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2. Facts
 16 billion animals are killed for food
every year in the U.S. - have little legal
protection from cruelty that would be
illegal if it were inflicted on companion
dogs or cats.
 2.27 million animals used in
experiments (Can)
 1.13 million animals used in
experiments (excluding rats, mice,
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and
agricultural animals used in agricultural
experiments), plus an estimated 100
million mice and rats (US)
 Every year, millions of animals are
killed for the clothing industry
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3. Terminology
 A vegan will not eat any animal
products, for example:
 No meat, fish nor other products that
come directly from killing an animal,
such as animal fats and gelatine.
 No dairy products such as cows milk,
cheese and yoghurt; nor goats milk.
 No eggs nor foods containing eggs
 No honey.
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4. Terminology
 Vegetarian
 a person who does not eat or does not
believe in eating meat, fish, fowl, or, in some
cases, any food derived from animals, as
eggs or cheese, but subsists on
vegetables, fruits, nuts, grain, etc.
 Lacto-vegetarian
 is used to describe a vegetarian who does
not eat eggs, but does eat dairy products.
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5.  Ethical vegetarians believe that eating animals
is unnecessary and unethical so they eat
mostly plants (some still eat animal products
(milk, eggs, etc)
 Their argument usually goes something like
this:
 If you can bring about less suffering in the world, then you should.
 Eating meat in general causes a vast amount of unnecessary suffering
in the world.
 By not eating meat, you can decrease the demand for meat and thus
decrease unnecessary suffering.
 Therefore, you shouldn’t eat meat.
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6. Law on Animals
 The law still allows people to squirt weed killer
in a baby’s eyes, inject it with poison, grow
cancers on its back, burn its skin off, expose it
to radiation and eventually kill it, in experiments.
 So long as it’s only an
animal.
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7.  Reasons for Veganism
 Moral/Ethical
 Religious
 Environment
 Health
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8. Looking Out for the Little Guy: Ethics and
Animals
Modern life seems to be expanding the sphere of
ethical consideration. Discouraging racism and
sexism is now mainstream, whereas 200 yeas ago
women and slaves were considered property. Should
we now enlarge the ethical sphere further to protect
animals? Or is it enough to look out for the interests
of our own species?
Animals don’t have dominance over the planet, and
they can’t stand up for themselves the way humans
can. So, if ethics requires humanity to protect
animals, it’s really humanity’s job to take the lead.
The fact that animals suffer seems to suggest that
they deserve some kind of protection, so humanity
has a lot of work to do.
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9. ANIMAL RIGHTS and ANIMAL
WELFARE
The difference between animal rights and animal welfare
has been summed up like this:
“Animal rights advocates are campaigning for NO cages,
while animal welfares are campaigning for BIGGER
cages.
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Animal Welfare – denotes the desire to prevent unnecessary animal suffering
(that is, whilst not categorically opposed to the use of animals, wanting to ensure
a good quality of life and humane death.)
Animal Rights – denotes the philosophical belief that animals should have
rights, including the right to live their lives free of human intervention (and
ultimate death at the hand of humans. Animal rightists are philosophically
opposed to the use of animals by humans.

10. Animal Liberation Movement
•Animal rights began to start in the 17th century
•Animal liberation is a RADICAL idea, not a reformist
one, in that it demands not better treatment of
animals within the present structure of our relations
to them, but rather a fundamental transformation of
those relations.

11. Philosophical Views
Utilitarianism Rights View Contractarianism Feminist Theory
Considering
whether a being is
sentient (able to
feel or perceive
things) and thus
has an interest in
avoiding pain and
experiencing
pleasure
If reducing pain and
promoting pleasure
is what morality is
all about, then
sentience is the
dividing line
between those
beings that are
morally
considerable and
those that are not.
Considers
whether a being
possess the
requisite ability to
conduct their life
as he sees fit and
so is entitled to
be fee from
unnecessary
interference in
doing so
.
A right is a claim
to something,
that is recognized
as a legitimate on
the basis of some
moral or legal
principle.
We only have moral
obligations towards
someone when we
have reached an
agreement. We have
no obligations to
animals at all,
because animals
cannot enter into
conversations with
us.
It sees moral rights
as a social
agreement, in doing
so, it by large
excludes animals
from the moral
community.
I.E – Kicking
someone's dog
Divided on
vegetarianism – meat
eating symbolizes and
reinforces male
dominance in human
society.
Eco-feminists see an
inherent link between
hierarchy and
domination in human
society, particularly
the historical
domination of women
by men, and attitudes
and practices of
human domination
over the non-human
world.

