Multinational Corporation Case Study

Multinational Corporation Case Study
Management Control System in Multinational Corporations: Study on Italian Business Group
Assignment Submitted By
Anu Joy
1528937
MBA Executive
3rd Semester
Table of Contents
 Introduction.
 Abstract.
 Need of the study.
 Scope of the study.
 Objective of the study.
 Meaning of Management Control System.
 Literature Review
 Critical Analysis.
 Conclusion
Introduction
The case is analysis on management control system that is implemented in various multinational
organization and how MCS helps maintain relationship between the organization and monitor work
and improve performance of the entire group. When designing the control system certain thing
needs to be considered like organizational structure, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FIAT
Fiat operates in the automotive industry, In Italy it is the most well–known firm whose history has
been linked to Italy's since its origin. The company is as an equity group and develops industrial and
financial activities in the industry. The core business of FIAT is divided into four areas:
1. Agriculture and construction machines,
2. Industrial vehicles and Components;
3. Production systems.
Divided into two levels, the first is represented by the holding, with its service function. The second
level is further divided into four areas, each managed and who directly reports to Group CEO.
Each business segment is directly administered by the CEO. Every area existing in Fiat is termed as

is a legal entity which intern controls the entire Fiat business. The responsible managers help in
caring out various support activities, such as
a) foreign relations
b) investor relations
c) finance
d) human resource management
e) industrial relations
f) Internal audit and purchasing.
As mentioned above every manager is responsible to the CEO not the function heads. Additionally,
the finance division of Fiat Company is further broken into
1. Treasury
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Suboptimal Subsidiary Management Case Study
The concept of suboptimal subsidiary management (coded as SSM) includes 5 subcategories:
● SSM–ULA: suboptimal subsidiary management because of unbalanced level of autonomy;
Birkinshaw et al. (2000) recognize the issues that arise from the gaps in perception of subsidiaries
roles by the subsidiary managers and the headquarters managers: subsidiaries overestimate their
strategic importance and desire greater level of autonomy while headquarters seek control. These
perception gaps have strong implications on the subsidiary management as the motives of HQ and
subsidiaries grow to conflict as the perception gaps increase. Birkinshaw et al. (2000) also notes that
the subsidiaries that obtain valuable resources or capabilities often have stronger ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Birkinshaw et al. (2000) also address the headquarters control: HQ managers apply control
mechanisms to assign roles and set objectives for subsidiaries. [????]
● SSM–LIC: suboptimal subsidiary management because of the lack of intra–subsidiary
communication;
Ghoshal et al (1994)
● SSM–NOS: suboptimal subsidiary management because of the new organizational structure;
This subcategory was derived from the data since the new organizational structure is specific to the
case. Based on the evidence from the case, the research team anticipated to find effect of the newly
restructured organizational chart on the subsidiary management.
The second main concept 'inefficiencies in subsidiary operations' coded as ISO includes 4
subcategories:
● ISO–IC: inefficiencies in subsidiary operations because of internal competition; The sub–category
'internal competition' is derived from the case: there were observation of the two subsidiaries
approaching the same customers and quoting different prices for the same services. Logically, these
events of internal competition jeopardize relations with customers, prevent subsidiaries from
performing optimally and create

Power and Control
Introduction
While business is growing at a rapid rate, power and control is play a significant role in
management control system. The concept of control and power, also are the important elements of
organizational behavior. However, because of the development of society, some people always
confuse the means of power and control. In order to enhance work behavior and organizational
performance, the people who work in a organization should learn how to use power and control
properly. Control systems are widely used in organization and the process of the management. To
analyze the concept between power and control, this essay will first argue that the concept of control
in the past, and then it is shown that the modern concept of control. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
And the manager can provide an appropriate position to every staffs; moreover, they can
communicate to each other, also they can give some rectify and feedback to each other. Establishing
standards of performance, so the staffs can know how well they done, and have some positive
competition with other staffs. Make sure every staffs have equally treatment and chance. Periodic
review is necessary for improve the control system. Not every person wants to be control or control
others, people prefer freedom. In future, the definition of control may keep change in management
field. Control system may be flexible and people–oriented.
Analysis of power
According to Mukkins power means "power is a complex and dynamic concept control or influence
over the behavior of other people with or without their consent." (Mukkins 2010) In other words,
Power traditionally associated with coercion, repression and exploitation (negative control of one
group over another). However, more recent view of power "there are no social relations that are
"free" of power, it is seen not just as constraining in its effects but also productive and positive."
Power is born from every person. People have right and ability to do what they can do. In term of
management power can be an achievement of motivation. Power can make people control another
people or thing more easily. It will encourage people use power. The people

Importance Of Adrc Based Lfc Of Interconnected Power System
PhD Research Proposal School of Engineering & Information Technology UNSW, Canberra,
Australia
Proposed Supervisor: Dr. Hemanshu Pota, UNSW, Canberra, Australia
Applicant: Md. Mijanur Rahman
Title: "Determination the response characteristics of ADRC based LFC of Interconnected Power
System."
Introduction:
The control of active power and frequency in a power system is referred to as load frequency
control (LFC). Stable operation of interconnected power system requires both constant frequency
and constant tile–line power exchange [1]. An area control error (ACE), defined as a linear
combination of tie line power and frequency deviations, is taken as the controlled output of LFC.
LFC regulates ACE to zero such that frequency and tie–line power errors are forced to zeros. PID
controller is widely used in LFC due to its simplicity but is gives long settling time and produces
large frequency deviation [2]. In recent years, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)
developed by J. Han [3] and modified by Z. Gao [4, 5] has been proposed for the LFC controller [6–
9].
ADRC has been studied for LFC of Bangladesh Power System (BPS) [6]. The work proposes
feedback connections from load rich area to generation rich area by considering load change in a
single area only, not simultaneous load change in all areas. Tie–line power exchange of a power
system is inversely proportional with the reactance of transmission line [10]. In [11], it is described
that

Control Essential
1. Describe the kind and strategies of control applied by your manager to control the employees' job.
Be specific by showing examples. In case you are not working, please, refer to your last job.
Controls can be classified according to the time at which the control is applied to the activity–
before, during or after. My last job was in OCASA, my manager was Lisebel Sardinas she is a good
manager, she gave me the responsibility on my jobs and tasks day by day, the time elements in
controls that I considered she used inside the company is the Feedback controls; the major reason is
because she evaluate an activity after it is performed, as example every Friday after 12 pm I did a
report, and she evaluated how much I advanced in my job and ... Show more content on
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2. Evaluate the control system applied by your manager by following the 9 characteristics of
effective controls. According to the result of this analysis, please, suggest how to improve it.
a. The control must be accepted, as I said in my example the control was done every Friday,
sometimes was frustrated for me, and is not a excuse but sometimes the check doesn't come because
the customers don't want to pay, but not because I don't do the job, for me the control must follow in
the same form to correct the errors on time but should be flexible to the employees which at the end
of the week conclude at least the seventy percent of your tasks.
b. The control measures must be appropriate and meaningful; in OCASA the control measures to the
accounting department bring the opportunity to gain incentives such as a weekend in Orlando,
Sabine Island and others, each six months Lisebel Sardinas General Manager of accounting gave the
new tasks and goals for each of those, at the end of those six months we already know if we can
participate in this.
c. An effective control measure provide diagnostic information, if controls are to improve
performance, they must help people correct deviations for performance. In my example I think if
OCASA doesn't have a feedback control showing employees what is the error every

