for those who wants to research about feminism

1. Feminism
Presented by : Ishwori Shrestha
M. Phil, 13th Batch
Second Semester
24th March, 2015

2. Feminism is
Concerned with exploring the inequalities
that exist between men & women
in society from a female perspective
& illustrate how males dominate social
relationships & restrict the
opportunities of women.

3. Brief Background to Feminism
•Campaigners for equality for women bought about
Feminism.
•At the beginning of the 20th Century, women were
campaigning for equal rights in terms of education,
marriage, employment & politics.
•Second Wave Feminism emerged as a challenge to
existing social theories which were Male-stream,
meaning dominated by male thinkers & therefore
bias, sexist & lacking in emotional focus & a female
Perspective on things.

4. 1. Women share some common interests as members of a group.
The importance of this dimension of collective identity and
interests suggests that other dimensions of collectivity identity
and interests such as citizenship, race/ethnicity, and class are also
important.
2. Women have historically been subject to patriarchal systems or
“structures of constraint” such as social norms, property rights,
and asset distributions.) “Patriarchy” is a set of overlapping
structures of constraint rather than merely a “mode of
production”
3. Patriarchal systems have forced women to “over-specialize” in
providing care, making them vulnerable to exploitation.
Three principles that I think are especially important:

5. Feminists want:
More equal sharing of care between men and women
because gender division of labor puts women at a
disadvantage.
More public support for family work in the form of public
provision and regulation in order to encourage both
men and women to provide care.
More commitment to the development of children’s
Capabilities which should after all be the purpose of
economic development.

6. Biggest problems/questions facing
feminists:Global: weakening of the nation-state, intensification of
competition among capitalist countries, increased inequality of
living standards.
National: how to overcome internal divisions of class,
race/ethnicity and gender to build strong investments in gender
equality, family and community?
Local: what is the best balance between public provision and
family provision of care services?

7. Conclusion
Today, although much have been achieved through campaign
activity, women still earn on average 80% of male earnings for
doing the same job & are still victims of structural, cultural &
economic gender discrimination & inequality.

8. Reference
-Beasley, Chris. (1999). What is Feminism?. New York: Sage.
pp. 3–11.
-Humm, Maggie. 1995. The Dictionary of Feminist Theory.
Columbus: Ohio State University Press, p. 251
- Smith, Bonnie G. (2000). Global feminisms since 1945.
Psychology Press
- www.slideshare.net/moonzajer/feminism-15560282