About all parts of a computer and their working procedure

1. Assignment
On
Basic parts of computers and how they works
Course Title : Data communication
Course Code : CSE 313
Submitted To
Pranab bondhu nath
Senior Lecturer
Department of CSE
City University
Submitted by
Somaya akter
ID : 1834902142
Batch : 49th
(B)
Department of CSE
City University
Submision date : 21.08.2021

2. Computer
A computer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on
instructions provided by a software or hardware program. It has the ability to accept data (input),
process it, and then produce outputs.
Basic parts of a computer :
Here are the 12 Main Parts of a Desktop PC Computer
• Motherboard
• CPU
• RAM
• GPU (Video Card)
• Storage (Mechanical Hard Disk or SSD)
• Power Supply
• Computer Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Optical Drive (DVD/CD ROM)
• Network Interface Card or WiFi Card
• Desktop Case
Motherboard
A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the
processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card. ... Each type of motherboard is
designed to work with specific types of processors and memory, so they don't work with every
processor and type of memory.

3. CPU
The working of the CPU is defined as a three-step process. First, an instruction is fetched from
memory. Second, the instruction is decoded and the processor figures out what it's being told to
do. Third, the instruction is executed and an operation is performed.
RAM
Computer memory or random access memory (RAM) is your system's short-term data storage; it
stores the information your computer is actively using so that it can be accessed quickly.

4. GPU (Video Card)
A graphics card works along the same principles. The CPU, working in conjunction with
software applications, sends information about the image to the graphics card. The graphics card
decides how to use the pixels on the screen to create the image. It then sends that information to
the monitor through a cable.
Storage (Mechanical Hard Disk or SSD)
Storage houses your applications, operating system and files for an indefinite period. Computers
need to write information and read it from the storage system so the speed of the storage
determines how fast your system can boot up, load and access what you've saved.
Power Supply
A power supply unit (PSU) converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the
internal components of a computer. Modern personal computers universally use switched-mode
power supplies. Some power supplies have a manual switch for selecting input voltage, while
others automatically adapt to the mains voltage.

5. Computer Monitor
A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial form. A monitor
usually comprises the visual display, circuitry, casing, and power supply.Originally, computer
monitors were used for data processing while television sets were used for entertainment.
Keyboard
A keyboard contains many mechanical switches or push-buttons called "keys". When one of
these are pushed, an electrical circuit is closed, and the keyboard sends a signal to the computer
that tells it what letter, number or symbol it would like to be shown on the screen.

6. Mouse
A computer mouse (plural mice, rarely mouses) is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-
dimensional motion relative to a surface. This motion is typically translated into the motion of a
pointer on a display, which allows a smooth control of the graphical user interface of a computer.
Optical Drive (DVD/CD ROM)
An optical disk drive uses a laser to read and write data. ... An optical drive that can work with
multiple types of discs will therefore contain multiple lasers. The mechanism to read and write
data consists of a laser, a lens to guide the laser beam, and photodiodes to detect the light
reflection from the disc.

7. Network Interface Card or WiFi Card
A NIC provides a computer with a dedicated, full-time connection to a network by implementing
the physical layer circuitry necessary for communicating with a data link layer standard, such as
Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Each card represents a device and can prepare, transmit and control the flow
of data on the network.
Desktop Case
The computer case serves mainly as a way to physically mount and contain all of the actual
components inside of a computer, like the motherboard, hard drive, optical drive, floppy disk
drive, etc. They typically come bundled with a power supply.