Food And Beverage Operations Management
Graduate Diploma
Food and Beverage Operations Management
AMFO600
Assessment Two
Case Study – Control Systems
Semester One 2016
Lecturer: Roderick Turner
Student name: Xiaochen Gong
Student I.D.: 99138745
Submission date: Tuesday 31 May 2016Table of Contents
1. Executive summary 3
2. Introduction 4
3. Discussion 5
3.1. The objectives of the food and beverage control system 5
3.2. The relevant procedures of food and beverage control system 6
3.3. Control procedures, legislation and correct actions 7
1. Executive summary
The report discusses the objectives of the food and beverage control system and relevant
procedures. The report then focuses on the exactly control processes and some relevant food and
beverage legislation to solve the operational issues and correct inappropriate actions which may be
working outside the law. After that, three example of relevant control documents are outlined in
Appendices. It is concluded the main control method analyzed from the discussion points and
recommend proper policies and procedures for implementation.
2. Introduction
The purpose of this report is to discuss the objectives of the food and beverage control system and
relevant procedures and recommend appropriate policies and procedures for implementation to the
Madras St Bar & Grill.
In accordance with the background of the Madras St Bar & Grill, which is a small restaurant that
has recently been sold. The new owners do not have any experience in the hospitality

What are Version Control Systems? Essay
The data, its versions, and all the information associated with each version are stored in a location
called repository. There are four repository models commonly employed in Version Control
systems. The earlier version of Version Control systems kept repository local – the person making
the changes and the repository would be on the same machine . There are also examples of
repository located on a shared folder which allows users from within a local area network to
collaborate (4). Later on, client/server models became popular where the central repository is
located on a server and all clients are able to read and submit changes. In the recent years,
distributed repository systems are getting increasing interest as ... Show more content on
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If the update contains changes that would conflict with the local changes, local copy goes into
conflict state. The changes on the local copy needs to be reviewed and should be marked as resolved
after complying with the changes of the repository.
The changes may be stored in the repository using various models. The simplest model is snapshots,
where a complete copy of the data set is stored for each version. For certain data types, this method
is still employed – such as in the version control of images, binary media where determination of
atomic data unit is not necessarily well defined. For data sets that have a well defined atomic data
unit, the most common method is changesets (deltas), where only the modified atomic data units are
stored with each version. This, in most cases, provides significant saving in repository storage
space.
The changeset method, however, comes with the need of data set construction in order to get to a
certain version of it. For example, in order to check out the latest version of the data set, a build
process is required starting from the initial version of the data set (version 1), incorporating each
delta, all the way to the last version, traversing the complete version tree. A typical software project
repository is composed of thousands of versions. Assuming most users are interested in the latest
version of the data

Air Conditioning Blower Control Module
Air Conditioning Blower Control Module
Repair common AC blower control module problems. Drivers and car owners of some popular
Chevrolet trucks and utility vehicles are having issues with intermittent interior fan operation.
In fact, I had one situation where the blower fan got stuck on high even when you turned off the
ignition key. However, it seems like the most common complaint is that the fan doesn 't respond to
speed adjustments or doesn 't work at all.
Some of the more popular vehicles included in this issue are the Chevrolet Silverado pickups,
Trailblazer, Suburban and Tahoe sport utility vehicles. Of course, this applies to the GMC version of
these vehicles like the Envoy and Yukon. The model years with the most problems are ... Show
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This is the digital type set up that function like the HVAC control panel in your house. You set the
temperature for 70 degrees and the climate control system automatically adjusts the temperature
doors and blower speed to accommodate your settings.
If your vehicle has the base option set up with two dials and slides to select a temperature range
between cold and hot, you do not have a blower module. Instead you have a blower resistor.
Nevertheless, both of these systems are troublesome and might need their respective parts replaced.
It 's just important to make sure you know the difference and what parts are on your automobile.
Diagnosing a Defective Blower Control Module
On the automobiles we 're discussing you access the blower module from the passenger side foot
well. On vehicles with high–level trim there might be a hush panel to remove to gain access.
Another thing to take note of is that on most of these models the glove box will swing out of the
way when you push up on the stop tab in the upper left corner of the glove box compartment. When
this swings out of the way you have an excellent view of the blower motor and its two wire
connector.
Although you probably have a bad blower module you still want to take a few basic tests before you
purchase the replacement parts. You want to check the fuses to make sure that they are not blown. If

they are blown it could be yet another sign that the module is drawing too much current.
The next step is to

Manual vs. Automated Statistical Process Control: Food...
Israel Ortega–Ramos
The Prime Example
Our recent visit to a food packaging plant in New Jersey highlighted the inconsistent results of
statistical process control routinely faced by Quality Control Managers. Product weight readings
were taken from the manufacturing floor, entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed. The
results produced no predictable under or over filling trend despite the fact that the same people used
the same scales at the same time of day. The problem is simple and fundamental. Human error is an
inevitable part of the process of collecting statistical data. This is consistently overlooked in
companies that utilize manual SPC[1] (statistical process control) for their manufactured goods. To
ensure the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scale will then calculate the statistical data after the last product is placed on the scale and store
this data in a password–protected memory for collection by the Quality Manager. This statistical
data can then be sent wirelessly to a spreadsheet, printed on a label to accompany the sampled
product, or simply viewed on the scale interface. The flow diagram below shows the improved SPC
process.
Companies can also utilize various connectivity and software options that can integrate filling
machines to automated SPC scale systems. This means that fill volumes based on trends calculated
by the scale can be adjusted via an automated system. Quality Control Managers and Plant
Managers can also connect all the SPC scale systems in a factory via a central control computer that
will provide easy access to "real–time" data. Integrating an automated SPC Scale System into a
manufacturing environment will have the following advantages over the older manual SPC systems:
Upgrading outdated manual SPC processes is the first step to improve overall quality, efficiency,
and trace ability. This can be accomplished with as little as $5,000 in capital investment. Quality
Control Managers and Plant managers have to take a hard look at how their product samples are
being weighed and how these measurements are turned into results that can improve production line
efficiency. It is now time for

