The comparison is made based on the 2 different philosophies. NATM has evolved based on the 21-22 principles of Rabcewiez . Some of the principles of this philosophy have been utilised by many techniques along with different advancements like SCL ( Sprayed Concrete Lining) , SEM (Sequential Excavation Method) etc. Similarly, the German Remaining Core Philosophy is also being utilised in suitable ground conditions along with advanced techniques like screen pipes etc.

1. Saqib Khursheed Wani
2023PTE0073
M.Tech Semester 2
Tunnel Engineering
Civil Department
CLASSICAL
VS
MODERN METHOD OF
TUNNELING
Seminar Presentation
in submission of
Tunnel Excavation Methods
and its Philosophies
NATM
NEW
AUSTRIAN
TUNNELLING
METHOD
GERMAN
REMAINING
CORE
TUNNELLING
METHOD
linkedin.com/in/wani-saqib
wanisaqibkhursheed@gmail.com
(MODERN) (CLASSICAL)

2. 01
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04
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02
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Application of the
primary lining to
reach equilibrium at
the optimum
deformation with
possible additional
support elements,
such as rock bolts,
steel arches, ribs etc.
Utilisation of central core
in order to withstand
major deformations while
excavation
vs
NATM
NEW
AUSTRIAN
TUNNELLING
METHOD
GERMAN
REMAINIG
CORE
TUNNELLING
METHOD
Utilisation of
surrounding ground as a
part of support is the
main concern.
MAIN PRINCIPLE
THIN PRIMRARY
LINING
Closing the ring at
an appropriate
time by using the
ground support
interaction curve
and monitoring the
ground response
with systematic
measuring systems
RING CLOSURE
TIME
Stabilisation of the
tunnel by use of a
secondary lining
(consideration of
complex soil conditions.
SECONDARY LINING
Initially the
section is driven
around the
periphery along
with the provision
of side lining
along the
perimeter
INITIAL SIDE
LINING
• Invert side headings
as pilot tunnel
• Reduction of side
pressure and
settlement.
• Crown support by
remaining core.
• Economic for large
sections.
PROS
MAIN PRINCIPLE
• Crown loosening.
• Late invert closure
• Slow rate
• expensive for smaller
cross sections.
CONS
Karakuş, M., and R. J. Fowell. "An insight into the new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM)." 7th Regional Rock Mechanics Symposium, Sivas, Turkey. 2004.