This document provides an overview of Zen principles and mycology from a presentation by Jesse Noller of The Humble Fungus. It discusses key Zen concepts like beginner's mind and impermanence. It then covers fungal biology facts, cultivation techniques like agar recipes and grain spawn preparation, and principles of fruiting like using simple fruiting chambers. The overall message is that fungi should be cultivated following natural principles through science-based and data-driven methods.
Présentation de l'enseigne de distribution E.LeclercPaul Pernez
Présentation du géant de la distribution en France : les centres E.Leclerc.
Architecture de la marque et questions sur leur rôle en tant que distributeur.
L'Oréal utilise les services de LinkedIn pour notamment réduire ses coûts de recrutement, atteindre un plus grand nombre de candidats et valoriser son image, sa marque employeur en ligne.
Min Ajliki - Programme de soutien à l'entrepreneuriat féminin au MarocMinAJliki
Min Ajliki est un programme belgo-marocain de soutien à l'entreprenariat féminin au Maroc.
www.minajliki.ma
Avec le programme Min Ajliki, 2014-2016 l’APEFE, qui travaille avec le gouvernement marocain depuis plus de 10 ans dans le secteur de la Formation professionnelle, innove en s’attaquant d’une part à l’auto emploi et d’autre part à la population exclusivement féminine
L'APEFE (Association pour la Promotion de l'Education et de la Formation à l'Etranger) est un centre d'expertise belge de Wallonie-Bruxelles qui contribue, à travers l'accompagnement technique, au renforcement des capacités de ses partenaires dans divers pays.
Au Maroc, l'APEFE soutient la promotion de l'entreprenariat féminin en renforçant les capacités des structures nationales agissant dans les domaines de l'entreprenariat:
- Le Département de la Formation Professionnelle
- L'Agence Nationale de la Promotion de l'Emploi et des Compétences (ANAPEC)
- L'Association des Femmes Chefs d'Entreprises au Maroc (AFEM)
- AL AMANA micro finance
=>Ces structures interviennent directement auprès des femmes entrepreneurs.
Présentation de l'enseigne de distribution E.LeclercPaul Pernez
Présentation du géant de la distribution en France : les centres E.Leclerc.
Architecture de la marque et questions sur leur rôle en tant que distributeur.
L'Oréal utilise les services de LinkedIn pour notamment réduire ses coûts de recrutement, atteindre un plus grand nombre de candidats et valoriser son image, sa marque employeur en ligne.
Min Ajliki - Programme de soutien à l'entrepreneuriat féminin au MarocMinAJliki
Min Ajliki est un programme belgo-marocain de soutien à l'entreprenariat féminin au Maroc.
www.minajliki.ma
Avec le programme Min Ajliki, 2014-2016 l’APEFE, qui travaille avec le gouvernement marocain depuis plus de 10 ans dans le secteur de la Formation professionnelle, innove en s’attaquant d’une part à l’auto emploi et d’autre part à la population exclusivement féminine
L'APEFE (Association pour la Promotion de l'Education et de la Formation à l'Etranger) est un centre d'expertise belge de Wallonie-Bruxelles qui contribue, à travers l'accompagnement technique, au renforcement des capacités de ses partenaires dans divers pays.
Au Maroc, l'APEFE soutient la promotion de l'entreprenariat féminin en renforçant les capacités des structures nationales agissant dans les domaines de l'entreprenariat:
- Le Département de la Formation Professionnelle
- L'Agence Nationale de la Promotion de l'Emploi et des Compétences (ANAPEC)
- L'Association des Femmes Chefs d'Entreprises au Maroc (AFEM)
- AL AMANA micro finance
=>Ces structures interviennent directement auprès des femmes entrepreneurs.
Les cosmétiques non traités sur les animaux, exemple de LUSH, travail de mark...cardona
Travail sur les cosmétiques non traités sur les animaux réalisé dans le cadre du cours de marketing de 1ère année à l'Institut Supérieur Economique d'Ixelles.