Blower Motor Problems On Gm Vehicles
Blower Motor Problems on GM Vehicles
Back in the 70s and 80s blower motor problems on General Motors Corp. vehicles were almost
unheard of. However, they did require a lot of electrical energy.
In an effort to increase the efficiency of the climate control systems General Motors has
experimented with some cutting–edge technologies. Unfortunately, the fallout has been a large
amount of vehicles with common blower motor problems. I guess I 'm saying these systems didn 't
age well.
Here I'll cover four specific issues that are extremely common on cars and trucks from Chevrolet,
Pontiac, Saturn, GMC and Buick automobiles. Keep in mind for Chrysler owners I have a specific
page [about Dodge blower motor problems]. And for those that do not ... Show more content on
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You can jump 12 V to the positive side of the motor and it should run. I recommend that you leave it
fully installed when you run this test because the spinning squirrel cage can cause injury. If the
blower motor works it 's time to check some voltages at the module.
There 's a power wire that comes from the control panel. On most models it 's either red or purple.
This power in wire should turn on a test light with the ignition on and maximum speed selected. The
black wire should indicate a strong ground. If you have a good ground and verified power into the
module, yet have no electricity flowing to the blower motor you probably have a bad module.
In many cases when I find the problem with the GM blower motor module I also find signs of
moisture in the heater case that contains the motor and module. If the AC condensation drain
becomes blocked you 'll wind up with water flowing into the HVAC case. The blower motor module
is close to being the low point and will wind up sitting in a bath of water.
If you wind up replacing this part go the extra step and make sure that the condensation drain is
clear on your AC evaporator. Also make sure your old blower motor spins freely and isn't starting to
bind. I have some final thoughts on the blower motor module failure situation. In an effort to
streamline the manufacturing process and keep costs down these parts are in a tremendous amount

Grizzly Bear Lodge Mini Case
"Grizzly Bear Lodge Mini Case"
Located outside of the beautiful Yellowstone Park is the Grizzly Bear Lodge. Owned by Diane and
Rudy Conrad, Grizzly Bear Lodge has 15 rooms that can accommodate up 40 guests with some
rooms specially setup for families. It is a seasonal company, which operates from April to
November and the busy tourist season starting in May and ending in September. An opportunity has
surfaced which will allow Diane and Rudy the ability to expand by purchasing the property next
door. The purpose of this paper is to show how now and in the future Grizzly Bear Lodge can ensure
guest satisfaction, what budget considerations can be taken for the expansion and how market
controls can implement their expansion. Using the bureaucratic control approaches is beneficial for
the Grizzly Bear Lodge. These approaches will outline problems Grizzly Bear Lodge face if Diane
and Rudy expand and purchase the next–door property. Allowing Diane and Rudy the ability to
consider the pros and cons of the expansion and also fix problems they currently have.
The first approach is feedforward control, which takes place before operations begin and include
policies, procedures, and rules designed to ensure that planned activities are carried out properly
(Bateman Snell). Feedforward controls help managers by allowing them managers to plan
efficiently, regulate resources, employees, materials and capital. Feedforward identifies problems
before occur and disrupt business. This approach

A Simulation System Platform For Designing And Debugging...
In recent years autonomous underwater vehicles have come under the light for their vast
applications. To acquire improvement in autonomous underwater vehicle's (AUV) applications
vehicle autonomy, underwater communications, motion control, dynamics modeling as well as
simulation system is neede3d to be touched. These issues are needed to be resolved through a spiral
development process which is included at sea experimentation. To provide a simulation system
platform for designing and debugging problems of motion controller, a 3–Degree of Freedom (3–
DOF) dynamic model for AUV is examined. Based on a dynamic model controlled by thruster and
fin with appendages, a simulation system is established and motion performance is analyzed. Also
an implementation of active submarine warfare is tested. Signal processing capabilities and adaptive
behavior were analyzed via simulation. The results demonstrate that AUV has good maneuverability
with or without appendages. The implications for underwater surveillance are discussed in both
simulation and experimental context.
Key Words
Autonomous underwater vehicle; Target localization, tracking and on–board processing; motion
performance and dynamic modeling; behavior based robotics; simulation system
Introduction
The interest and research works based on autonomous underwater vehicle has increased a lot in
recent years. Because of the mass applications of AUVs for security, maintenance as well as under
water research works it is really

Budget and Budgetary Control for Improved Performance: a...
European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences ISSN 1450–2275 Issue 12
(2008) © EuroJournals, Inc. 2008 http://www.eurojournalsn.com
Budget and Budgetary Control for Improved Performance: A Consideration for Selected Food and
Beverages Companies in Nigeria
Ishola Rufus Akintoye Room 116, Department of Economics, Faculty of the Social Sciences
University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, West Africa Tel: 234–8035369293, 8082130269 E–mail:
irakintoye@yahoo.com Abstract Budget and Budgetary control, both at management and
operational level looks at the future and lays down what has to be achieved. Control checks whether
or not the plans are realized, and puts into effect corrective measures where deviation or shortfall is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The foregoing reflects on the need for organizations to set up a formal mechanism for scanning its
environment for opportunities and give early signs of future problems, this course of action will
improve the system of budgeting and control, resulting in an apriori expectation of improved
performance, in the manufacturing sector as seen in this study.
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework
"Budget" and "Budgeting" are concepts traceable to the bible days, precisely the days of Joseph in
Egypt. It was reported that "nothing was given out of the treasure without a written order". History
has it that Joseph budgeted and stored grains which lasted the Egyptians throughout the seven years
of famine. Budgets were first introduced in the 1920s as a tool to manage costs and cashflows in
large industrial organizations. Johnson (1996) states that it was during the 1960s that companies
began to use budgets to dictate what people needed to do. In the 1970s performance improvement
was based on meeting financial targets rather than effectiveness companies then faced problems in
the 1980s and 1990s when they were not willing to spend money on innovations inorder to stay with
the rigid budgets, they were no longer concerned about how customers were being treated, only
meeting sales targets became essential. Budgeting in business organizations are formally associated
with the advent of industrial

Advance Management Account
Challenges in design and implementation of management control systems
Name
Student Affiliation (1391 words)
Challenges that the top management may face when designing and implementing effective
management control systems in organizations. There is always no guarantee that the management
control system design and implementation of the top management will always be effective as they,
just like any other functions in an organization do face numerous challenges. These management
controls are always designed in such a way as to enable continuous monitoring of the involved
control activities as this helps identify and provide feedback on the effectiveness of these control
systems (Rangaraju ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The impact of this is that the entire top management is considered to have failed the organization
without pinpointing specific individuals. These control systems tend to guide the employees in
doing what is entirely not at par with the organization's objectives and strategies. Though the
employees carry out their duties as efficiently as possible, the organization does not achieve its set
goal at the end of the day. For proper achievement of the goals of the company, there should be a
clear statement of the duties of the employees by the entire management of the organization to
ensure unofficial duty allocations by some top management individuals (Cliffsnotes.com, 2014).
The top management also experiences difficulty in implementing the management control systems
which they have designed because in some instances, the employees are not well trained and
developed to accommodate the control systems (Epstein and Lee, 2003). Problems like this one do
arise in cases where a very effective management control system has been put in place by the
management, but because the employees or subordinate staffs lack the proper knowledge to
implement this type of strategy, the organization does not benefit from it at all. A good example is
the introduction of computer based check–in system which might end up being a difficulty for the
majority of the employees who are not conversant with computer systems. It is this challenge which
calls for the

