1. WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL
& FISHERY SCIENCES
FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE
A Seminar On,
Exophthalmia in Fish & It’s Solution
Submitted To,
Prof G. Dash
Dept. of Aquatic Animal Health
Submitted By,
Soumya Sardar
B.F.Sc. 3rd Year
F/2015/37
2. INTRODUCTION:
Exophthalmia also called exophthalmus, exophthalmos, proptosis, or
exorbitism or pop eye.
Popeye, or exophthalmia, is swelling of one or both eyes anteriorly out of the
orbit of the fish. It is difficult to treat but easy to prevent.
Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease) or
unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor). Complete or partial dislocation
from the orbit is also possible from trauma.
3. WHAT IS IT?
Pop eye is not one particular disease, but various combined problems or
symptoms of underlying disease.
The most common cause is a bacterial infection.
However this infection may have resulted from some preceding diseases.
It may also be caused by nonspecific organisms, rough handling,
tumors, excess lighting, poor nutrition or a vitamin A deficiency.
The reason the eyes protrude is from a build up of fluids in and around the
eye.
4. POP EYE IDENTIFICATION IN FISH
One or both eyes of the fish bulge outwards, hence the “pop eye” name.
The outer surface of the fish’s eye may be white or cloudy.
Pop eye can be referred to as unilateral (just one eye affected) or
bilateral (both eyes affected).
Pop eye is unlikely to be confused with any other diseases in fish.
Pop Eye
5. POP EYE PATHOLOGY IN FISH
The swelling of the fish’s eye is caused by tissue fluid leaking into the
region behind the eyeball.
Pressure builds up as the amount of fluid increases, forcing the fish’s
eyeball outward.
Opportunistic bacterial infections commonly occur. The cloudiness of the
fish’s eye is caused by damage to the cornea (the transparent layer of
skin that covers the pupil).
Pop eye in fish is most frequently caused by continual exposure to
chronically poor (rather than acutely lethal) water conditions.
6. CONT..
Pop eye is consequently most common in aquariums that are overcrowded or
receive infrequent water changes.
Not surprisingly, pop eye is most often seen in aquariums where messy fish
are kept in unhygienic conditions, typically goldfish and large cichlids.
There are basically two type of pop eye disease –
A. Unilateral pop eye.
B. Bilateral pop eye.
7. UNILATERAL VS. BILATERAL POP EYE IN
FISH
While bilateral pop eye is often simply a reaction to poor aquarium water
conditions, unilateral pop eye may be caused by physical damage to the fish.
In either case, optimizing water quality in the aquarium will be required before
the fish can recover, but unilateral pop eye will also demand further
considerations.
Sources of physical damage to the fish’s eye can include rough handling,
collisions between fish and solid objects, failed predation attempts and
aggression between fish.
8. HISTOPATHOLOGY
Proptosis is the anterior displacement of the eye
from the orbit. Since the orbit is closed off
posteriorly, medially and laterally, any enlargement
of structures located within will cause the anterior
displacement of the eye.
Swelling or enlargement of the lacrimal gland causes
inferior medial and anterior dislocation of the eye.
This is because the lacrimal glands are located
superiorly and laterally in the orbit.
10. MEASUREMENT
Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is
performed using an exophthalmometer
Most sources define exophthalmos/proptosis as a
protrusion of the globe greater than 18 mm.
The term exophthalmos is often used when
describing proptosis associated with Graves' disease
11. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF EYE
SYNDROME AFFECTION
Quarantine of new fish and good sanitation practices.
Keep the tank clean and free of any unnecessary wastes.
Use Oxytetracycline (150 mg/kg body weight) for one week as antibiotic.
Use chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg body weight ).
Drug is approved for pond fishes, channel catfish, and salmonids at a daily
rate of 50 to 75 mg/kg of fish for 10 days.
12. CONCLUSION
Prevention of microbial diseases can be best done through good farm
management, environmental stresses and associated disease problems are
minimized by excellent nutrition.
Quarantine and health certificate form for the control microbial diseases.
Antibiotics, Sulphamerazine sodium and medicinal plant as medicated food.
In cultured fish, prevention and control of eye affection problem could be
achieved by poor nutrition.
13. REFERENCES :
FISH & PRAWN DISEASES IN INDIA DIAGNOSIS & CONTROL
BY- MANAS K. DAS & R.K. DAS
www.google.com
www.Wikipedia.com
