This document presents research on developing zinc-based marine coatings as a more sustainable alternative to traditional tin and copper-based coatings. The research focuses on synthesizing zinc hydroxide nanoparticles within a rosin-based resin to provide antifouling properties while being environmentally friendly. Such coatings could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ships and lessen the impact on marine ecosystems compared to conventional coatings. The coating is produced through a one-pot synthesis of zinc nanoparticles within a bio-based rosin source. Testing of the coatings indicates potential for improved antifouling performance and fuel efficiency for ships when applied.

1. ZINC-BASED MARINE COATINGS:
A POTENTIAL SOLUTION FOR SUSTAINABLE
TOMORROW
PRESENTED BY: IKKADEEP KAUR
INSTRUCTOR: DR PHIL MAGILL

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Methods & Technology
 Zinc Nanoparticles Synthesis
 Bio-Based Rosin Source
 One Pot Synthesis of Rosin Based Zinc Resin
 Preparation of Zinc Resin Coating
 Environmental Impact
 Economic Projection
 Challenges & Results
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Marine Biofouling Challenges:
 Accumulation of
microorganisms, algae, and
animals on ship surfaces.
 Causes corrosion, reduces
ship speed, and leads to
machinery malfunctions.
 Issues with Traditional Coatings:
 Tin and copper-based coatings
contribute to environmental
harm.
 Release a large number of
ions, impacting marine
ecosystems
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1: Biofouling of Ships [6]

4. Research Focus:
Zinc hydroxide nanoparticles in rosin-
based resin.
Aimed at enhancing antifouling properties
while being environmentally friendly.
Reduces fuel consumption, and maintains
efficiency.
Represents a crucial step towards
sustainable marine solutions.
Figure 2: Coating of Ship [7]

6. METHODS AND TECHNOLOGY
•Utilization of Plant-Derived Sources
•Reduction of Zinc Salts with Plant
Extracts
•Addition of NaOH as Solvent to Zinc
Nanoparticles
•Induces Formation of Zinc
Hydroxide
•Zinc
Nanoparticles
Synthesis
• Sourced from Nerpa Polymers;
Supplier of Bio-Derived Material
• Obtained from Renewable Resources,
Environment Friendly
Bio-Based
Rosin Source:
Figure 3: ZnNPs Synthesis [4]
Figure 4: Biobased Rosin [5]

7. •Mix the ZnNPs, Rosin, xylene,
alcohol, and acetate in a Flask
•Stir Mixture at 85°C for 3-4 Hours
•Dehydrate Mixture Until
Transformation
•Results in Light Brown Transparent
Polymer Solution
•One Pot
Synthesis
of Rosin
Based Zinc
Resin
• Cut ABS into various sizes
• Dilution of Zinc Resin using Solvent
Mixture; Xylene: Butyl Alcohol:
Butyl Acetate = 4:1:4 Mass Ratio
• Brush-Painting onto Rough ABS
Panels
• Coatings Allowed to Dry for
Subsequent Experiments
Preparation
of Zinc
Resin
Coating
Figure 5: Preparation of Zinc Resin Coating and
Chemical Reaction of synthesis of Zn Resin Polymer
[2]

8. Environmental
Impact
Fuel &
Emissions
Reduction
Longevity &
Maintenance
Green Synthesis
of Zinc
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Advancements
Use of Rosin - a
Biobased
Material
Antifouling and
Antibacterial
Properties

9. ECONOMIC PROJECTION
 The cost of transitioning to eco-friendly coatings might be high
due to research, development, and implementation expenses.
 However, Lower fuel consumption and increased operational
efficiency resulted in substantial cost savings over time.
 This aligns with consumer demand for sustainable products,
creating market opportunities.

10. CHALLENGES
Real-world
Efficacy
Validation
Optimal Zinc
Resin
Composition
Regulatory
Compliance &
Standards
Uniform
Application &
Adhesion
Stability
Across
Marine
Environments
SOLUTION/RESULTS
Research,
Testing &
Collaboration
for
Standardization
Innovative &
Development
Approach

11. CONCLUSION
 Synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles within rosin-based resin for eco-friendly
antifouling coatings.
 Potential to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and lessen dependence on
copper and tin.
 Protection of aquatic environments while enhancing antifouling performance.
 Comprehensive study integrating chemical, physical, environmental, and
economic factors.
 Expected positive impact on the maritime industry, promoting sustainable
marine surface protection.

12. REFERENCE
[1] Zhou, W., Zhou, Y., Ni, C., Yu, L., Li, C., Yan, X., & Zhang, X. (2021). Research on electromagnetic wave absorption properties of zinc-based acrylate
resins for marine antifouling coating. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 900, 163285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.163285
[2] Yebra, D. M., Kiil, S., & Dam-Johansen, K. (2003). Antifouling technology—past, present and future steps towards efficient and environmentally friendly
antifouling coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 50(2), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2003.06.001
[3] Zhou, W., Wang, Y., Ni, C., & Yu, L. (2021). Preparation and evaluation of natural rosin-based zinc resins for marine antifouling. Progress in Organic
Coatings, 157, 106270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2021.106270
[4] Rehana, D., Mahendiran, D., Kumar, R. S., & Rahiman, A. K. (2017). In vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles
synthesized using different plant extracts. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 40(6), 943–957. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-017-1758-2
[5] Wang, J., Lu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, C., & Chu, F. (2018). Preparation and characterization of natural rosin stabilized nanoparticles via mini emulsion
polymerization and their pressure-sensitive adhesive applications. Industrial Crops and Products, 124, 244–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.079
[6] Adam, D. (2022, July 13). Blistering barnacles! the sticky problem of biofouling. China Dialogue Ocean.
https://chinadialogueocean.net/en/climate/blistering-barnacles-the-sticky-problem-of-biofouling/
[7] P, V. (2021, September 27). Marine Anti-Fouling Coatings Market - Forecast(2021 - 2026). LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/marine-anti-
fouling-coatings-market-forecast2021-2026-pothuraju/

13. SMALL STEPS TODAY, SUSTAINABLE
IMPACT TOMORROW.
THANK YOU