Smithers: Implementation and Sigma Program Essays
Overview: This case talks about John Smithers and his experience with the new Six Sigma Program
at Sigtek. The program was implemented by the parent company of Sigtek and Smithers and a
colleague, Sam Murphy, were both selected to learn about this program from Telwork (the parent
company) and then run the program to teach about change to the employees at Sigtek.
Problems:
The main problem that is seen in this case study is the fact that the Six Sigma program that was
implemented to bring change was not working. To Smithers it felt as if corporate didn't really care
about the company or this program. There was not enough support given to the program or the need
for change so that Six Sigma could actually be a positive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Vertical coordination is when higher levels control and coordinate the work of subordinates through
authority, rules, policies, planning and control systems. In the case it can be seen that Telwork uses
vertical coordination to have Sigtek and its other subsidiaries comply with its Six Sigma Program. It
gets the upper level people of the company to do as they are told so that the program runs along at
the pace that they had preordained for it. Through vertical coordination Telwork gets Smithers and
Murphy to do this program according to the company's views and at the company's pace. Lateral
coordination can also be seen in this case study. Smithers and Murphy head up meetings to help
those that work at Sigtek understand the needs for a Six Sigma Program and then they try to use
these meetings to implement change as they see fit (after getting input from employees that
participated in the Six Sigma meetings). A task force is set up to bring these changes into effect.
From this case we can say this situation illustrates excessive autonomy. All the instructions are
giving down from the parent company and all that Smithers and Murphy can do is obey orders.
They went to get trained and then came back to Sigtek to train the employees all according to the
plans that were put in place by Telwork. There was no leeway at all for the two men to make their
own judgments and even if they did; those judgment

What Makes A Management Control System?
So, you now can understand the functions of MCS and the purpose of the system, but what about the
characteristics? What makes something a management control system?
As the above showed, MCSs generally describe the design, installation and operation of different
planning and control frameworks within management. But there are two distinct control systems
within the concept. While these are different from each other, they are also interrelated and
sometimes hard to separate from each other. First, the MCS refers to the structure, either
organisational or the relationship of different components, of the different responsibility structures
within the company. It further outlines the performance measures and how the information moves
within and between the different responsibility structures. For example, in a complex and large
organisation, such as a production facility for creating different car parts, the responsibility would
be divided into multiple units. The management would therefore be in charge of different aspects of
the organisation, and there would be a number of sub–units. On the other hand, a small business,
like a family bakery, is unlikely to have many responsibility centres. MCSs core characteristic is the
organising and planning of the relationship between these different structures and centres of
responsibility.
The other core characteristic, on the other hand, is about the processes or set of activities the
organisation takes in order to achieve its

Feedback Loop And Organizational Learning
Feedback Loop and Organizational Behavior
Wanda I. Ramos
Trident University
BUS 599: Integrative Project
Dr. Jeffrey Snider
Feedback Loop and Organizational Learning
The Excellent Consulting Group
Organizational learning is no doubt an important concern to organizational researchers and
practitioners. However, few theories or models of organizational learning have widespread
acceptance, even the basic concept of what organizational learning is (Fiol & Lyles, 1985; Huber,
1991, Kim, 1993).
Each learning cycle and process is to be treated as reorganizing feedback mechanism to achieve the
task's objectives. "The technical view assumes that organizational learning is about the effective
processing, interpretation of, and response to, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are also element of effective management.
Discussion
A feedback loop is a common and a great tool when designing a control system. Feedback loops
take the system output into consideration, which enables the system to adjust its performance to
meet a desired output response. System feedback loops constitute an essential part of the systems
thinking theory which allows viewing organization as a system. They are also connected to the
theory of organizational learning., which may occur within a loop. Organizational learning theory
and population ecology would suggest that rule making is subject to limited resources (e.g.,
unsolved problems) which would be absorbed as the rule apparatus grows, leaving less resources for
new rules resulting in a negative effect of rule density on rule birth rates.
There are different feedback loops at Whole Foods Market, two of which will be discuss in this
paper. Identifying and having control of the reinforcing and balancing loops provides a company
with an advanced understanding of its internal processes and creates multiple learning opportunities
that will allow it to become more successful in the future.
Whole Foods Market reinforcing loops consists of the following elements:
1. The demand for organic foods
2. The profit earned
3. The number of stores that operate within the grocery chain

4. The customer awareness of healthy eating habits
The revenue and profit of the company depend directly

Management Controlling
How to achieve an effective controlling in an organization By the late 1970s, a successful economic
reform program launched in China, many enterprise grasped this opportunity and enjoy a huge
achievement during this rare reformation. While the market transferred to a developed market
economic, however, enterprise faced more challenges than the past and earning quick profit seems
to be more difficult. Ultimately, many of these enterprises shut down due to own ineffective
controlling process, failing in the tougher market. It is come to an agreement that in a mature
market, the crucial factor that whether a competitive enterprise enables to settle in the market is
determined by the effectiveness of both its internal and external ... Show more content on
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1: The external controlling–organizational system The emphasis of bureaucracy is on hierarchical
organization and the detailed division of labor. This restricts personal feelings and behaviors on the
basis of written rules so as to achieve the purpose of the organization. (Olsen, 2006) In other words,
bureaucracy relies on a strict and mature organizational system. The system comprises precise
regulation and rules to implement effective controlling. In an organization, advantages from the
system control can largely benefit the whole organization, which include, lowering the cost of
control, keeping high efficiency operations, maintaining a fairly and justice workplace environment.
(Salaman, 2005) In the long run, a perfect system can ensure the consistency of the organization's
activities, and an equal workplace environment can greatly release the workplace conflict between
the managers and the employees. However, Sližienė and Vaitkienė (2007) point out that a perfect
system controlling depends on two factors. On the one hand, it is hard to make a perfect system that
satisfied the interest of everyone. Besides, it may be impossible to make predictive and far–sighted
regulations to be able to solve all the difficulties. At the same time, even though the system itself is
perfect enough, the process to implement these rules seems to be more difficult. Where the
executors can make mistakes in this process, and

Quiz 3 busi 610
 Question 1
0 out of 3 points
A baseball team is an example of pooled interdependence.
Selected Answer:
False
 Question 2
0 out of 3 points
Direct interaction between customer and employee is generally very high with services, while there
is little direct interaction between customers and employees in the technical core of a manufacturing
firm.
Selected Answer:
False
 Question 3
3 out of 3 points
Engineering technologies tend to be low in analyzability and high in variety.
Selected Answer:
False
 Question 4
3 out of 3 points
Research suggests that FMS can become a competitive burden, rather than a competitive advantage,
unless organizational structures and management processes are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Selected Answer:
EIS

 Question 15
3 out of 3 points
The use of huge databases that combine all of a company 's data and allow users to access the data
directly, create reports, and obtain responses to what–if questions is referred to as:
Selected Answer: data warehousing.
 Question 16
0 out of 3 points
The purpose of data warehousing is to combine all of a company 's data and allows users to access
the data directly, create reports, and obtain responses to

