2. ELEC 230 (2+1):BIOPESTICIDES AND
BIO FERTILIZERS
Course In-Charge
Mr.S.Srinivasnaik
Assistant Professor
Department of Entomology
Lecture No.16
CONSTRAINTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
4. HYGIENE
Strict hygiene should be maintained in different facilities. The
equipments used should be either heat sterilized or sterilized
using steam or chemicals. The work place should be thoroughly
disinfected with sodium hypo chlorite solution
5. SKILL
The staff should be technically skilled and able to identify the
cross contamination and should be known possible ways to get rid
off
6. IDENTIFICATION
The identification of the entomopathogen is important in order to
maintain its purity and further development of formulation. The
identification should be carried out morphologically and
molecularly
7. HOST CULTURE
In production units, keep the host culture in a separate room
and the entomopathogen (virus, fungi, bacteria, nematode etc.)
production and storage facility should be located in a different
facility.
In the NPV production units, inspite of best care, 100% larvae
are not infected, the larvae which do not turn inactive after 4 - 5
days and keep consuming the normal diet should be culled out
regularly from the NPV production unit.
The host culture should be initiated from a batch of healthy
adults
8. SUSTAINED PRODUCTION
Utmost care should be taken to prevent the break in the chain of
the production system. This could be achieved only if highly
dedicated and disciplined workers are engaged for such
production units
9. MICROBIAL INFECTION
Microbial infection could be avoided if good insect husbandry
practices are followed. If infection is detected, the culture or
infected part should be destroyed immediately. Besides hygienic
conditions, optimum temperature (24o C- 26o C) and humidity (65 -
70%) should also be maintained
10. QUALITY
Quality of the entomopathogen should be monitored periodically in
terms of infective propagule count, bioassay, shelf life,
pathogenic/non-pathogenic microbial count in the formulated
product. In order to keep the sustainability of the biopesticide
production
11. SPRAYING OPERATIONS
The spraying of the entomopathogens should be carried out in
congenial time (Morning/Evening) adding spreaders and UV
protectants to enhance efficacy of the entomopathogen
12. CONTAMINATIONS
The vertical transmission is the unique feature of the
entomopathogenic protozoa which causes diseases in the host
culture. Regular monitoring and disinfection of the host culture in
important to maintain the purity of the respective
entomopathogen.
13. AWARENESS
Most of the farmers are not aware of biopesticides and their utility.
Make the farmers to know about the biopesticides through trainings,
workshops and method demonstrations
14. PROMOTION
Till date the pesticide dealers are only suggesting the synthetic
insecticides. In order avoid the ill effects of the synthetics promote
the biopesticides with prior identification of the pest
15. AVAILABILITY
Lack of availability is one of the main reason for not
recommending the biopesticides. Encouraging the entrepreneurs
or private industries with technical know how to take up the
biopesticide production may lessen the gap between demand and
supply