12. Ethical
 Factory Farms
•Debeaking
•Chickens are unable to turn around or
spread their wings
•Dairy Cows chained at the neck
induced with hormones
•Veal – Calves denied mother milk
•Bulls – dehorned and castrated without
any aesthetic
•Killing Methods

13. Religious Ahimsa – Theory of
Nonviolence
 In Hindu, Jain and Buddhist traditions the concept
of nonviolence is translated into the practice of the
following virtues:
 non-injury to all living beings
 not causing pain and suffering to others including
plants and animals.
 compassion towards all living creatures
 abstaining from animal and human sacrifices
 cultivation of forgiveness, universal love and
friendliness
 non-violent reaction to violent thoughts, words and
actions
 mental and verbal nonviolence towards self and
towards others
 abstaining from meat eating
 abstaining from hunting, animal fights and similar
practices in which animals are subjected to cruelty
and suffering.

14. Environmental Reasoning
 Massive meat consumption has led to
numerous environmental problems such as,
water pollution, soil erosion, energy shortages,
and it requires an immense amount of land.
 A 1995 Canadian study proved that the
production of meat requires 10x more energy
than it would to produce grain products
 Animal production has a tremendous effect on
soil due to overgrazing
 Amongst many other reasons

15. According to the ADA, vegetarians are at
lower risk for developing:
 Heart disease
 Colorectal, ovarian, and breast cancers
 Diabetes
 Obesity
 Hypertension (high blood pressure)
 This is because a healthy vegetarian diet is
typically low in fat and high in fiber. However, even
a vegetarian diet can be high in fat if it includes
excessive amounts of fatty snack foods, fried foods,
whole milk dairy products, and eggs. Therefore, a
vegetarian diet, like any healthy diet, must be well
planned in order to help prevent and treat certain
diseases.

16. Health - Cancer
 Cancer mainly plagues western countries like
Canada, Britain, USA – all countries that have a
high intake of animal products
 Numerous scientific studies have proven that
non-vegetarians are 50% more likely to die of
cancer than vegetarians
 1975 – Japanese study –Japanese women who
consumed dairy products and had a traditional
western diet were 8x more likely to develop
breast cancer than those that followed a
traditional Japanese diet.

17. Health-Heart Disease
 Meat causes heart disease due to the
large amount of saturated fat along with
the high amount of cholesterol found in
animal products.
 A vegetarian diet high in fibre helps reduce
cholesterol levels therefore helping to
reduce heart disease.

19. Are there any health risks in
becoming a vegetarian?
 Some vegans may have intakes for vitamin
B-12, vitamin D, calcium, zinc, and
occasionally riboflavin that are lower than
recommended.

20. Omnivores Strike Back!
 Omnivores respond to the vegetarians’ main argument in
two ways: however, these responses aren’t all that
difficult for vegetarians to counter.
 Omnivores deny that eating meat causes vast amount of
suffering in the world. Veg – the modern realities of meat
production aren’t at all like an animal’s life in the wild. In all
likelyhood, the steak you find in supermarkets comes from an
animal that lives out a short, unpleasant life on a factory farm –
not from a wild cow.
 Omnivores deny that abstaining from meat would cause a
decrease in demand for it. Veg – The argument that one person
has no effect doesn’t measure up. Ethical vegs works a lot like
voting. One person’s vote alone can’t elect a politican, but many
like-minded people voting together can. Although an individual
veg may not make much a difference, the ethical veg movement
as a whole makes a huge difference. As wise man once said, “A
waterfall must begin with a single drop of water.”

21.  Vegans Save 198 Animals a Year
The average meat eater eats a half a pig a year. These figures come
courtesy of PETA member and mathematician extraordinaire Noam
Mohr, who has studied government and industry figures and compiled
a report on the number of animals served up on American tables.
 Based on these figures, the average person in a year consumes:
 Roughly 130 shellfish
 40 fish
 26 chickens
 One turkey
 Nearly half a pig
 A little more than a tenth of a cow
 Since vegans eat no animals, each vegan saves nearly 200
animals per year. Of course, these are animals who won't be torn out
of their ocean homes or confined to cramped, filthy barns, cages, and
pens before being hung upside down on the slaughter line and having
their throats cut. Yay, vegans!
 So the next time someone asks you why you're a vegetarian, tell him
or her that you have about 200 really good reasons.

22. Summary – Why I’m Vegan
1. Ethics - Killing any living creature is wrong. Might does not
make right.
2. Religion - Ahmisa – Theory of Nonviolence
3. Environment - Eating vegan is more environmentally efficient
than feeding the animals in a meat-based diet. Veganism also
greatly reduces the wastes, pollution, and deforestation
caused by mass raising of animals.
4. Health - The primary benefits are: weight loss, lower
cholesterol and blood pressure, less use of medication,
avoiding surgery and cancer, feeling more energized, and
looking great.

23. Conclusions
 According to Aristotle, the Greek philosopher,
the main distinguishing factor that differentiates
humans from animals is the ability to reason.
 Although humans are animals, we are also
rational beings and have the ability to use
reason. Humans should use this sense of
reason and follow a vegan or vegetarian
lifestyle, as that is the only ethical solution.
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