Explain The Schematic Diagram Of Pneumatic Positioning System
The schematic diagram of the pneumatic positioning system used in this study is plotted in Fig. 1.
Schematic of the pneumatic positioning system. (Not Clear)
For the pneumatic cylinder in Fig. 1, the dynamic of piston motion is formulated as:
Ma=A1P1–A2P2–v (1) where M is the total mass of piston and load; a is piston acceleration; A1
and A2 are the cross sectional areas of the piston in the cylinder chambers 1 and 2, respectively; P1
and P2 are pressures of the air in the cylinder chambers 1 and 2, respectively. Also v is the piston
velocity and  is coefficient of viscous friction existing in the cylinder.
Considering the air as an ideal gas and an adiabatic process, the thermodynamic model of the air
pressure in the cylinder chambers is obtained as follows [1]: (2) (3) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It should be noted that considering (18), the input–output linearization is locally defined, away from
any point at which a(,)=0. Since, due to the existence of such points in the system, they should
be eliminated, the exact performance of the input–output linearization slightly decreases. Hence the
locally defined input–output linearization is considered as an uncertainty available in the system.
Tracking Control System
In this section, the objective is to track the desired signal yR(t) by piston position of the system.
Considering the external subsystem  in (13) as a matrix form, using the change of variable e=–
YR and choosing =–Ke, the feedback control law mentioned in (18), is changed into:
(21)
The feedback control law presented in (21), linearizes the system input–output map and tracks the
desired reference signal yR(t). Moreover, by applying (21), the closed loop system converts into e ̇=
(A–BK)e , in

Airtex
Airtex Aviation Case Study AirTex Aviation 1. Did AirTex need a new control system at the time of
the takeover?
* "The management system that was in place was one woman who magically kept everything in her
head. There was limited and almost incomprehensible formal system." Sarah Arthur, the company's
accountant, had complete autonomy over the company's information, and she kept this information
private. * AirTex was in need of a more formalized accounting system, since accounting was a
central department of the company, and profitability was a key measure to ensure the success of the
company at the time of the takeover. * Also, Ted and Frank had plans to dispose of Sarah Arthur,
who was acting manager upon their arrival. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There wasn't a motivation to perform. * D epartments don't have motivation to do things differently.
* Culture is very intimidating; everyone was scared of approaching Sarah. * Although net income is
important, in small companies, cash flow is also extremely important * They bought the company
more on the potential. They saw aspects of the company that could be managed better. * They had to
let Sarah Arthur go because their philosophy was decentralization and Sarah Arthur ran a tight ship
and personally oversaw controls 2. Evaluate the control system that Frank and Ted implemented.
Should anything have been done differently? * Make the system wear the black hat
* Use system to make employees do the "right" thing * Controls Implemented * Personnel/Cultural
Controls: Frank and Ted chose to keep the current employees, as they felt there wasn't enough time
to completely turn over the workforce. Furthermore, Frank and Ted provided an environment that
was encouraging and supportive. Ted chose to be an "emotional leader" as opposed to a "task
leader". He also set up his office with a blackboard to accommodate teaching. This encouraged
managers to seek him for advice when they encountered a problem and he was willing to provide
mentoring and training.
Frank and Ted recognized that their employees were experienced and motivated to succeed in their
roles. As a result, Ted decided to take a backseat approach in terms of his management style. He
didn't possess

The London Riot Case
Command and Control in such a way is a very self–controlled discipline system in organisation. In
the London riot case, I in my view could not think that it could work anyway better, then it is
working at the moment. I in my view think it actually is very well despite the escalation and a lot of
damage that was done. Several of the services had to go through challenging situations and even
though they went through a lot of challenging situations, they somehow still managed to uphold
developments and be organised. Due to all the squads had strategic commanders which literally
obtain authority over the lower ranks officers and this can potentially lead, giver instructions,
instruct, guide or finally coach them where essential. What sort of things could make ... Show more
Specific penalties would follow for instance: whether it is the armed forces, emergency services or
other counting private public sector such as the: water supply, electricity and transport. There are
also out there private businesses where Command and Control systems are in place. They are there
and just represented in different ways, with less discipline in place unlike the uniformed public
services where there discipline is very high and challenging. How Command and Control can
initially be improved? Command and Control is a very old scheme which has been significantly
proven to be appropriate for variety of services and also the businesses out there. Every organisation
implements Command and Control in such a way which is appropriate for them, because this system
is very flexible and also very easy and understanding for individuals out

Term Control Essay
Clearly define the term control in the context of an organization. Give examples and lucid
explanation of the various types of control that can be used by a Manager. Why is the control
function so very important to the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization?
According to Robbins & Coulter, "control refers to the process of monitoring, comparing and
correcting work performances."
The control process is a three step process of measuring actual performance, comparing actual
performance against a standard and taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address
inadequate standards.
The process assumes that performance standards already exist. For the most part they do as the
organization would have set goals and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A manager who has responsibility for cleaning would walk around to check the work done by
frontline staff and assign persons to areas not completed. Another example would be on an assembly
line where the manager can see the items before they are completed and correct any defects and
make any adjustments before the products are released for distribution.
Feedback control is the most popular type of control and as the name implies it relies on feedback.
With this concept control takes place after the activity is done. An example of this would be the
Toyota recall situation where based on feedback from customers (in the form of complaints), the
company sought to correct the problem after the product had reached the consumer. With this type
of control, there can be significant damage or wastage which can come at a high cost. However,
feedback control does have some advantages as it gives the manager valuable information or insight
into how effective the planning was. The manager can compare actual performance to planned
performance. If the variance is minor then it can be said that performance was on target. However if
the variance is major then the manager can use that information to implement or update his plans as
required.
The control function is therefore very important to the effectiveness and efficiency of an
organization. As the final step in the management process, control

Building Management Systems
Contents:
Pages
1. Project details. 03
2. Sensors and actuators used. 05
3. Details on controllers/DDC used in the project. 17
4. Software, GUI, and communication protocols. 25
5. Drawbacks of the overall system. 25
6. Discussion. 25
BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM PROJECT– ADMINISTRATION BUILDING OF
TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT) LTD
1.0 PROJECT DETAILS
A Building Management System (BMS) is a computer–based control system installed in buildings
that controls and monitors the building's mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation,
lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems. A BMS consists of ... Show more
2.0 SENSOR AND ACTUATORS USED
✓ Temperature Transducers
[pic]
[pic] ✓ Pressure sensors
[pic]
[pic]

✓ Humidity Sensor ✓ Differential Pressure sensors
[pic]
[pic] [pic]
[pic]
✓ Humidity Transducers
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
[pic]
✓ Level sensors ✓ CO2 sensor ✓ Flow Meter ✓ CCTV Cameras ✓ Light sensors ✓ Occupancy
sensors ✓ Water Pumps ✓ Valve actuators ✓ Fans
3.0 DETAILS OF CONTROLLERS/DDC USED
Inputs allow the controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, air flow, and other essential
factors. The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and
to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs are digital or analog.
The BMS is facilitated with a System/Network controller as this is a Supermarket/Office building.
System controllers provide general purpose feedback loops, as well as digital circuits.
System/Network controllers are applied to control more mechanical systems such as an Air Handler
Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller, etc.
Terminal Unit controller is used for control of lighting.
|POINT SCHEDULE –BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT)
LTD |
| | | | |

