2. also called cement base or lining, used underneath the filling
material to act as a barrier against thermal, electrical and chemical
stimuli also against irritant fillings. Cements are widely used in
dentistry for a variety of applications.
3. Ideal requirement of dental cement
1- It should be non-toxic, and non-irritant to pulp and tissue.
2- It should be insoluble in saliva and liquid.
3- Mechanical properties must meet the requirements for their
particular application.
4- Protection of the pulp:
5- Radio-opaque.
6- Cements should be adhesive to tooth structures and restorations,
but not to dental instruments.
7- Should be bacteriostatic.
8- Should have soothing effect on the pulp.
9- The luting cement should have low viscosity to give a low film
thickness.
11. 2014
1. Biological Characteristics
• Pulp irritant -- fresh mix is highly acidic (pH 1-2)
-- Ca(OH)2 liner is needed in deep cavities
-- becomes neutral in 48 hrs
•
Material’sproperties
2. Mechanical Characteritics
-- withstand amalgam’s condensation forces (cavity bases)
--Ultimate compressive strength for luting agent reach about 80 MPa, for lining material
140 MPa; so it can withstand the force applied during amalgam condensation.
•Radio-opaque; due to high amount of unreacted zinc oxide.
•Low solubility
•Good thermal insulator
12. Mixing
P/L ratio is according to
manufacturer instruction.
on thick, cool glass slab
using stainless steel spatula
powder is added to the
liquid in small increments
Mixing over a wide area
• Thin mix for
cementation(luting)
• Thick mix for cavity
base /temp. filling
13. Silicophosphate cement
Liquid: phosphoric acid
Powder :mixture of zinc oxide and aluminosilicate glass.
the set material is more soluble than zinc phosphate cement , but
more translucent cement so can be used under porcelain
restoration.
-it contains sufficient amount of fluoride ion has a significant
anticariogenic influence on the surrounding tooth substance.
Uses : luting cement and temporary
14. Copper cement
Powder: is a mixture of zinc oxide and copper oxide.
Liquid :phosphoric acid.
-has a bacteriocidal effect produced by the presence of
copper. has black appearance.
-used in deciduous teeth.
15.
16. 1.Zinc oxide eugenol
According to ADA specification, there are four types of ZOE:
Type I: temporary cementation.
Type II: permanent cementation.
Type III: temporary filling.
Type IV: cavity liner (base).
18. The zinc oxide is slowly wetted by the eugenol; therefore,
prolonged and vigorous spatulation is required, especially
for a thick mix. A powder/liquid ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 must be
used for maximum strength.
Manipulation
19. Properties
It is the material of choice as temporary filling.
compressive strength 20 MPa so not used under
amalgam, the reinforced material has a higher
strength 40MPa so can be used under amalgam.
20. can be used in deep cavity without subliner (not irritant
to the pulp).
higher solubility so not used as a luting agent.
free eugenol has an effect on resin based filling material
,interfere with polymerization and setting time , cause
discoloration so not used as a lining with these types of
filling.
Setting time 4-10 minutes (zinc oxide eugenol
cement sets quickly in the mouth due to
moisture and heat).
21. Reinforced ZOE
Used as the intermediate restorative materials
(IRMTM)
Add 10-40% resin polymer in the powder for
strengthening the set cement
Compressive strength 35-55 MPa
22. Ortho-ethoxy benzoic acid
(EBA) .
Non eugenols Zinc Oxide
cement
Suitable for patients sensitive
to eugenol. Eugenol acts as
an inhibitor for free radical
polymerized materials.
Properties are better than un
modified ZOE
24. Applications
1- Direct and indirect pulp capping.
2- As bases beneath composite restoration for pulp
protection.
3- Apexification procedure in young permanent teeth
where root formation is incomplete.
27. Working and setting time depending on the
availability of moisture. In the mouth, setting is
rapid. It can be used under resin based filling
material.
Low compressive and tensile strength.
High solubility. So cannot used as a luting
agent.
