Marxist feminism views the nuclear family as benefiting capitalism by reproducing the workforce and maintaining workers' fitness at little cost through unpaid domestic labor. Women can be used as reserve labor during economic fluctuations. Radical feminism sees modern societies and families as characterized by patriarchy where men exercise power over women and children. The family is seen as the root of women's oppression and should be abolished through separatism. Liberal feminism takes a more political approach, suggesting legal changes to improve women's social positions and achieve equality within families.

1. Marxist Feminism<br />The nuclear family meets the needs of capitalism for the reproduction and maintenance of class and patriarchal inequality.<br />The family benefits the powerful at the expense of the working class and women.<br />Margaret Benston (1972), argues that the nuclear family provides the basic commodity required by capitalism, i.e. labour power by reproducing and rearing the future workforce at little cost to the capitalist class<br />It maintains the present workforce's physical and emotional fitness through the wife's domestic labour.<br />Women in families can be used as a reserve army of labour to be used in times of economic growth and pushed back into the home during times of economic slow-down.<br />Radical Feminism<br />Kate Millett (1970) see modern societies and families as characterised by patriarchy a system of subordination and domination in which men exercise power over women and children.<br />They argue that the family is the root of all women’s oppression and should be abolished. The only way to do this is through separatism – women must live independently of men.<br />Diana Gittens refers to the concept of age patriarchy to describe adult domination of children, which may take the form of violence against both children and women. Similarly, Delphy and Leonard see the family as a patriarchal institution in which women do most of the work and men get most of the benefit. <br />This patriarchal ideology stresses the primacy of the mother housewife role for women and the breadwinner the family as legitimating violence against women.<br />Liberal Feminism<br />More of a political than a sociological approach and so tends to be more involved with telling us how things should be rather than analysing how they are and how social structures have come to be as they are.<br />This approach has suggested that improvements in women’s social position and within the family can be made by changes in the law. They might therefore point to the equal opportunities legislation of the 1970s (including the equal pay act).<br />This approach has had expose discriminatory practices and it has had legislative success, so it is not surprising that it has the support of most feminists.<br />