Sjaq
.‫الفرا‬ ‫ماجد‬ :‫‫الدكتور‬
‬
‫أبودية‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫إياد‬ ‫محمد‬ :‫الطالب‬ ‫‫اسم‬
‬
202240021 :‫الجامعي‬ ‫‫الرقم‬
‬
The controlling : ‫‫الموضوع‬
‬
What is Controlling
Controlling consists of verifying whether everything occurs in conformities with the plans adopted,
instructions issued and principles established. Controlling ensures that there is effective and efficient
utilization of organizational resources so as to achieve the planned goals.
Controlling measures the deviation of actual performance from the standard performance, discovers
the causes of such deviations and helps in taking corrective actions.
Process of Controlling
:
Process control is extensively used in industry and enables mass production of consistent products
from continuously ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Financial Controls: Financial controls focus on income, expenditures, cash flow, asset mix, and
acquisition of funds and investment of funds.
Informational control: This control helps managers and others get the information they need to make
lamely and intelligent decisions. It focuses on collection processing, storage, security and
dissemination of data at the right time and place, in suitable quantity quality and format.
Operational Controls: This monitors production, marketing finance, and staff process; inventory
control; effectiveness of planning abilities and method used to meet customer needs.
Different Internal Controls:
Generally speaking there are two types: preventive and detective controls. Both types of controls are
essential to an effective internal control system. From a quality standpoint, preventive controls are
essential because they are proactive and emphasize quality. However, detective controls play a
critical role by providing evidence that the preventive controls are functioning as intended:
Preventive Controls are designed to discourage errors or irregularities

Case Study Of Schneider Electric
Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd is a 100% subsidiary of Schneider Electric industries, a globally
known company whose energy efficient solutions are benefitting major population of the world and
also (( is a global specialist in energy management. )) The company's dynamic performance has
already set a standard in the global market and in India its plan to meet the energy standards as well
as corporate social responsibility is ambitious. Schneider has been in India for more than 50 years
and since inception its focus on sustainability and CSR has been aligned to its business process. In
India the company stepped into its first project with a joint venture between Merlin and Gerin with
Tata sons and Voltas in 1963 and in 1995 it became a 100% ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The purpose of this policy is to ensure total satisfaction for all of our customers, shareholders and
employees through the continuous development and improvement of products, services and the
skills of our employees. Our policy of dynamic quality is built on seven principals Constantly
listening to our customers to ensure the sustainable improvement of their satisfaction. Commitment
from all levels of management and employees. Openness of communication. Systematic
measurement and communication of performance. Control and improvement of processes, products
and services. Recognition of exemplary actions. Sharing our quality policy with our internal and
external partners. Dynamic quality is planned Specific plans are deployed through our Annual
Quality Assessment and the progress is measured

Internal Control Essay
Case Study 2 – Internal Control 1. Inform the president of any new internal control requirements if
the company decides to go public
Each of the five components of an internal control system is important. Let us focus on the control
activities. These activities are the backbone of the company's efforts to address the risks it faces,
such as fraud. The specific control activities used by a company will vary depending on
management's assessments of the risks faced. The six principles of control activities are as follows:
a. Establishment of responsibility b. Segregation of duties c. Documentation procedures d. Physical
controls e. Independent internal verification f. Human resource controls All ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
They also recommend improvements when needed.
Human resource controls:
Human resource control activities include the following: a. Bond employees who handle cash –
Bonding involves obtaining insurance protection against theft by employees. It contributes to the
safeguarding of cash in two ways: First, the insurance company carefully screens all individuals
before adding them to the policy and may reject risky applicants. Second, bonded employees know
that the insurance company will vigorously prosecute all offenders. b. Rotate employees' duties and
require employees to take vacations – these measures deter employees from attempting thefts since
they will not be able to permanently conceal their improper actions. c. Conduct through background
checks – Many believe that the most important and inexpensive measure any business can take to
reduce employee theft and fraud is for the human resources department to conduct through
background checks.
2. Advice the president of what the company is doing right (they are doing some things well) and
also recommends to the President whether or not they should buy the indelible ink machine. When
you advise the President, please be sure to reference the applicable internal control principle that
applies.
Some of the things that the company is doing right are: a. Documentation procedures – The
organization uses pre numbered invoices.

Decision For Setting Non Financial Targets Essay
Introduction In the rapidly changing business environment, there is enormous pressure to conduct
activities in a better, controlled and efficient manner. The accelerating change creates uncertainties
and complexities thus creating challenges for management in their strategic plans. Management
cannot continue to rely on Management Accounting Control Systems whose primary emphasis is on
financial targets since such traditional analytical approaches can fail to adapt to the quick and
unexpected economic landscape. This paper provides that managers must not rely on quantitative
performance targets hence supports the argument for setting non–financial targets in organizational
objectives Discussion The measurement of performance is a great challenge in the contemporary
business world since the non–financial targets are hard to ascertain. It implies that an organization
could end up with inefficient and ineffective MACS that lead to poor utilization of resources and
ultimately increase the probability of organizational failure. The increasing strategic uncertainty
creates a problem to quantify the non–financial factors that could be incorporated in internal
controls (Hirst, 1983). Unavailability of qualitative targets also creates cases of dysfunctional
behaviors by subordinates in achieving organizational objectives. For a holistic perspective on
performance, control strategies must incorporate non–financial indicators since the gains are more
than the associated costs (Otley,

Essay about Case Bellagio Questions
Bellagio Questions
Name: Sam Clark
Bellagio Questions
1. Focus on three key roles at mainly three levels of authority in the casino–blackjack dealers, pit
bosses, and the vice president of table games. How would you characterize the "control strategy"
(e.g., tight vs. loose) used over each of these roles?
2. Prepare a list of the controls described in the case. What control problems are they designed to
address? Are the managers interviewed for the case justified in being proud of their company's
control system? Why or why not?
3. Are any of the control systems in place at the Bellagio suitable for firms in other industries?
1. Bellagio uses multiple forms of supervision and surveillance on the blackjack dealers, such as ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This control was designed to fix the errors of the machines as soon as they appear.
F. Controls over cash and credit: a. Individual accountability for cash stocks. This meant that most
personnel who dealt directly with cash were held individually accountable for a specific sum of
money that was charged out to them. This control was designed to address the problem that these
personnel will make mistakes to create any large shortages or persistent patterns of shortages.
b. Formal procedures for transfers. These procedures were called drop standards and required on
transfer. This control was designed to address the problem that employees related to cash or chip
transfer have the chance to steal the money in the procedure.
c. Strict controls over credit issuance. It has 3 parts and all these documents contained a check
number, customer number, shift, pit number, type of table game, table number, date and time, and
the approved dollar amount, in addition to the required employee signatures and ID number. This
control was designed to address the problem that the casino fails to collect the unpaid markers and it
can make sure the collectability of the markers.
d. Tight security in count rooms. Tight security and supervision was necessary in the count rooms to
ensure that the winnings were tallied accurately and that all the money to which the casino was
entitled was added to stores in the casino cage. This control was designed to secure the count