Guide du promoteur de projets de e-commerceKhabbab HADHRI
Guide du promoteur de projet de commerce électronique:
-Cadre juridique et réglementaire,
- Étapes de création d'entreprise,
- Procédures d'intégration des plate formes de paiement SPS-SMT, E-dinar-POSTE
- Certificat électronique ANCE
Biodiversity is the variety of life in all its forms, levels & combinations. To maintain the biodiversity of the Gaian organism is of vital importance because each species represents a node of connexion in the complex web of Life which sustains us. At the moment our industrial & highly consumerist civilization is responsible for the disappearance of some 200 species per day.
These are converted into human biomass on a daily basis, but we're destroying the foundation that support our own survival. So there is a big job to do. In this class we explore some direct ways of increasing biodiversity at a local level, like seed recuperation, habitat protection, & starting to change our diet in a conscious way so that it adapts better to the indigenous ecosystem of our region, instead of trying to adapt nature to our whims.
Meat the Mushroom is a food project what Lucia Zaquini and her team in Amsterdam is doing. This report records what Lucia did during her trip to Taiwan in June, 2014.
Les cosmétiques non traités sur les animaux, exemple de LUSH, travail de mark...cardona
Travail sur les cosmétiques non traités sur les animaux réalisé dans le cadre du cours de marketing de 1ère année à l'Institut Supérieur Economique d'Ixelles.
Guide du promoteur de projets de e-commerceKhabbab HADHRI
Guide du promoteur de projet de commerce électronique:
-Cadre juridique et réglementaire,
- Étapes de création d'entreprise,
- Procédures d'intégration des plate formes de paiement SPS-SMT, E-dinar-POSTE
- Certificat électronique ANCE
Biodiversity is the variety of life in all its forms, levels & combinations. To maintain the biodiversity of the Gaian organism is of vital importance because each species represents a node of connexion in the complex web of Life which sustains us. At the moment our industrial & highly consumerist civilization is responsible for the disappearance of some 200 species per day.
These are converted into human biomass on a daily basis, but we're destroying the foundation that support our own survival. So there is a big job to do. In this class we explore some direct ways of increasing biodiversity at a local level, like seed recuperation, habitat protection, & starting to change our diet in a conscious way so that it adapts better to the indigenous ecosystem of our region, instead of trying to adapt nature to our whims.
Meat the Mushroom is a food project what Lucia Zaquini and her team in Amsterdam is doing. This report records what Lucia did during her trip to Taiwan in June, 2014.
PPT on the latest project of my cousin Rodrigo G. de San Martín (RSM). You can learn more of it here: http://artenion.com/projects/entomofagia.html
Bon appetit! ;)
A Large home vermiposting system and information on worm management
The vidio components are at
http://au.youtube.com/profile?user=ausearthlove&view=videos
“Microbes matters”. Cooperation among bacteria. Good microbes. Microbes too helps us in various ways. List of uses of microbes. The reason behind tasty foods. Microbes are useful in food production and food industries. “Fermentation may have been greater discovery than fires”. Fermentation – the main job of microbes. Brewing beer, liquors and wine. The need of microbes in agriculture. It helps in encountering of insects. Microorganisms are an important part of wastewater treatment. Contribution to medicine - thousands of antibiotics known to us are made by microorganisms. The best kind of biodegradable plastics are the ones made by bacteria because they can also be broken down by bacteria. It also helps to set up your aquarium. The complex microbial communities on and in the human body can sometimes get out of balance – Maintaining of balance. Microorganisms have evolved as a potential alternate source of energy. Microorganisms are used to produce biofuels like biodiesel, bioalcohol and also microbial fuel cell. We are all here because of an organism that changed the world and also paved the way for complex life on earth – Evolution. Microorganisms help us in researching on diseases, such as in vaccination. We conclude with the a considerations of the consequences of the these complex interactions and we briefly discuss the potential role of social interactions involving multiple traits and multiple environment constraints in the evolution of specialization and division of microbes.
