Get absorbed in Blood Deposition on lungs causing damage Get absorbed in Blood Through blood circulation to all organs and cause damage
- 29. Flush immediately with water at the eye wash for at least 15 minutes Notify Mr. Langley Avoid problem by letting prints drip instead of shaking
- 30. Wash affected skin with soap and water Change clothing/shoes if necessary
- 31. Ventilation system Move to fresh air if affected Hold chemicals at arms’ length when mixing to avoid inhaling If you have asthma, stay out of darkroom when chemicals are being mixed.
- 32. No food or drinks in the darkroom! First action – call Poison Control If someone ingests developer, fixer, photo flo – induce vomiting If someone ingests stop bath – do not induce vomiting If someone ingests the water bath – do not induce vomiting
- 33. Eye discomfort Breathing difficulty Dizziness Headache Nausea Vomiting Skin irritation Reproductive damage Death
- 34. Flammables and oxidizers Flammables and any ignition source Acids and cyanides Strong acids and strong alkalines Concentrated acids and water Organic solvents and corrosives Corrosives and other reactive materials
- 35. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Department of Transportation (DOT)
- 36. Analyze risks and precautions for important hazardous chemicals ◦ Flammables ◦ Toxics ◦ Corrosives ◦ Compressed Gasses
- 37. Risk ◦ Chemicals can ignite to produce laboratory fire Prevention Techniques Keep containers closed when not in use Keep away from ignition sources Avoid contact with incompatible materials Only transfer to approved containers Bond all receiving containers Clean up spills and dispose of waste properly
- 38. Three necessary components Eliminate one leg and fire will be extinguished
- 39. Only have flammables necessary for flammables in lab Store excess flammables in cabinet Close all bottles not in use
- 40. Typically oxygen in air Reducing air contact kills fires ◦ Fire blankets deprive fires of oxygen ◦ Shut sash on fume hood fires
- 41. Ignition sources ◦ Open flame ◦ Static Electricity ◦ Sparks ◦ Hot plate Pouring water cools fire
- 42. Manipulate flammables in fume hoods ◦ Reduce vapor concentration ◦ Controls ignition sources ◦ Easier to handle fires
- 43. Store excess chemicals in flammable cabinet Use approved refrigerator for cold flammables No more than 10 L outside of cabinet No more than 60 L in the entire lab
- 44. Small spill ◦ Alert coworkers ◦ Contain the spill ◦ Prevent vapor emission ◦ Remove ignition sources ◦ Use non-flammable adsorbent material Large spill ◦ Alert coworkers ◦ Remove ignition sources ◦ Evacuate room ◦ Call for assistance
- 45. Risk ◦ Toxic chemicals react with tissue to produce serious or deadly effects Prevention Techniques ◦ Reduce amounts of toxic chemicals in laboratory ◦ Hand chemicals in fume hood ◦ Wear appropriate protection ◦ Properly handle spills
- 46. All chemicals are toxic, dose is important “All things are poison, and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous” ◦ Paracelsus
- 47. Time horizons ◦ Acute toxins produce reactions immediately (within 14 days) on contact with tissue ◦ Chronic toxins have delayed response often manifested in months or years Effect depends on exposure Genetics
- 48. Dose has three components ◦ Relative toxicity ◦ Concentration ◦ Exposure time
- 49. Usually animal studies with different routes of exposure Often measured in concentration needed to kill 50% of population on a per mass basis ◦ LD50, LC50
- 50. Substance LD50 Sucrose 29,700 mg/kg Grain Alcohol 7,060 mg/kg Methanol 7,300 mg/kg Trizol 317 mg/kg Carbon Tetrachloride 429 mg/kg