How Technology Has Had Great Benefits On Not Only Disabled...
When I was a child, I did not have a dream of a certain occupation, but I knew what I wanted to do
in the future, a robot leg for my aunt. My aunt is disabled and cannot even stand up. For years as a
child, I thought of how to make legs for my aunt since I wanted her to be able to walk. As I have
grown up, I have witnessed how technology has had great benefits on not only disabled people but
also others. As I discovered my abilities in mathematics and physics and my interest in engineering,
I kept my childhood emotions and wonders: producing and creating innovations which will help not
only my aunt but also all humankind. With these feelings, I enrolled in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering at Bogazici University and started the English Preparatory school. At the end of this
year, I learned about study opportunities for undergraduate in the USA. That summer, I went to the
USA by myself in order to both investigate universities and prepare for the required exams.
Afterward, I came back to Turkey and continued my undergraduate education while preparing for
the exams. I got accepted by several respected schools but even though I tried a lot, I could not find
enough financial support to live in the USA. Therefore, I had to suspend my dream of studying
engineering in the USA. This also had a cost in my undergraduate education: I sacrificed my grades
in my freshmen year for my goal. Despite this, I did not give up my desire of being a great engineer
and carrying out

Disadvantages Of Process Control
Process control plays a crucial role in the chemical engineering industry. The aim of process control
is to have a safe plant operation, to attain the design product output, to obtain quality standards from
maintaining the product composition and to operate at the lowest production cost (Sinnott, 2005). A
process control system is there to eliminate or implement corrective actions on any disturbance that
occurs during operation of a process. Achieving these actions is done through using control loops
that measure specific process variables, compare a desired output to these variables and control
another variable to correct any deviation in the set–point of the system being investigated (Svrcek,
Mahoney, & Young, 2006).
There are several control ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are stable, accurate and have a wide temperature range which has good linear characteristics.
Although they are expensive, the accuracy and low delay time for measurement taking makes them
the appropriate choice. Pressure
Bourdon tube gauges: are the most commonly used devices to measure medium to high pressures.
The tube moves outwards when the pressure inside the tube is higher than the external pressure and
inwards when the internal pressure is lower. this motion is proportional to the pressure that is to be
measured and corresponds to the pointer of the device.
Advantages
Very accurate
Disadvantages
It is not corrosion resistant
Manometers: are U–shaped tube gauges where pressure readings are taken based on the liquid
heights on either side of the tube.
Advantages
Accurate Simple to use
Disadvantages
Obtaining the electronic signals for automated process control is

A Short Note On Automated Car Braking System
Title: Automated car braking system.
Name: BARID, KHURSHEDUL
ID: 13–24026–2
Motivation:
Literature Review:
Automated vehicles are important part of intelligent systems. The main goal of intelligent system is
introduce more automatic features in vehicles by adapting sophisticated control systems, sensors
and computers. These features may vary from vehicles , to a fully automated vehicle where the
driver and passengers are not part of the control system. Partially or fully automated vehicles may
be part of system architectures that include the highways.
Such architectures have been shown to have strong potential for dramatically increasing the capacity
of freeways[l–51 and improving the smoothness of traffic flows [5].
An important component of AVCS is to design control systems for controlling the throttle and brake
so that the vehicle can follow the speed response of the leading vehicle and at the same time keep a
safe intervehicle spacing under the constraint of comfortable driving [6].
Studies on automatic vehicle following go as far back as 1970's [7–81 where throttle and brake
controllers were designed based on simple point mass vehicle models. More complicated vehicle
models were used in the design of automatic vehicle following controllers in
[6,9] where constant intervehicle spacing is desired at all speeds. In order to achieve platoon
stability with desired constant intervehicle spacing, vehicle–to–vehicle communication was shown
to be necessary [9,10]. In [5], it

case study
AirTex Aviation 1. Did AirTex need a new control system at the time of the takeover? * "The
management system that was in place was one woman who magically kept everything in her head.
There was limited and almost incomprehensible formal system." Sarah Arthur, the company's
accountant, had complete autonomy over the company's information, and she kept this information
private. * AirTex was in need of a more formalized accounting system, since accounting was a
central department of the company, and profitability was a key measure to ensure the success of the
company at the time of the takeover. * Also, Ted and Frank had plans to dispose of Sarah Arthur,
who was acting manager upon their arrival. However, given her central role within ... Show more
Although he established a procedure for collections and was constantly monitoring the progress, his
employees were not well compensated for the additional risk that they had to bear. They might
perceive this additional responsibility as frustrating and unfair. It might also reduce their incentive
to take value–maximizing actions, such as choosing a profitable customer, in favor for a customer
who may not be as profitable, but can pay in cash. Benefit: Ted and Frank seem to think they can
more easily chase credit; ensured people are doing it by having an aging receivables charge; if they
get too old, the full amount is charged to the department * Allowed managers to purchase items
externally * Action Controls: Frank and Ted instituted a Daily Department Report, which recorded
operating and accounting information. They also set up a new process for the Parts department,
which included unique identifiers for each inventory item, and a system to ensure that Accounting
could verify each sale at the end of each month. * Ted and Frank made a significant improvement to
the past Accounting system. The new system documents their revenues and decreases their
accounting expenses, which cost them $392,350 in the past. The

Management Control System Budgeting
Management Control System Budgeting
A control system is necessary in any organization in which the activities of different divisions,
departments, sections, and so on need to be coordinated and controlled. Most control systems are
past–action–oriented and consequently are inefficient or fail. For example, there is little an
employee can do today to correct the results of actions completed two weeks ago.
Steering controls, on the other hand, are future–oriented and allow adjustments to be made to get
back on course before the control period ends. They therefore establish a more motivating climate
for the employee.
What's more, although many standards or controls are simply estimates of what should occur if
certain assumptions are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During this period, OPEC caused a fuel crisis and relatively few tourists could travel to Florida. The
hotel manager was penalized for failing to accomplish a standard over which, in this case, he had no
influence.
Finally managers should see that the number of standards assigned, like planning objectives, are
limited and placed in priority order for the employee. If there are too many controls assigned, the
employee will not be able to give enough attention to any of them and will become frustrated and
confused.
Management Planning and Control Systems
Step 2: Measure and compare actual with planned results
As with setting standards, the objectivity of the measurement and the person who measures and
compares the performance are important. Measuring and comparing can be accomplished by the
person performing the task, by the boss, or by a staff person; even an automated system can measure
and compare. From a behavioral standpoint, the last method is the least popular, followed by
measurement by a staff person only.
An employee believes an automated system, a staff person, or even the boss does not know enough
about the conditions of the job to make a fair comparison between actual and planned results.
Also, the employee often distrusts the staff person and sometimes even the boss. At the same time,
the employee is usually not trusted enough by the

