Noise pollution and effect to environment

1. NOISE POLLUTION
WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF
ANIMAL AND FISHERY SCIENCES
FACULTY OF FISHERY SCIENCE
SUBMITTED BY :-
RAJNISHKUMAR DAS F/2015/23
SOUMYA SARDAR F/2015/37
SUMANTA DAS F/2015/41
AYAN BISWAS F/2015/07
ARNABDAS F/2015/05
NILADRIDEB F/2015/20
SUBMITTED TO :-
MALANCHAYRAY &
SWARNYA MUKHERJEE
SUB: ENVIRONMENTALEDUCATION

2. CONTENTS
1.Noise pollution
2.Effects of noise pollution
3.Methods to reduce noise pollution
4.Noise pollution in India.
5.Governmental actions on noise pollution in India
6.Legal status of noise pollution in India.
7.Awareness towards noise pollution.
8.References

3. NOISEPOLLUTION
Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or excessive noise that may
harm the activity or balance of human or animal life. The source of most outdoor
noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines and transportation systems, motor
vehicles, aircraft, and trains. Outdoor noise is summarized by the word
environmental noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since
side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the
residential areas. Documented problems associated with urban noise go back as far
as Ancient Rome.
Outdoor noise can be caused by machines, building activities, and music
performances, especially in some workplaces. Noise-induced hearing loss can be
caused by outside (e.g. trains) or inside (e.g. music) noise.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased
incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death
by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction
and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss.

4. EFFECTSOF NOISEPOLLUTION
Human
Noise pollution affects both health and behaviour. Unwanted sound (noise) can
damage psychological health. Noise pollution can cause hypertension, high stress
levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects.
Sound becomes unwanted when it either interferes with normal activities such as
sleeping, conversation, or disrupts or diminishes one’s quality of life.
Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older males
exposed to significant occupational noise demonstrate more significantly reduced
hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers, though differences in hearing
sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinguishable by age 79.
High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to
moderately high levels during a single eight-hour period causes a statistical rise in
blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress, and vasoconstriction
leading to the increased blood pressure noted above, as well as to increased
incidence of coronary artery disease.

5. Wildlife
Noise can have a detrimental effect on wild animals, increasing the risk of death by
changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection and avoidance, and
interfering the use of the sounds in communication, especially in relation to
reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or
permanent loss of hearing.
An impact of noise on wild animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy
areas may cause, which in the case of endangered species may be part of the path to
extinction. Noise pollution may have caused the death of certain species of whales
that beached themselves after being exposed to the loud sound of military
sonar,(see also Marine mammals and sonar).
Noise also makes species communicate more loudly, which is called Lombard vocal
response. Scientists and researchers have conducted experiments that show whales'
song length is longer when submarine-detectors are on.These unheard voices might
be warnings, finding of prey, or preparations of net-bubbling. When one species
begins speaking more loudly, it will mask other species' voice, causing the whole
ecosystem eventually to speak more loudly. Marine invertebrates, such as crabs
(Carcinus maenas), have also been shown to be impacted by ship noise. Larger crabs
were noted to be impacted more by the sounds than smaller crabs. Repeated
exposure to the sounds did lead to acclimatization.
FIG :- Noise effecting the aquatic organisms

6. METHODSTO REDUCENOISEPOLLUTION
Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle
speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of
traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire
design. An important factor in applying these strategies is a computer model for
roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic
operations, and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be
modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway
project.
Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet engines. Altering flight paths and
time of day runway has benefitted residents near airports.
Industrial noise has been addressed since the 1930s via redesign of industrial
equipment, shock mounted assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace. In
recent years, Buy Quiet programs and initiatives have arisen in an effort to combat
occupational noise exposures. These programs promote the purchase of quieter
tools and equipment and encourage manufacturers to design quieter equipment.
The National Institute for Occupational Health has created a database of industrial
equipment with decibel levels noted.
Fig :- The sound tube in Melbourne, Australia is designed to reduce roadway noise without
detracting from the area's aesthetics