- 51. Follow prudent practices for prevention of chemical contact ◦ Wear appropriate gloves, eye protection and clothing ◦ Use fume hood or glove box to reduce concentration and as a secondary barrier ◦ Decontaminate before doing non-laboratory activities ◦ Minimize exposure time to chemical ◦ Store according to chemical nature
- 52. For highly toxic chemicals do not attempt to clean up any volume ◦ Notify coworkers ◦ Evacuate room and close doors ◦ Call 911 or 999 Give information on location, amount, chemical nature ◦ Wait for emergency responders
- 53. Risk ◦ Corrosive chemicals react with tissue ◦ Corrosive chemicals react with metals Prevention Techniques ◦ Handle corrosives in fume hood ◦ Wear appropriate protection ◦ Neutralize spills
- 54. Acids with pH <2 ◦ H2SO4 ◦ HCl ◦ Acetic Acid Bases with pH > 12.5 ◦ NaOH ◦ KOH
- 55. React with skin to cause burns and permanent tissue damage ◦ Acids (not H2SO4) react to form protein barrier ◦ Bases do not form protein barrier and can penetrate deep into the tissue Corrosives can cause irreversible damage to eyes
- 56. PVC and nitrile gloves often provide appropriate protection Use splash goggles Use face shield if splashing is possible
- 57. Corrosive + Flammable = Fire Nitric Acid + Organic Solvent Corrosive + Toxin = Toxic gas Corrosive + Metal = Hydrogen gas Corrosive + Water = Violent
- 58. Have appropriate spill clean up for corrosives in laboratory Sodium bicarbonate is effective at neutralizing acids and bases
- 59. Wear correct safety attire Notify coworkers of spill Contain spill to prevent spreading Use suitable neutralizers to balance pH Clean up the spill and properly dispose of contaminated materials
- 60. Acids and bases can be stored in same cabinet if secondary storage like plastic bins are used
- 62. Risk ◦ Compressed gasses can act as missiles ◦ Compressed gasses can be flammable, toxic, or other wise hazardous ◦ Compressed gasses can displace air Prevention Techniques ◦ Properly store gasses ◦ Use correct regulator ◦ Use proper moving techniques
- 63. Gasses can have enough kinetic energy to travel through concrete walls
- 64. Valve cover must be on when not using gas Cylinders must be upright and firmly attached
- 65. Do not move a cylinder more than a foot without a cart Firmly secured No never move cylinder without having a valve cap
- 66. All cylinders must be secured even if they are empty Separate accordingly to hazard class ◦ Flammable ◦ Oxidizer ◦ Toxic
- 67. Must use correct regulator ◦ Dunning Hall Regulator must be closed when not using tank
- 68. Always wear PPE: ◦ Good lab practice Eye protection for workers Wear enclosed goggles or face shield over safety glasses if chance of splashing or shattering ◦ Shoes, lab coat, long pants (gives protection from falling objects and spills/splatters) ◦ Plastic/rubber apron for caustics/corrosives ◦ Correct gloves for chemical ◦ Never reach into liquids, use tongs for retrieval
- 69. Safety glasses, goggles and face shields Gloves Respirators and dust masks Head protection Foot protection Aprons or full body suits
- 75. Eyewash andSafety Shower EYEWASH SAFETY SHOWER
- 76. Safety Goggles, Lab Apron andProtective Gloves SAFETY GOGGLE S LAB APRON PROTECTI VE GLOVES
- 77. Identity of the hazardous chemical Appropriate hazard warnings Name and address of the manufacturer or importer Target organ effects
- 78. What is on the product label? • The manufacturer, • The name of the product, • a hazard warning, • a list of hazardous ingredients
- 79. Identity of the hazardous chemical Hazard warning information
- 80. Labeling and Marking Systems - DOT Labels
- 82. What is a material safety data sheet? Material safety data sheets or “MSDSs” are information sheets on products that: • tells what chemicals are in the product, • what the hazards of the chemicals are, • how to protect yourself from the hazards.