Beauty From Chaos: Mushroom CultivationJesse Noller
Denver Plant Medicine Popup: Beauty From Chaos: Mushroom Cultivation workshop. In this we cover mushroom growing and cultivation from start to finish including spores, cultures, fruiting chambers, grains and more.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
1. ZEN & THE ART OF MUSHROOM
CULTIVATION
Colorado Psychedelic Convergence, Jan 29 2022
Jesse Noller, Founder & Scientist, The Humble Fungus
2. Founder, Scientist @ The Humble Fungus
Ex programmer, distributed systems engineer, open
source advocate.
Founded Humble in Feb 2020
Now at 4 full time employees
5000 sqft facility - full lab, part machine shop, farm
We are a science-based, data-driven company
INTRODUCTIONS
5. THE CORE OF ZEN
1
2
3
Beginners Mind
Non Duality
Impermanence
Practice life and all things with a beginners mind - drop your
expectations and preconceived ideas about something, and
seeing things with an open mind, fresh eyes, just like a beginner.
Things are rarely binary, or "not one not two" - everything is not
intertwined, and they are also not disconnected. Things may be
interconnected while not being separate or the same.
Anitya, the concept that all phenomena (all things and
experiences) arise due to causes and conditions and are subject
to change, decline and cessation.
7. THE AMOUNT OF DNA SHARED BETWEEN
HUMANS AND FUNGI
We're more closely related to Fungi than plants, and the same contaminates an
pathogens that kill them kill us. Example: Fungicides.
Over 50%
8. NEW FUNGI ARE DISCOVERED EVERY YEAR
Only with modern advances in genetic sequencing, microscopy and other areas
have we been able to "rediscover" kingdom fungi and their bacterial partners.
Over 2000
9. WOULD NOT EXIST WITHOUT FUNGI
Fungi (and bacteria) are why we have soil, plants, aren't buried in organic waste,
animals, humans and basically all life on Earth
Organic Life
10. IS A FUNGI
The Humongous Fungus is estimated to be 8000 years old and spans over 2000
acres - and we know there are bigger, older ones under our feet and forests
Largest living organism?
11. WE BARELY KNOW WHAT WE KNOW
1866
Protista added to
Kingdoms of life.
1969
Kingdom Fungi added
1970
Bacteria, Archaea and
Eukarya
1998
6 Kingdoms are
(re)defined - Bacteria,
Protozoa, Chromista,
Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
1863
The term "Mycology"
is coined by M.J.
Berkley
2015
The 7 kingdom model is defined:
Bacteria, Archaea, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia.
Bacteria is broken into Bacteria (Eubacteria) and Archaea (=Archaebacteria)
13. The world and nature are filled with magic and wonder, and
science is the way we observe that magic.
14. Fungi are intelligent and want to live
Nature abhors monocultures & stasis
Fungi are (organic) chemistry all the way down
Soil Science is Fungal Science
Carbon & Nitrogen are mass
Moisture & Oxygen are life
Water without oxygen is death
Fungi reject binary states
21. CLEANERS MUST DRY TO CLEAN
Bleach, isopropyl, soapy water, hydrogen peroxide need time to work and should
be allowed to dry. Isopropyl works by evaporating the moisture within cells, the
faster it dries (eg, over 90%) the less effective it is!
22. USE BLEACH FIRST
Bleach (1 cup to 5 gallons of water) is probably the best cleaner available to us.
It attacks and destroys the protein structure of organisms such as viruses,
bacteria and fungi.
But it has to dry / sit for a minimum of 10 minutes.
23. USE ISOPROPYL SECOND
Isopropyl evaporates the moisture inside the cells of bacteria, fungi and viruses,
but in order for it to work it must be allowed to dry; and isopropyl over 70%
evaporate too quickly to be effective.