Properties OF Ca(OH)2
28. Effect on pulp: The cement is alkaline in nature. The
high pH is due to the presence of free Ca(OH2) in the
set cement. The pH ranges from (9.2 to 11.7).
Formation of secondary dentin: activate enzyme
such as alkaline phosphates which is responsible for
mineralization
29. MANIPULATION
Equal length of the two pastes are dispensed on a
paper and mixed to a uniform color, then use dycal
applicator (a ball ended instrument) to carry the mixed
material and apply to deep area of the cavity
31. Applications
1- Primary for luting permanent
restorations.
2- As liners and bases.
3- Used in cementation of
orthodontic bands.
32.
33. ZINC POLYCARBOXYLATE
The mixed cement should be used only till appears glossy on the
surface. Once the surface becomes dull, the cement develops
stringiness and the film thickness becomes too great to seat a
casting completely.
34.
35. Properties
Compressive strengthslightly higher than ZnPO4
Higher solubility than zinc phosphate and glass
ionomer cements but used widely as a luting
agent.
The acidic effect (irritant) of polycarboxylate
cements on pulp is less than that of zinc phosphate,
due to:
1-Polyacrylic acid is weaker than phosphoric acid.
2-Polyacrylic acid has a large molecules and lack
mobility to penetrate dentinal tubules.
But it is not used in deep cavity without sub liner.
37. GLASS IONOMER
CEMENT
They are adhesive teeth colored
anticariogenic cements. It was named
glass ionomer because, the powder is
glass and the setting reaction and
adhesive bonding to tooth structure is
due to ionic bond.
38. Application
1-cement base.
2-luting agent for crown and
bridge.
3-bonding of ortho bands.
4-restoration of deciduous
teeth.
5-small carious lesion in
non-stress bearing
restorations in permanent
teeth
40. Properties
Compressive strength 60 MPa for lining materials and
higher for filling material to 220 MPa.
Low solubility.
Adhere well to the tooth structure (the free carboxyl
group bonds to the hydroxyapetite crystals of enamel and
dentin) giving initial adhesion.
41. Properties
High acidity of freshly mix; but PH increased gradually.
Leaching of fluoride give potentially carcinostatic
effects.
Translucent due to the presence of un-reacted glass.
46. Temporary Fillings materials
These are inserted as a temporary measure only, and can not used as permanent
fillings as they are too soft and soluble and would not remain intact for long
periods.
Indication of Temporary Fillings
For permanent fillings requiring more than one visit, e.g. between
visit of root canal treatment or inlays and onlay.
After pulp capping in case of traumatic exposure, to give time for
pulp healing process.
Restoration of primary teeth.
47. Requirements
• Should have good sealing and sedative ability
.
• Reasonable strength, abrasion resistance
• Reasonable setting time and has low flow
after setting.
• Easy to remove from the cavity.
• Radio-opaque.
48. 1.Zinc oxide eugenol
It has sedative effect on the tooth, reasonable sealing of the
cavity; but it has low strength, low abrasive resistance and
low flow after setting. Placement of ZOE t.f. should not be
more than few days; maximum few weeks.
The strength and abrasive resistance could be improved by
adding 20-40 wt% of fine polymer particles and treating the
surface of zinc oxide particles with carboxylic acid
(reinforced ZOE type).
Sufficient powder should be added to the liquid to achieve
putty consistency (mixing is according to manipulation's
instructions).
49. 2.Zinc phosphate cement
Higher strength and abrasive resistance than Zinc oxide
eugenol, with relatively low solubility in oral fluids.
It is irritant in the deep cavities.
Higher P/L ratio is required for low acidity & high
strength.
Reinforced zinc phosphate is more durable and could be used when longer
time for t.f. is required.
50. 3.Zinc silico phosphate cement
Powder: zinc oxide powder and silicate glass.
Liquid : phosphoric acid.
* Used as t.f. because of flouride presence in its
composition.
Higher strength than Zinc phosphate and more
translucent than zinc phosphate
Used when longer time for T filling is required.