- 83. MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet MSDS contains following information : Section 1 - Chemical Product & Company Identification Section 2 - Composition / Information on Ingredients Section 3 - Hazards Identification Section 4 - First Aid Measures Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures Section 7 - Handling & Storage Section 8 - Exposure Controls / Personal Protection Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity Section 11 - Toxicological Information Section 12 - Ecological Information (or Disposal Consideration) Section 13 - Disposal Consideration (or Transport Information) Section 14 - Transport Information (or Regulatory Information) Section 15 - Regulatory Information (or Documentary Information) Section 16 - Other Information (or Disclaimer of Warranties)
- 84. Material Safety Data Sheet
- 85. Names of hazardous chemicals in a product, Physical and chemical properties of the product, Physical hazards of working with the product, Health hazards of working with the product (including signs and symptoms of overexposures), MSDSs – what information do they have? Acetone Flammable & highly volatile Burns Headaches, eye irritation
- 86. Material safety data sheets (continued) The main way the chemical enters the body, The legal limit allowed in the air If the chemical is a carcinogen Precautions for safe use of the hazardous chemical, Inhalation 750 ppm No Use with adequate ventilation, keep away from open flame
- 87. Material safety data sheets (continued) Exposure control methods, including personal protective equipment, Emergency and first aid procedures, The date the MSDS was prepared or revised, Name, address and phone number of the person responsible for the information in the MSDS. Wear respirator, rubber gloves Eyes: flush with water for 15 minutes 1996 John Doe 1234 Maple St. Anywhere, USA
- 88. Dry Chemical Storage ◦ Keep organic and inorganic separated Liquid Chemical Storage ◦ Determine major storage groups (acid, base, etc.) ◦ Designate separate storage for highly toxic chemicals ◦ Store only cleaning materials under sink
- 89. Fires are often caused by damaged electrical equipment and the misuse of such equipment. check all equipment for damaged and worn insulation on wiring connect ground wires to clean metal keep wires and other electrical equipment away from water & hot surfaces avoid use of extension cords,(designed for temporary use only) avoid homemade/makeshift wiring (use approved wiring methods) never touch a switch/outlet with wet hands do not use electrical equipment in a flammable atmosphere (I.e. electrical plug strip in a fume hood)
- 90. Buy Less, Use Less, Store Less! keep volatile chemical containers capped. store chemicals in vented cabinet, don’t use fume hood for storage keep waste solvent containers capped when not using substitute less hazardous chemicals avoid mercury, EHS exchanges thermometers redistribute surplus chemicals through EHS Provide secondary containment for 55 gallon drums of potentially polluting materials that are located in areas where they could leak into a drain or escape to the environment.
- 91. Ensure that storage areas meet regulatory requirements Replace all bung caps with drum vents after receiving containers Ground all drums properly Store quantities in approved storage rooms and cabinets Store only in small quantities
- 92. Segregate incompatible chemicals. Do not store chemicals Alphabetically. Purchase the minimum amount required. Date bottles of chemicals when they are opened. Test peroxidizable chemicals periodically. Store large bottles on the lowest shelves.
- 93. Provide physical segregation (sills, curbs, trays) or separation between hazard classes. Keep flammable materials in safety cabinets or safety cans. Store acids and caustics below eye level. Shelves should have lips to prevent bottles from falling.
- 94. No chemicals should be stored on the floor. Flammable liquids requiring refrigerated storage must be stored only in explosion- proof refrigerators. Store oxidizers separate from oxidizable compounds. Perchloric acid must be stored where it cannot contact organic materials.
- 95. Store highly toxic chemicals in unbreakable containers labeled with description of the contents. Store cyanides in closed cabinets. Store pyrophoric materials separate from flammable materials, in dry, inert atmosphere (glove box).
- 96. Use a hand-held rubber safety bottle carrier for liquids and hazardous solids in glass containers. Never pick up a bottle by the cap or lid. Wear eye protection when transporting chemicals.
- 97. Plan to transport the extremely hazardous chemicals during times of reduced traffic in the halls. Place bottles of extremely toxic or carcinogenic chemicals in an unbreakable outer container before transport. Extremely hazardous materials should be sent in an empty elevator to a second person waiting at the desired floor.
