This document summarizes a presentation by Habib GUERGACHI on modern architectures. It discusses how companies like Amazon, eBay, Facebook and Twitter handle large numbers of users and transactions through architectures focused on high availability, low response times, and scalability. It also discusses key concepts like CAP theorem, eventual consistency, and moving to more loosely coupled service-oriented architectures that leverage web technologies.

1. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Modern Architectures
Habib GUERGACHI - Senior IT Architect
hgu@zenexity.com - twitter : @hguergachi
30/09/2010
web sites :
www.zenexity.com - www.zengularity.com - www.playframework.org

2. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Habib GUERGACHI
Séminaires vendus par Capgemini :
• Urbanisme et Architectures Techniques
• EAI, ESB, Intégration, Orchestration des services
• Web Services : l'état de l'art
• Référentiels d'Entreprise
• Architectures collaborative : état de l’art
• Portails d'Entreprise : l'état de l'art
Actuellement :
• Co-Fondateur, avec Guillaume BORT, et PDG de Zenexity
• Cabinet de conseil en Software Design & Pure Web Oriented Architecture
• www.zenexity.com - www.zenminaires.com - www.zengularity.com
• Sponsor des projets Open Source :
- Play!Framework : plate-forme de développement d’applications web en Java
- Capdémat : plate-forme de dématérialisation de téléprocédures
- PlayApps.net : Platform As A Service
- Lucky : framework java de développement de web mobile applications
• Créateurs : « Urbanisme BU », « Coefficient d’Intégrabilité », « Méthode d’analyse d’Ecart Dynamique»
Histoire :
• Centralien, 42 ans, 19 ans d’expérience, financièrement totalement autonome.
• Architecte Technique Senior à la Direction Centrale des Systèmes d’Information d’AXA
• Architecte Technique à la direction de la Stratégie Des SI de la Société Générale
• Membre du Comité Exécutif et CTO du groupe SQLI
Missions clients (communication autorisée dans le NDA) :APHP,AXA, BNP PARIBAS, BOLLORE,
BUREAUVERITAS, CARREFOUR, CASINO, CDC IXIS, CG 17, CG 95, CISAC, CIVITAS, CNCE, CNP,
COMMISSION EUROPEENNE, CREDIT AGRICOLE, DECATHLON, DEXIA, EDF, ENTENIAL, FNMF,
Fondation de France, FOYER ASSURANCES, INSEE, LCL, MAIF, MEDERIC, MINISTERE EQUIPEMENT,
MINISTERE DE L’INTERIEUR, MSA, NATEXIS, OCP-GEHIS, PIERRE FABRE, PMU, RTE, SNEF, SOCIETE
GENERALE, SONEPAR, SUISSE ASSURANCES,TOTAL, etc.

3. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Legacy Architectures
• 100 K users
• Consistence : using ACID transaction
• Availability : by clustering and licenses purchasing
• Partitioning : unknown
• Performance = CPU powered

4. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Modern Architectures
• Amazon (millions users)
• eBay (20 000 Serveurs)
• Facbook (0,6 Servers)
• Twitter (50 M users)
• Salesforce (million users)
• Google (2 M Servers)
• etc.

5. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
They handle a terrific number
of transactions & data,
nevertheless they provide
• High availability
• Low time response
• Scalable architecture “more machines = more
user supported & time response enhancement”
• Happy user experience

6. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
What do they do ?
• Avoid heavy Architecture Approaches (Togaf, Modaf,
Dodaf, Zachman, Praxeme, Ceisar, etc.) .
• They don’t force users to write business requirements
for the N next years.
• Managers were IT Architects, who were Software
Designers who were Programmers hired by hard
selection and very well paid.
• They bring up and farm IT expertise inside their
company.
• They hire experts and never buy man-day.

7. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Why do they do things
this way ?
• They are convinced that:
- final user has total control on business outcome
- the competition is tough
- competition is in innovation not production
- at the first bad experience, the user zap, at the
second one, he flings up your web site and get
back to competitors.

8. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
What are they secrets ?
• CAP & Sacrifice Consistency
• Relax coupling
• Functional compensation
• Stateless services
• mapReduce
• Software Factory
• Total control of Impact Analysis.

9. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
from Talk to theorem
• At PODC 2000, Brewer, in an invited talk,
made the CAP conjecture.
• In 2002, Seth Gilbert and Nancy Lynch of
MIT published a formal proof of Brewer's
CAP conjecture, establishing it as a
theorem

10. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
CAP
• In general, current systems are choosing to
ensure data consistency and availability at
the expense of partitioning
• These systems can be implemented only as
clusters which is not compatible with the
modern needs as interaction of
heterogeneous and independent IS

11. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
C+P
• DTP (XA, XA+) (ENCINA,TOP END,
MTS,TUXEDO, M3, CORBA OTS, etc.)

12. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
C+A
• Data must be localized on one node
• Require Data Cluster (Master Slave, active-
active, active passive, etc.)
• Not compatible with needs of interactions
between heterogeneous and independent
IS

13. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
A+P
• A Partionned System who needs to assure
Availability calls for loosely coupled
communication IS.
• Loosely coupling assumes each node has it’s
own vision of the values of the data !

14. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
CAP
What is the main design
feature of modern IS ?
Partioning

15. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
CAP
• Partioning is an intrinsic property of
modern web architectures
• The second property is
Consistency
Availability
vs

16. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
“eventual consistency”
• Ensures that if no update happens during a
certain period of time, the data system will
be entirely consistent.
• The period of time above is called “window
of temporal inconsistency”

17. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
How can you do ?
Mindset Shift

18. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Forget Enterprise
• DCE, CPRBA, DCOM, SOAP/WSDL,WS-*, EJB,
Workflow Broker, EAI, MDM, BRMS, Enterprise Portal,
Enterprise Document Management,“Enterprise
Architecture”, etc.
• believe in the end of software editors era
• don’t let yourself overawed by liquid concepts
inventors (Togaf, Ceisar, etc.)
*

19. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Believe in the Web
• As 2 000 000 000 people did
• Bow before final users
• Nothing new to buy, it’s already there, it’s
open, and it works.

20. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Now, what do you have
to do ?
• Build the future IS for your clients not for
internal user.
- Use Web
- Consider internal users as clients with a specific
profile.
- Consider everything is distributed
- A choice that seems appropriate today may be
obsolete tomorrow

21. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Tomorrow 9.00 AM
• Two big projects :
- Renovate the legacy to make it
interoperable with the web
- Be sure to design and implement web native
interoperable applications.

22. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
focus on 2 topics
• Web for interaction logic
- Web! (HTML 5,Web OS, etc.)
• Services for Business Logic
- Web Services (WOA, ROA, REST)

23. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Topic 1
Web for
User Interaction Logic

24. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
In 2006

25. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Today

26. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Operating System
Audio Vidéo
The Browser on the OS in 2006
3D
Printer
Network
Dispaly
Phones
Keyboard Mouse Graphic Pad

27. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Operating System
Audio Vidéo 3D
Printer
Network
Dispaly
Phones
Keyboard Mouse Graphic Pad
The Browser on the OS in 2010

28. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Audio Vidéo 3D
Printer
Network
Dispaly
Phones
Keyboard Mouse Graphic Pad
The Browser is the OS in 2011
Operating System

29. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
http://www.satine.org/research/webkit/snowleopard/
snowstack.html

30. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
You’re Here !

31. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Standardisation
HTML5 CSS3
MultiThreading Animation 2D
Audio
Video
Animation 3D
Local Storage
Application caching
DataBase
Layout

32. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
CSS3 Standard Compliance
Firefox 4.0
Safari
Mobile Safari
Google Chrome
IE8
IE9

33. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
HTML5 Compliance
(http://html5test.com/) / 300
Firefox 4.0
Safari
Mobile Safari
Google Chrome
IE9

34. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
The Browser becomes
a sandbox platform for
application execution

35. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
HTML 5
• Canvas
• Video
• Audio
• Local devices
• Semantic Elements
• Advanced Forms
• Drag & Drop
• Microdata
• 3D-WebGL
• Push
• File read
• Workers
• Cross Doc. Mess.
• Local SQL Database
• Geo-Location
• Offline

36. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Topic 1I
Service for
Business Logic

37. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
An application No UI
Data
Business Component
Service

38. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
A Service
HTTP RPC MOM
Mise en forme (JSON, XML, HTML)
Invocation

39. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Business coponents
Business Component

40. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
User vs Program
Data
Business Logic
Invocation
Mise en forme (JSON, XML, HTML)
HTTP
User Program
JSONHTML

41. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
IOA
Data
Business Logic
Service
Data
Business Logic
Service
EAI,
ESB, MOM,
IIOP, SOAP,
etc.

42. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
WOA
Data
Business Logic
Service
Data
Business Logic
Service

43. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
WOA
Data
Business Logic
Service
Data
Business Logic
Service

44. Copyright Zenexity - 2010 - Presentation Prepared by Habib GUERGACHI (hgu@zenexity.com) for GDF SUEZ - 30 Sept. 2010
Modern Architectures
Habib GUERGACHI - Senior IT Architect
hgu@zenexity.com - twitter : @hguergachi
30/09/2010
web sites :
www.zenexity.com - www.zengularity.com - www.playframework.org