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ASSIGNMENT
Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be
approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
Question1. Describe the process and principles of modelling in detail.
Answer1. Process models are processes of the same nature that are classified together into a
model.Thus,aprocessmodel isa descriptionof aprocessat the type level.Since the process model
isat the type level,aprocessisaninstantiationof it.The same processmodel is used repeatedly for
the development of many applications and
Question2. a. Discuss any four applications of linear programming.
Answer2a. Four applications of linear programming are as follows:
1. Marketing applications:
DRIVE SUMMER 2016
PROGRAM MBA
SEMESTER II
SUBJECT CODE & NAME MB0048
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
BK ID B2068
CERDIT 4
MARKS 60

2.  Main application of linear programming in marketing is “media selection”.
 Linear programming can be used to help marketing managers allocate a fixed
budget to various advertising media.
 The main objective is to
b. An organisation produces X1 and X2 units of products R and S,
respectively. In this case, the objective function and constraints are
expressed as follows:
Maximise Z = 60X1 + 120X2
Subject to, 3X1 + 6X2 ≤ 240 Raw material constraint
2X1 + 4X2 ≤ 800 Labour hours constraint
X1, X2 ≥ 0 Non-negativity condition
Use graphical method to determine how many units of products R and S the
organisation should produce to maximise its profits.
Answer 2(b) - Here,
We have to maximise Z = 60X1 + 120X2
Subject to,
3X1 + 6X2 ≤ 240
Question3.a. Explain the concept of Trans-shipment.
Answer3(a). Transhipment is the act of off-loading a container from one ship and loading it onto
anothership. Inany service operatedbyanyline there are practical restrictionsintermsof coverage
of ports..There is no shipping line that can cover all ports around the world on a single service and
therefore the services are segregated into trade lanes.
Let’s say there is a liner service that connects

3. b. Solve the following transportation problem using North-west corner
method & Matrix minimum method.
Answer3(b).
The
Question4. The processing time of four jobs and five machines (in hours,
when passing is not allowed) is given in following table
a. Find an optimal sequence for the above sequencing problem.
b. Calculate minimum elapsed time & idle time for machines A, B, C, D & E.
Answer4.

4. The Processing time for the new problem is given below:
Question5. Define following criteria’s used for decision making under
Uncertainty
a. Optimism (maximax or minimin) criterion
Answer 5(a).
Maximax (Optimist)
The maximax looks at the best that could happen under each action and then chooses the action
with the largest value. They assume that they will get the most possible and then they take the
action with
b. Pessimism (maximin or minimax) criterion
Answer5(b).
Maximin (Pessimist)
The maximin person looks at the worst that could happen under each action and then choose the
actionwiththe largestpayoff.Theyassume that the worst that can happen will, and then they take
the action with
c. Equal probabilities (Laplace) criterion
Answer5(c).
Laplace criterionisalsocalledaslawof equal probabilities criterion or criterion of rationality, since
probabilityof statesof nature are not knownitisassumedthatall statesof nature will occurin equal
probability. I.e. assign an equal probability. The Laplace criterion uses all the information by
assigning equal

5. d. Coefficient of optimism (Hurwicz) criterion
Answer5(d).
A compromise between the maximax and maximin criteria. The decision maker is neither totally
optimistic (as the maximax criterion assumes) nor totally pessimistic (as the maximin criterion
assumes).
e. Regret (salvage) criterion
Answer5(e).
The minimizationof regretthatishighestwhenone decisionhasbeenmade insteadof another. In a
situationinwhichadecisionhas been made that causes the expected payoff of an event to be less
than expected, this criterion e
Question6. Explain the following:
a. Economic Order Quantity(EOQ)
Answer6(a).
Economicorderquantity(EOQ) isan equationforinventorythatdeterminesthe ideal orderquantity
a companyshouldpurchase for its inventory given a set cost of production, demand rate and other
variables. This is done to minimize variable inventory costs, and the formula takes into account
storage, or holding, costs, ordering
b. PERT and CPM
Answer6(b).
PERT standsfor Program EvaluationReview Technique, a methodology developed by the U.S. Navy
in the 1950s to manage the Polaris submarine missile program. A similar methodology, the Critical
Path Method (CPM) was developed for

6. c. Applications of queuing models
Answer6(c).
QueueingTheoryhasawide range of applications,andthissectionisdesignedtogive an illustration
of some of these. It has been divided into 3 main sections, Traffic Flow, Scheduling and Facility
DesignandEmployee Allocation. The givenexamples are certainly not the only applications where
queuing theory can be put to good
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