7. NOISEPOLLUTIONININDIA
The urban areas of India have become highly populated in past few decades. In the
last decade, it rose by 31.8%. This has led to certain environmental and health issues
that also include environmental pollution. Some causes are unavoidable and are
required to be followed for the developmental activities. So, it is not possible to
completely avoid them. But, some preventive measures sure can be taken to control
and minimize the extent of it. As per the Prevention and Control of Pollution Act
implemented in 1981, the noise is termed as an ‘air-pollutant’. It is that unpleasant,
distracting and unnecessary sound that ought to be avoided due to its sleep
depriving and concentration-lowering impact. The person gets annoyed due to the
persistent uneasiness caused by them. According to the WHO guidelines, for a sound
sleep, the noise in that room should not be more than 30dBA. For maintaining
concentration in any classroom, it should not exceed 35dBA. The noise levels more
than these limits on a continuous basis, may harm mental as well as physical health
on a short term and long term basis. Sadly enough, this issue is not taken that
seriously infront of other forms of pollution – air pollution and water pollution.
Measurement of Noise Pollution
To measure noise, the average pressure level of the sound is measured for a
particular amount of time by a weighting scale. It also finds out the response of the
auditory system. The noise is measured as decibels. The gadgets used to measure
noise are noise level meter, noise dosimeter and impulse-sound level meter. Noise
dosimeter can be worn by the person and works better than noise level meter.

8. GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS ON NOISE
POLLUTION IN INDIA
In March 2011, the Central Pollution Control Board established the first part of noise
pollution monitoring network in 35 major cities in India including all the metros like
Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Lucknow and Chennai. The system is
a part of the National Environmental Policy adopted in 2006. It is expected that by
the establishment of second and third parts, the number of locations to be
monitored will be increased160 cities covering various parts of Indian states.
Under the Environmental Protection Act, the Central Government came up with
Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000 which were to be implemented
once they got published in the official gazette. These rules are meant for the
following:
Implementation of noise standards in different zones or
areas.
1. Restrict the use of loud-speakers.
2. Restrict the over-usage of horns, sound creating equipments for
construction and fire-crackers.
3. Allotting responsibility to State Pollution Control Boards or Committees and
the Central Pollution Control Board, for collecting, processing and providing
the statistical data about the noise pollution, so that adequate measures may
be taken to prevent and control it.
On violation of these rules, the person shall be liable for penalty as per the Act.

9. LEGALSTATUSOF NOISEPOLLUTIONIN INDIA
Up until the 1970s governments tended to view noise as a "nuisance"
rather than an environmental problem.
Many conflicts over noise pollution are handled by negotiation between
the emitter and the receiver. Escalation procedures vary by country, and
may include action in conjunction with local authorities, in particular the
police.
Noise pollution is a major problem in India. The government of India has
rules & regulations against firecrackers and loudspeakers, but
enforcement is extremely lax. Awaaz (sound) Foundation is an Indian
NGO working to control noise pollution from various sources through
advocacy, public interest litigation, awareness, and educational
campaigns since 2003.

10. AWARNESS TOWARDS NOISE POLLUTION
We have made the law relating to noise pollution but there is need to
creating general awareness towards the hazardous effects of noise
pollution. Particularly, in our country the people generally lack
consciousness of the ill effects which noise pollution creates ad how the
society including they themselves stand to beneficiary preventing
generation and emission of noise pollution. The target area should be
educational institutions and more particularlyschool. The young children
of impressionable age should be motivated to desist from playing with
firecrackers, use of high sound producingequipments and instruments on
festivals, religious and social functions, family get-togethers and
celebrations etc. which cause noise pollution. Suitable chapters can be
added into textbooks, which teach civic sense to the children and teach
them how to be good and responsible citizen which would include
learning by heart of various fundamental duties and that would
obliviouslyinclude learningnot to create noise pollution and to prevent if
generated by others. Holding of special talks and lectures can be
organized in the schools to highlight the menance of noise pollution and
the role of the children in preventingit . For these purpose the state must
pay its role by the support and cooperation of non-government
organizations (NGOs) can also be enlisted.

11. REFERENCES
1.Wikipedia
2.Google.com
3.Indiaonline.com