- 98. Never eat, drink, or smoke while using hazardous chemicals Use personal protective equipment as required Make sure all chemical containers are properly labeled Always wash up after using chemicals
- 99. Never smell or taste a chemical to identify it Know all emergency procedures and equipment Always read labels’ MSDSs prior to use Store all hazardous chemicals properly Always use hazardous chemicals as intended
- 100. Know emergency phone numbers Know how to control the spill Know proper equipment shutdown procedure Know proper evacuation routes and assembly areas
- 101. Emergency cleanup and disposal measures Required protective equipment Use of cleanup equipment Firefighting and other emergency measures (i.e., first aid) Use of other emergency equipment
- 102. You can protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by: Knowing what is in the product your work with, Maintaining machinery and equipment to prevent leaks or releases, Using the smallest amount of a chemical to do the job,
- 103. Protect yourself from hazardous chemicals by: Using available ventilation to reduce amounts of chemicals in the air, Wearing necessary personal protective equipment. Keeping lids, doors or covers closed on chemical processes,
- 104. NEVER ◦ Eat, drink or smoke when working with hazardous chemicals ◦ Wash or store your PPE with family clothing ALWAYS ◦ Wash hands, arms and face with soap and water after use ◦ Check your PPE for damage ◦ Perform self examinations
- 105. Foul odor Metallic taste Foreign particles in nose Rashes, burns, watery eyes, irritated throat, headache or dizziness
- 106. Don’t rub the eyes Hold eyelids open and flush with water for 15 minutes Be careful not to contaminate the other eye Seek additional medical attention
- 107. Flush area with lukewarm water for 15 minutes Remove clothing and jewelry from burn area Seek additional medical attention
- 108. Move victim to fresh air Get immediate help
- 109. Induce vomiting only if told to do so by Poison Control Get immediate medical attention
- 110. Warn others Turn off machines and evacuate Stay upwind Don’t attempt to rescue unless trained
- 111. Have the appropriate material available to intervene Contain the spill - confine (ditch, dike) - absorb or pump the material spilled - transfer the material into a container - transport the polluted material to a storage area - store the material on a containment 6
- 112. Before any handling or intervention on a spill : Read the MSDS related to the product in order to know the exact nature of the pollutant and the precautions to be taken Wear the PPE and more specific protection equipment if necessary Minimize the risks for yourself and for the others Ask the HSE supervisor in case of any doubt 7
- 113. Risks of working with chemicals Ways chemicals enter your body Read all labels Read all Material Safety Data Sheets Wear the proper personal protective equipment Be prepared to respond to chemical exposures
- 114. 1.Two primary routes of exposure to hazardous chemicals are ___________________ and ___________________. 2. Gas, liquids, and aerosols are the three states of hazardous materials. True or False 3. The Department of Transportation does not regulate hazardous chemicals.True or False 4. Two dangerous incompatible materials are __________________________________ and cyanides. 11006115 Copyright Business and Legal Reports, Inc.
- 115. 5. Flammables and oxidizers should never be stored together. True or False 6. Secondary container labels should include ______________________________________ and hazard warning information. 7. Three symptoms of overexposure to hazardous chemicals are ____________, ____________, and ____________. 8. Carcinogens are chemicals that cause birth defects in unborn children. True or False 11006115 Copyright Business and Legal Reports, Inc.
- 116. 9. Flammables should always be used away from sources of ________________________________. 10. If a chemical has been used by a company before, the containers do not have to be labeled. True or False 11006115 Copyright Business and Legal Reports, Inc.
- 117. 1. The primary routes of exposure to hazardous chemicals are inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection. 2. False. Liquids, solids, gases, and vapors are the four states of hazardous materials. 3. False. The Department of Transportation does regulate hazardous chemicals. 4. Two dangerous incompatible materials are acids and cyanides. 5. True. Flammables and oxidizers are incompatible and should never be stored together. 11006115 Copyright Business and Legal Reports, Inc.
- 118. 6. Secondary container labels should include the identity of the material and hazard warning information. 7. Three symptoms of overexposure to hazardous chemicals are eye discomfort, breathing difficulty, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting and skin irritation. 8. False. Carcinogens are chemicals that can cause cancer. 9. Flammables should always be used away from sources of ignition. 10. False. Even if a chemical has been used before, it must always be labeled if it is hazardous. 11006115 Copyright Business and Legal Reports, Inc.