prof. Sofia Morgado, Technical University of Lisbon "III Wymiar przestrzenny inteligentnego rozwoju"

1. SPATIAL
EFFECTS?
SOFIA MORGADO
CIAUD • Faculty of Architecture U
Lisbon
smorgado@fa.ulisboa.pt
http//: murbs.fa.ulisboa.pt

2. Others, to become a sophisticated entrepreneur
Sometimes we need to cross the desert

3. …or we’re in the mood [urge!] to being CREATIVE!

4. AN IMPERFECT TIME

5. In a period marked by successive crises
modern unity fascicules.
The European political reconfiguration after
the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989 and its
enlargement introduces a new era.
Current conjuncture emphasises:
From the 70’s, POST leads:
• Post-Industrial, (D. Bell, 1967)
• Neoliberal models, namely in the
• Post City Age, (Melwin Webber, 1967)
government of cities (ex: London)
• Posturbain, (Françoise Choay, 1970)
• Regional separatisms leading to cultural
• Post-modern condition (Lyotard and Harvey)
differentiation (ex: Spain)
• Vattimo would state the acceptance of what is
• Post-secularization exacerbation (ex: Islamic
human, ephemeral, the mistake.
spring from 2010 on, amongst others)
• Jürgen Habermas, would focus on
communication, public realm, everyday life.
In the light of an ever faster present some will
surprise themselves with the proposal of:
• The End, Eisenman
• A never ending race, Virilio
In Urbanism two paths would began to differ:
• POST-INDUSTRIAL with concrete functional
and configuration effects - regional
• POSTMODERN AS AN AESTHETICS –
sometimes too local

6. SCARCITY?

7. Scarcity Age is an expression that starts
appearing the press, blogs, social networks,
with a growing importance since 2000, in the
US economy agendas.
Two facts would trigger completely new
dynamics:
While progressive modern cities would expand,
nowadays cities are under an eviction
processes:
• The evidence of shrinkage (Oswalt, 2006)
― Ageing
― Forced migration by unemployment rates
― Loss of qualified active population
― Reduction of quality of life
• 9/11: terrorism in real time anywhere and
the end of state’s laicism
• The subprime crisis, from 2006: originates a • The growth of countryside onto the city
(Agnoletto e Guerzoni, 2012), by means of:
global financial crash, deploying the EURO
zone crisis
― Rural activities in urban land and shared
management of a collective landscape with
aesthetic and social values;
― Production of food and energy respecting
Beyond direct social impacts what used to be
the environment (Mostafavi e Doherty, G.,
collective – by human rights and not only civil
ed, 2010);
– dims, such as the welfare culture began after ― However without economic strength besides
the WWII
subsistence
Resources might not be lesser but they
become more difficult to access and people
start even accepting it as an inevitability
IS IT, THUS, A STRUCTURAL SCARCITY?
• Decrease of a range of resources [or
segregation on obtaining them]
―Social and economic (healthcare and
education)
―Institutional failure
―New forms of civic platforms
―Emergence of collective cultural and creative
innovation
Urbanism was invented as a response to the city that grew over the country side
How may it be used when the country is growing into the city?

8. REINVENTING

9. We might find ourselves on the threshold of a Beyond the functional dimension of regional
brand new field of design:
and urban planning the idea of a Metropolitan
Design gains consistency and legitimacy, by :
• Focusing in the open space system in their
• Evolving from a Landscape Urbanism
close interface with the urban fabrics
(Waldheim, 2006) to an Ecological Urbanism
(Mostafavi, Doherty, 2010).
• By reinventing the range of qualities of the
public space realm
• Seeking for a new support of reconstitution:
aesthetic, morphological, systemic,
• In a perspective of a shared responsibility, by
functional (Llop, Bosc, 2012).
allowing the citizens to directly participate in
the maintenance of the project - ex: food
areas (already , PDM Lisbon, 2012)
The production and design of the
Especially
Metropolitan realm promotes:
• when considering bio, eco, environmental
• An epistemological dimension by assuming
systems consistent with designed and
the existence of a metropolitan morphology:
meaningful spaces
urban, rural, other fabrics;
• It is rooted in the early Urbanism invention,
considering now an upgrade to include
flexibility and multilevel tools
• Identifies the open space system as the
element with the strongest capacity to
design these days ‘cities

10. INDUSTRIAL MODELS
MODERN CITY
Physical Planning, Formal Urbanism:
Modern and Garden City Concepts
Urban Expansion and Housing development
Port and Railway development
Green Belt Concept /Rural Transition
Metropolitan centralities and land uses
POST-INDUSTRIAL MODELS
KNOWLEDGE AND CREATIVE BASED ECONOMIES
Strategic Planning, Plan-Process approach:
Urban requalification and regeneration concepts
Metropolitan corridors and ecological network
Urban requalification, heritage and sustainability
ESDP (EC, 1999)
SUSTAINABILITY
POLYCENTRICISM
KNOWLEDGE INFRASTRUCTURES
LISBON STRATEGY (EC, 2009)
TERRITORIAL COHESION
COMPETIVENESS
Space and Environmental Design-Oriented
EUROPE 2020 (EC, 2013)
SMART, SUSTAINABLE AND INCLUSIVE
ECONOMY [GROWTH]
Social and Environmental Capital - Oriented
Resilience-oriented planning concepts and policies:
Multi-level, flexibility, adjustment capacity
Metropolitan centralities and sustainability
Metropolitan Ecological Network, Environmental and
risk assessment,
Shrinkage prevention – mixed land uses and higher
connectivity and multimodal networks
EUROCITIES Priorities:
Climate, Inclusion, Recovery
Climate adaptation; Cohesion policy; Creative
industries; Employment; Energy efficiency;
Entrepreneurship; Green growth; Housing &
homelessness; Innovation; Migration & integration;
Mobility; Poverty & exclusion; Services &
procurement; Smart cities; Social innovation; Urban
planning & regeneration; Youth & education