24. AIR IS THE ENEMY, LONG LIVE AIR
The air in your space is your number one enemy, bacterial & fungal spores and
contaminates are microscopic and every breath we breath contains potentially
thousands of different spores.
Filter (HEPA) all air, change furnace filters, block vents, add home HEPA filters.
But never, ever, ever leave the space without intake and exhaust.
25. STERILE IS STERILE
If you sterilize your tools, grains, agar, liquid cultures, etc - they should remain
sterile. Always take one or more of an item and set in a warm, dark place and
wait.
If it goes bad on the shelf without inoculation? Its your technique (unless your
space is filthy, then good luck)
26. LESS IS MORE
Contaminates love extra "stuff" in environments - extra nutrition/supplements,
extra moisture, high temperatures, high CO2, low oxygen.
Always err on the low side.
Lots of substrate contamination? Drop supplementation and moisture levels.
28. FUNGI ARE INTELLIGENT, AND HAVE
MEMORY
Fungi memorize the shape of molecules they encounter and consume, and if they
encounter something new, they will learn how to consume the new material given
time - and that genetic memory persists.
29. CULTURES ARE TRAINING YOUR FUNGI
The media you use directly influences the enzyme stomach of the Fungi, if you
use a source that is the same as say, your main substrate amendment in your
agar or liquid cultures the fungi remembers that.
30.
31. GROWTH IS ACCESS OPTIMIZATION
A 360 degree sphere is the most efficient way for a fungi to discover the
molecules it needs. As it progresses further out from the start of growth it will
specialize to transfer water, oxygen and nutrition more effectively.
Once hyphae specialize, they've adapted (or remembered) the nutrient mix and
will start early optimization.
32.
33. FUNGI EXPAND EXPONENTIALLY
A single mated spore pair has the genetic potential to rebuild the entire species
- one colonized agar plate can make hundreds more. A quart of liquid culture
can inoculate 95 grain bags.
95 grain bags can make 285+ fruiting blocks
Use this to your advantage.
34. MYCELIAL GROWTH DOES NOT INDICATE
FRUIT
Sectoring, isolations, etc should look at adaptive traits and specialization - for
example a freshly germinated spore colony producing rhizomorphic growth day
one. Or speed of growth, or sectors that generate primordia or pins early
But none of this indicates yield, disease resistance, etc.
35.
36. NATURE ABHORS A MONOCULTURE
A fungus' natural state is one of genetic flux - a single tissue sample from a
mushroom stem can present multiple distinct genetic lines, and thats a clone!
In fact, as you move "up" a mushroom, the diversity lessens - the base of a
cluster contains the lines of that entire cluster.
37.
38. OVER AND OVER AGAIN
Generations are key - straight tissue clones/etc omit sexual
reproduction!
Fruiting bodies show you growth, yield,
etc and collecting their spores "re-
concentrates" those traits
Fruit
This is the identification of a "mostly
isolated" sector of desireable or distinct
growth. Once selected you fruit to see if
it's worthwhile.
Phenotype isolation
Spores determine sex, but they have a
sex, so like humans and animals, sexual
reproduction is critical.
Spore
Germinating / mating the spores presents
a new fungus with many possible genetic
lines, and the memory of the nutrients etc
are retained.
Germinate/Colony
40. LESS IS MORE
Contaminates love extra "stuff" in environments - extra nutrition/supplements,
extra moisture, high temperatures, high CO2, low oxygen.
Always err on the low side.
Fungi can grow on pure agar and water! Plate and LC contamination? Check
your sterilization technique, and then start reducing amendments.
41. CARBON & NITROGEN ARE MASS
Fungi exist to decay organic matter, which just so happens to be carbon based -
pure carbon (even oil) is what the fungi use to grow their hyphae and fruit
bodies - Carbon mass is hyphal mass.
Nitrogen provides the fungi with the energy needed to consume the carbon.
