Absorption,Utilization,Sources, Deficiency, Toxicity

2. 
Essential trace elements for humans, animals and
plants

Naturally present in some foods, added to others,
and available as a dietary supplement

Involved in numerous aspects of cellular
metabolism

Required for the catalytic activity of approximately
100 enzymes

3. 
Average Adult Body: 1.4-2.5 g Zn

Typically found in bone, prostate, choroid of
the eye

90% total body zinc are found in the bone
and skeletal system

0.5% total body zinc are found in the blood

Plasma zinc level: 75 – 120 ug/dL

4. 
An essential component of several metalloenzymes

Development of male reproductive functions and formation of
testosterone

An accelerator of wound healing and for a normal sense of taste

Vital for the immune system

Vital for growth and cell division

Vital for vision

5. 
Hydrolization
Zinc must separate from the amino acids which takes place in the stomach

Absorption
It occurs along the upper jejunum which comes from food or from
enteropancreatic circulation of endogenous zinc,
Zinc may pass to the enterocytes by passive diffusion (at very high intestinal
concentrations)
Absorption Enhancers
The presence of substances that bind with zinc and help carry it across to
the enterocytes enahnce zinc absorption
Presence of glucose, lactose, soy protein, meat protein, Vitamin C,
glutamate, citrate
Amino acids: histidine, cysteine, methionine

6. Absorption Inhibitors
Absorption of zinc decreases with fiber, phytate, copper, calcium,
phosporus, cadmium, casein

Transport and Storage
It is carried through the bloodstream bound to albumin and taken to the
liver before redistribution to other tissues.
Zinc that is not needed immediately is stored throughout the body.

Excretion
It is excreted through feces. Significant amounts are lost from the urine,
hair loss, and sweating.

8. The major sources of zinc are found in animal foods like:
o
Milk
o
Beef meat
o
Liver
o
Oysters
o
Eggs
o
Crimni mushrooms
o
Spinach
o
Pumpkin seeds
o
Green Peas
o
Nuts
o
Legumes
o
Whole grain cereals
o
Wheat and bran
Note: Availability is less in plants sources.. Food processing removes a
large proportion of zinc as well as other trace elements.

9. Zinc deficiency is characterized by:

retardation

loss of appetite

impaired immune function

alopecia

diarrhea

delayed sexual maturation

Impotence in males

eye and skin lesions

10. 
People with gastrointestinal and other diseases

Vegetarians

Pregnant and lactating women

Older infants who are exclusively breastfed

People with sickle cell disease

Alcoholics

11. 
Acute adverse effects of high zinc intake include nausea,
vomiting, loss of appetite, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and
headaches.

It has an effect of decrease in HDL-cholesterol in adult males.

Associated with inhalation of zinc chloride from industrial pollution,
causing loss of iron from the liver and a loss of copper.