11. • POLITICAL AND FINANCIAL PRIORITIES AND AIMS
• A SMART, SUSTAINABLE, INCLUSIVE ECONOMY
• SEVEN FLAGSHIP INITIATIVES
SMART GROWTH
digital agenda for Europe
innovation union
youth on the move
THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY IS THE EU'S
GROWTH STRATEGY FOR THIS DECADE
FIVE TARGETS TO REACH BY 2020:
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
resource-efficient Europe
an industrial policy for the globalisation era
INCLUSIVE GROWTH
an agenda for new skills and jobs
European platform against poverty
1. EMPLOYMENT: 75% of 20-64 year-olds should
be in employment
2. R&D/INNOVATION: 3% of the EU's GDP (public
and private) should be invested in
R&D/innovation
3. CLIMATE CHANGE: the EU aims to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions by 20% (or even 30%)
compared to 1990 levels, and aims to get 20% of
its energy from renewable energy sources and
increase energy efficiency by 20%
4. EDUCATION: reduce school dropout rates to
below 10%; at least 40% of 30-34 year olds should
have completed third level education
5. POVERTY/SOCIAL EXCLUSION: reduce the
number of people living in or at risk of poverty
and social exclusion by 20 million
Available at: http://www.eurocities.eu

12. THE MAIN PRIORITIES TO THE CITIES ARE:
The concept of a ‘SMART CITY’ is now being
used to describe:
CLIMATE
INCLUSION
RECOVERY
• Modern urban competitiveness
• Growing importance of social and
environmental capital in profiling the
Urban performance is no longer just
attractiveness of a city.
dependant on a city's hard infrastructure – its • Information and communication
'physical capital' - but increasingly on the
technologies (ICTs)
availability and quality of communication and • towards an efficient use and consumption of
social resources.
energy.
A SMART CITY must be a good place to live,
offering the best possible quality of life with
the lowest possible use of resources.
[…] towards a healthy, energy-efficient city that
uses renewable energy sources as much as
possible, and is a pioneer in the deployment of
advanced smart and ICT-based technologies.
[…] an inclusive place, using technology and
innovative solutions to improve social inclusion
and combat poverty and deprivation.
Available at: http://www.eurocities.eu

13. LISBON (CML)
Some recent initiatives promoted by the City
Council and strategic partners, in close relation
with the Master Plan for the City
Festival In: Innovation and Creativity Festival
November 2013; Warm up, May 2013
http://www.festivalin.pt/
Lisbon’s incubator network,
An ecosystem for entrepreneurs; city’s strategy for
economy and innovation; connects six incubators;
August 2013; http://www.incubadoraslisboa.pt
FabLab Lisboa
[Fabrication Laboratory; low cost production using
cork], Sep 2013; http://fablablisboa.pt/; FabLab
network; http://www.fablabinternational.org

14. NOT SMART ENOUGH YET, however
EUROPEAN COMPANIES AND REGIONAL LEADERS AGREE ON ACTION PLAN TO MAKE EUROPE'S CITIES SMARTER
Cities are the major source of European economic activity and of innovation.
We can and we should make cities better places to live and to work in.
Our cities can become cleaner and healthier and use less energy.
They can be Smart Cities.
EUKN/European Urban Knowledge Network, the 18th November 2013, http://www.eukn.org/
LISBON
THE SEXIEST CITY
IN THE WORLD
[Theme drawn by António Costa, Mayor of
Lisbon, Festival In Round table, at the 16th
November 2013)

15. smart - capable of
smart - elegant and stylish;
S.M.A.R.T. is an acronym for
independent an acronym for the 5
and
S.M.A.R.T. is
"chic elegance"; "a smart
a monitoring system for
apparently intelligent for results or
stepsdress"; "a a plan
new to action suit of
computer hardware such as
action; "smart weapons alertness and calculation and
smart[business] mental
goals - showing voguish
voguish cut "chic,
hard disk drives intelligent - having the capacity for
to detect
"automatic - operating
resourcefulness
Specific,
stylish, fashionable - having
incompatibility
with minimalreason especially to a high degree; "an
human
thought andtaste or
Measurable,
elegance or
Selfintervention; independent
intelligent question" or
Achievable [attainable]
refinement in manners
-Monitoring,
of external control;
Relevant little less posh but
dress; "a [realistic]
Analysis and
"automatic transmission";
Time-based stylish as Lord
every bit as
Reporting deficit that
"a budget
PW";
Technology.
caused automatic spending
cuts"