42. ANTIBIOTICS ARE ALMOST NEVER THE WAY
Antibiotic overuse and misuse is one of the reasons we have antibiotic resistant
bacteria, using this in your lab and grow is an easy way to build your own little
powerful strain of death.
Use H202, Carbon, remove nutrients.
43. FUNGI GET BORED
Fungi exposed to the same nutrition sources over and over (through transfers,
grain to grain, etc) will get bored and slow down and even die.
Limit the number of transfers you do from the original fungi or regularly change
the nutrition in the media (agar, lc or grain for example)
44. RECIPES
All recipes are for 1 liter of agar, sterilize 30 minutes @ 15psi
15g agar-agar
20g Light Malt Extract
1 Liter water
Malt Extract
15g agar-agar
20g Potato Dextrose
1 Liter water
Potato-Dextrose
15g agar-agar
20g Sorghum Syrup
1 Liter water
Sorghum
2% by volume H202
1g peptones
4g activated carbon
1g yeast
Glitter
Mixins
2% by volume H202
1g peptones
4g activated carbon
1g yeast
Glitter
Mixins
2% by volume H202
1g peptones
4g activated carbon
1g yeast
Glitter
Mixins
45. RECIPES
All recipes are for 1 quart of Liquid Culture, sterilize 30 minutes @
15psi
20g Light Malt Extract
1 Quart water
Malt Extract
20g Potato Dextrose
1 Liter water
Potato-Dextrose
20g Sorghum Syrup
1 Liter water
Sorghum
Honey
Karo
Molasses
Or use...
47. ALL GRAINS ARE GOOD GRAINS
Fungi don't care what you're growing them on as long as the basic building
blocks of life are there. Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and Moisture - that's it. Some
grains are better in terms of labor, cost and surface are but they all work.
49. AVAILABILITY & COST
These are your primary factors - able to get bulk oats for $1 for 500lbs? Use
oats!
You will use tons of grain, and the perfect grain is the one that works for you, it
has to be cheap and easy to get.
50. LABOR WILL KILL YOU
If you can get 500lbs of oats for $1, but it requires soak, simmer and dry-time
while the millet next door is $10 for 500lbs and doesn't.
Labor is your primary cost, period.
51. YOU DON'T NEED A SOAK, SIMMER OR DRY
Many common grains used in cultivation can all be done with no-soak, no-
simmer approaches. There is zero need to soak, rinse, etc as contaminates are a
result of your sterilization and inoculation technique.
Extend your sterilization time.
Fungi will happily consume garbage and crude oil. They don't care about millet
chaff or lint.
52. RECIPES
3lbs bag ratios, sterilize 2.5 hours at 15psi (16@elevation)
1000g Millet
500g Water
Whole Millet
1000g Whole Oats
400g Water
Whole Oats
1000g Rye Berries
650-700g Water
Rye Berry
40% Hydration 65-70%
Hydration
50% Hydration
53.
54.
55. STERILIZATION IS TIME, NOT TEMP.
You can sterilize grains in a moist oven, you can do it in an instant pot, a
microwave. You can build a pasteurizer that runs for 36 hours or get a pressure
cooker.
56. SPEED
Grain surface area directly correlates to the speed of substrate colonization.
Compact grains such as millet or milo have the most surface area by weight.
Agar to grain < LC to grain < grain to grain.
Break and shake your spawn bags at 10-15% and again at 50% colonization.
58. CARBON IS MASS
Lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose are what trees and plants are made from -
only fungi consume lignin and convert it into hyphal (and therefore fruiting)
mass.
Coco coir - lignin, cellulose & hemicellulose
Sawdust - lignin, cellulose & hemicellulose
Millet, Rye, Oats - lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose
59. NITROGEN IS FUEL
Nitrogen provides the energy required to break down the carbon. Cellulose is
primarily sugars which is why fungi can consume pure sawdust as well.
