Mood in English Grammar

1. Chapter 4

2. Indicative Mood Imperative Mood
the grammatical expression of the speaker's purported
attitude toward what he or she is saying
Interrogative Mood Exclamatory Mood Subjunctive
Mood in English
The bird flies away Take him to me Who are
you?
Watch
out!
I wish I were a better person

3. marked by the absence of subject,
tense, person and number suffixes
request
invitation
suggestions
orders

4. V: Quit
VC: Stay awake
VOA: Put the money in the bag
Voices: Active and Passive
Tense:
Present
Can be toned down
by:
• markers of politeness (Please)
• changing the command into a question or a statement

5. Add initial
'Don't'
Two possibilities

6. Omitted subject - the 2nd person pronoun 'You'
Subject of a following tag
question
Object 'yourself' as a reflexive
pronoun
Usage
express strong
irritation
single out two or more distinct
addressees
You get out of
here!
You head North, and I head
South
Somebody help me!
A 3rd person subject is also possible

7. The 1st person & The 3rd person subjects
preposing the verb
'let'
followed by a subject
Let her go
Let me help you
Let somebody do all the hard work
Let each person try this shoes

8. Subject & Vocative noun phrase
Tom comes to our house
Subject
Always precedes
the verb
Vocative
can occur in final,
medial, initial positions
Tom, Come to our house
Come, Tom, to our house
Come to our house, Tom

9. Do take a sit
Do come closer
Do let's take a look

10. your purported attitude is favourable
about the future situation encoded in
the sentence
hypothetical situation
wish
demand
suggestion

11. has only one form => lack of the regular indicative concord
Can be used with any verb in subordinate 'that' clause
That - clause
to - infinitive
should - infinitive
formal style
recommendation, resolution,
demand, etc.
less formal
It is suggested that he drink this medicine
It is suggested that he should drink this medicine
It is suggested for him to drink this medicine

12. also consists of the base verb
only used in clauses in certain set expression which have to be learned as wholes
God save the Queen!
Heaven forbid that...
Be that as it may...

13. hypothetical in meaning
used in conditional and concessive clause in subordinate clauses after optative verbs like 'wish'
If he was/were here right now...
He acted as if he was/were the culprit
I wish I were/was a better person
In 'As it were' / 'If I were you' only 'were' is acceptable

14. • also consists of the base
verb
• only used in clauses in
certain set expression
which have to be learned
as wholes
• Use the base form of the
verb with all subjects
• talk about a present or
future hypothetical
Mandative
Subjunctive
• use past simple form or
'were' with all subjects
• talk about things we wish
were true or had
happened in the past
Subjunctive
'were'
Formulaic
Subjunctive

15. Had he listened to me, things
wouldn't go that bad
If he had listened to me,
things wouldn't go that bad
If I had more time, I
would come and see you.
If I have more time, I will come and see you
If Hamilton were alive