Week 3 Case Study 2 Submission Essays
Week 3 Case Study 2 Submission
Asa J Opie
Sec 310
Professor Nerove
Strayer
7–20–2014
Week 3 Case Study 2 Submission A critical infrastructure is defined as any facility, system, or
function which provides the foundation for national security, governance, economic vitality,
reputation, and way of life. (http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_InfoSharing.pdf)In short,
critical infrastructure is by definition essential for the survival of the nation. The USA PATRIOT Act
specifically defines critical infrastructure as "systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, (Jena
Baker McNeill and Richard Weitz, 2010) so vital to the United States that the incapacity or
destruction of such systems and assets would have a debilitating ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
First of all, one could base the concept in notions about the value of human life. This asset value
approach is usually taken when the idea of "continuity" is considered. The way it's usually put is by
saying that the continuity, or continued operation, of a critical infrastructure is essential for the
maintenance of human life and/or the maintenance of some standard of living that people have
become accustomed to. The continuity of critical infrastructure is essential to avoid panic and
hysteria during the impact of a disaster. Every day, a person's life is shaped or affected in some way
by one or more critical infrastructures. Life, as we know it, is not possible without critical
infrastructures, and they are all connected together in a "system of systems" where failure in one can
cascade into a failure of all. This line of thinking is not only important to authorities who want to
make sure that life stays worth living, but it is also the hope and dream of terrorists to find that one
small chunk in the armor which makes the whole house come down. (Jena Baker McNeill and
Richard Weitz, 2010) In other words, terrorism represents the ultimate "anti–continuity." Yet, others
approach the concept of infrastructure as representing those things indispensable for cultural
purposes. This is the thinking behind identification of

Hydraulic Turbine Systems With Elastic Water Column Under...
In this paper, a new probability shaping control method is investigated for hydraulic turbine systems
with elastic water column under stochastic excitations. First, a dissipated Hamiltonian model is
presented for the hydraulic turbine system by utilizing the method of orthogonal decomposition and
feedback theory. Furthermore, in order to obtain a pre–specified stationary probability density
function (SPDF) of turbine system output, a probability shaping control method is designed based
on the technique for obtaining the exact stationary solutions of the dissipated non–integrable
Hamiltonian systems. In addition, the Lyapunov function method is employed to prove the transient
PDF of the controlled system do converge to the pre–specified SPDF. Finally, system simulation
shows effective control results under the proposed control strategy. Hydraulic turbine is a widely
used governing system in hydroelectric plants. It can constantly adjust the active power output of
hydroelectric generating set to guarantee the safe operation of power generation according to
different system requirements. The control for hydraulic turbine plays a key role to retain the
stability of the electric power system. Other than the early research on the linear model of hydraulic
turbine, the nonlinear model–based studies are exploited actively in decades. Most nonlinear models
rely on modern control theories, the main idea of which is that the nonlinear nominal model without
disturbance of power

Polaroid Case Study Essay
BACKDROP
Polaroid is manufacturer of photographic equipment, accessories and related items used in instant
photography. The organization was divided into two main divisions – The Consumer Photography
Division and the Technical and Industrial Division with each of these divisions contributing around
40% of Polaroid's revenues of $ 1.3 billion in 1984.
The company produced two main types of films:
1. The peel apart film which required the user to physically pull the film out of the camera and,
2. The integral film, which came out of the camera automatically.
The integral films were manufactured in the R2 building at the Waltham Massachusetts site. The
operations at R2 included production of sheet metal springs, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This precluded the possibility of finding defects which would occur with imprecisely functioning
cameras.
GREENLIGHT
The project objective was quality monitoring costs reduction while at the same time improving the
quality of the product. The improvements in quality control processes were focused along with
reducing the number of samples. The plan consisted of three distinct elements:
1. Statistical process control would be adapted as processes in control and capable of producing
within specifications would produce more consistent quality.
2. Production operators would be given the process control tools that the process engineering
technicians had been using and in conjunction with sampling would be expected to make disposition
decisions themselves.
3. Quality control auditors would concentrate on training operators and operationalizing
specifications on their new products.

The statistical process control system involving both acceptance sampling and automated process
control was to be implemented. SPC involved testing for productions within a pre–specified range.
If the production went beyond the range, the production process had to be shut down maintenance
was to be called to perform maintenance and recalibration. As a part of the process, the operators
were to take six random measurements of a process characteristic during the course of their shift and
then plot the mean measured value.
This

The Bible & Accounting Fraud
The Bible & Accounting Fraud Liberty University
Abstract
Accounting is an information and measurement system used by mainly all businesses and
organizations to provide relevant, reliable and comparable information about its business activities,
(Wild, & Shaw, & Chiappetta, 2011, p.272). Accounting Information Systems is a
fundamental part of determining the success of an organization. An effective information system
provides Internal controls which consist in policies and procedures implemented by a company to
allow managers to monitor and control business activities. The Bible could be compared to an
organization's Internal Controls in the sense that it is the Holy and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When the time came for the manager to be confronted and give an account, he could not come up
with a single response to deny the accusations and rather went to the debtors and negotiated a debt
settlement with them looking for favor in the eyes of his master and friendship with the debtors
through dishonest negotiations. "He called in each one of his master's debtors and asked, how much
do you owe my master? Nine hundred gallons of oil replied the debtor. The manager told him, take
you bill, sit down quickly and make it four hundred and fifty" (Luke, 16:5–6). We can see how
clever this manager acted in dealing with his past due collection responsibilities and still he was
commended by his master for his clever approach in doing so. Nothing in the parable implies that
the manager repented of his reckless behavior and dishonest actions neither that his job was
restituted in spite of his managerial approach. His negligence in dealing with timely collection of
outstanding receivables jeopardized his job and constituted a loss of assets to his master. We can see
how this rich man had the need for implementing higher standards or Internal controls in the
management of his riches. The apostle Paul warns us in Galatians 5: 19–21, about the condition of
the human heart or flesh, "The acts of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and
debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage,

Permanent Magnet Brushless Direct Current Motors
Permanent magnet brushless direct current motors Nowadays, because of the fast evolution of
electronic device, The recent developments in permanent magnet materials, solid state devices and
microelectronic have led to the appearance of a new energy efficient drives using permanent magnet
brushless direct current motors (PMBLDCM). Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors are preferred
as small horsepower control motors because their efficiency is very high, the operation is in a silent
mode, has a compact form, contains high precision, low maintenance, its structure is simple, and has
a large torque, etc. Hence, it is extensively used in national defense, aerospace, robotics, industrial
process control, precision machine tools, automotive electronics, household appliances and office
automation [1]. However, the problems are found in these motor for variable speed operation over
last decades keeping technology growth in power semiconductors, microprocessors, adjustable
speed drivers control schemes and permanent–magnet brushless electric motor production have
been joined to enable reliable, cost–effective solution for a wide area of adjustable speed
applications. As the name reveals, Brushless motors have no brushes and commutators. In direct
current (brushed) motors, the switching of current in coils of the armature is done using the
combination of brushes and commutators but in the brushless, the commutation process is achieved
with the help of electronic circuit, which

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