Nitrogen can be soy hulls, cow manure, coffee grounds, etc
60. OXYGEN IS LIFE
Substrates must be airy - Fungi do not enjoy anaerobic conditions, and forest
soil has air pockets, different sizes, shapes, pockets - the denser and more moist
your substrate the higher your contamination and failure rate.
61. WATER IS CONSUMED FROM THE
SUBSTRATE
Not the air/space or misting. The fungus pulls the moisture directly from the
substrate, when misting you are keeping the fruit body and fungus comfortable.
As the moisture is consumed, the growth slows.
Want more growth? Inject moisture into the substrate.
62. SOIL SCIENCE IS FUNGAL SCIENCE
Soil science is clear - the chemical and mineral makeup of soil and soil horizons
are well known, these are the natural habitats of fungi.
Soil acidity directly impacts fungal growth (and contaminates).
Soil is 50-80% mineral by volume - which is why fungi love azomite, gypsum, etc
Flooded soil goes anaerobic and will kill all obligate anaerobes
63. SUBSTRATES ARE A HUGE FACTOR IN
FRUITING
Outside of the genetics of the fungi and adaptive traits it may have, substrates
are one of the largest factors in cultivation - it will influence harvest, pinset,
weight, potency, etc.
You can grow on plain coco/vermiculite for example, but the difference is "can
grow" and "grows fast and hardy".
64. FUNGI FARM BACTERIAL POPULATIONS
Fungi and bacteria are constant companions - many fungi cultivate thier own
bacterial populations, and fungi will bring the bacteria they require to thrive.
The key is to add in an amendment (example, straw, manure) that acts like a
bacterial "hook" and adds more nitrogen to the substrate.
Manure is partially composted; Straw immediately begins decomposing, Worm
castings, etc.
65. STERILIZATION IS THE WAY
Substrate sterilization results in faster colonization, higher bio efficiency (yield) -
less competition means more available mass to consume and the fungi are
already going to farm the bacteria they want.
As Fungi are operating at the molecular level, the minor breakdown of elements
during sterilization does not impact them.
66. RECIPE - BY VOLUME
Sterilize 2.5 hours at 15psi (16@elevation)
50% Partially hydrated
(loose) coco-coir
40% Vermiculite
10% Gypsum
Base
Hydrated Lime for PH
Azomite
Crushed/Powdered
shells
Chalk Dust
Minerals
Straw
Soy Hulls
Wheat Bran
Manure
Worm Castings
Coffee grounds
Corn husks
Amendments
50-60% Hydration - Field Capacity
68. ANYTHING THAT HOLDS MOISTURE AND
ALLOWS LIGHT AND AIR IS A FRUITING
CHAMBER
Even clear garbage bags - you want to maintain a 75-80% RH and a temp
range of 65-78/80
Air (oxygen) must be able to pass through.
69. SIMPLE IS BETTER
Overly complex fruiting chambers / systems and those with a lot of moving parts
tend to fail often, hide contamination (or bring new ones) and make it harder to
debug what's going on.
70. ENVIRONMENTAL ISOLATION
Isolating your environment correctly - and what you grow in is key.
2 smaller tubs is better than 1 big one
4 bags fit in the space of one tub
2 tents are better than one
Contaminates generate spores too. Cross Contamination bad.
Filter all air, clean weekly, humidifier bleach / dry weekly.
71. STASIS BAD
A fungi's natural home has humidity, temp and other fluctuations, they are not
in a static environment. Fluctuate your levels/use a range.
Make sure you have filtered intake going into the space - fungi exhale CO2 and
contamination loves dead, stale air and CO2.
Too much ambient water pooling? Contamination.
72. FRUITING IS A SET OF TRIGGERS
Light
O2 vs CO2
Bacterial population(s)
Temp
Soil Acidity
Time
Soil Nutrients
Plant/other pairings
73. THE SETUP
Tent
LED String Lights in 6500k range
Low speed 6" fan, 6" ducting
6" inline filter
Digital Light Timer
RH monitor/controller
Humidifier (Ultrasonic)
