This report analyzes youth suicide data from Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties in Michigan. Key findings include:
1) Over 6% of youth reported attempting suicide, meaning about 2 students per classroom of 33.
2) Over 1,400 students (13.1%) reported seriously considering suicide.
3) Female students, especially in middle/high school, reported higher rates of suicidal ideation, planning, and sadness/hopelessness than male students.
4) Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students reported higher rates of suicidal ideation than heterosexual students.
The report makes recommendations for prevention programs targeting individual, community, and systemic levels and incorporating youth input. It also calls
This document discusses the importance of properly contextualizing and discussing data that shows disparities. It recommends considering the community, culture and systems involved when examining disparity data. The concern should be about disparities stemming from discrimination and oppression, not inherent flaws. The focus should be on identifying the root causes, such as social and structural conditions, that allow disparities to persist. The language used to describe disparities is also important, as it can perpetuate harm or place blame on groups. Systems-centered language should be used to place accountability on the systems and structures that cause inequities.
Social Support as a Protective Factor for Youth Suicide: An Intersectional an...Dr. Corbin J. Standley
Social Support as a Protective Factor for Youth Suicide: An Intersectional and Socioecological Approach
Standley, C. J. - MA Thesis
Thesis submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology.
The document discusses structural racialization and how it relates to marginalized populations. It explains that race is a social construct that affects how people are situated and identified. Institutions can operate jointly to produce racialized outcomes, such as unevenly distributing opportunities related to housing, education, employment, and more. This institutional uneven distribution and racial marking negatively impacts life outcomes and access to opportunities, concentrating disadvantages for people of color.
This document provides a toolkit for raising awareness about and addressing reproductive coercion. It was produced through a partnership between The Feminist Women's Health Center, The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and The National Organization for Men Against Sexism. The toolkit contains definitions, quick facts sheets, self-assessment tools, and clinical assessment and intervention tools to help empower women, recognize signs of reproductive coercion, and facilitate interventions. It aims to bridge the gap between reproductive health and domestic violence communities.
The relationship between university students’ perceptions ofRula alsawalqa
By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative StudyRula alsawalqa
This document summarizes research on economic abuse of women. It defines economic abuse and differentiates it from financial abuse. The document reviews literature finding that economic abuse reduces women's productivity, income, and independence by depriving them of access to economic resources and decision making. Economic abuse is associated with other forms of intimate partner violence and can continue after a relationship ends through things like child support. The document then presents a study conducted with 500 married working women in Amman, Jordan that found economic abuse decreased as women's education and length of marriage increased, and was more likely if the husband had a high education or was unemployed. Overall, the study aimed to better understand the relationship between demographic variables and economic abuse of women in Jordan.
The document discusses the causes and types of violence. It analyzes violence through four levels - biological/personal, close relationships, community, and societal. Violence is categorized into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective forms. The types of violence include physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and cultural forms. The document concludes that scientific strategies aimed at underlying causes, such as parenting programs, life skills training, and reducing substance abuse, have been effective in preventing violence.
This document discusses the importance of properly contextualizing and discussing data that shows disparities. It recommends considering the community, culture and systems involved when examining disparity data. The concern should be about disparities stemming from discrimination and oppression, not inherent flaws. The focus should be on identifying the root causes, such as social and structural conditions, that allow disparities to persist. The language used to describe disparities is also important, as it can perpetuate harm or place blame on groups. Systems-centered language should be used to place accountability on the systems and structures that cause inequities.
Social Support as a Protective Factor for Youth Suicide: An Intersectional an...Dr. Corbin J. Standley
Social Support as a Protective Factor for Youth Suicide: An Intersectional and Socioecological Approach
Standley, C. J. - MA Thesis
Thesis submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology.
The document discusses structural racialization and how it relates to marginalized populations. It explains that race is a social construct that affects how people are situated and identified. Institutions can operate jointly to produce racialized outcomes, such as unevenly distributing opportunities related to housing, education, employment, and more. This institutional uneven distribution and racial marking negatively impacts life outcomes and access to opportunities, concentrating disadvantages for people of color.
This document provides a toolkit for raising awareness about and addressing reproductive coercion. It was produced through a partnership between The Feminist Women's Health Center, The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, and The National Organization for Men Against Sexism. The toolkit contains definitions, quick facts sheets, self-assessment tools, and clinical assessment and intervention tools to help empower women, recognize signs of reproductive coercion, and facilitate interventions. It aims to bridge the gap between reproductive health and domestic violence communities.
The relationship between university students’ perceptions ofRula alsawalqa
By conducting a set of quantitative surveys, this study aimed to detecting the correlation between Jordanian
University students’ perceptions of terrorism and a variety of demographic variables. The results revealed that
the majority of students viewed terrorism as the most heinous crime, and is never justified, and that terrorists
are hard-core criminals, separatist groups that want to weaken the unity of the country. Therefore, they should
be treated as traitors and punished as they pose a threat to national interest, and the safety and security of
citizens. While a few of student indicated that there are some terrorist activities’ as a repercussion of repressed
needs and the demands of society, it should however be managed and the violations committed by states
against their nationals be confronted with the aim of eliminating injustices to vulnerable citizens. Most
students believe that poverty and material deprivation are of the most prominent causes of terrorism. They
also stress the necessity of providing food security and optimal life for citizens to limit the spread of the
phenomenon of terrorism and achieve societal solidarity to save human lives and stability of communities.
Furthermore, the results confirmed that there are no academic specializations, age, sex, academic level, and
monthly income statistically significant differences in perceptions of the terrorism among university students.
Economic Abuse of Women in Amman, Jordan: A Quantitative StudyRula alsawalqa
This document summarizes research on economic abuse of women. It defines economic abuse and differentiates it from financial abuse. The document reviews literature finding that economic abuse reduces women's productivity, income, and independence by depriving them of access to economic resources and decision making. Economic abuse is associated with other forms of intimate partner violence and can continue after a relationship ends through things like child support. The document then presents a study conducted with 500 married working women in Amman, Jordan that found economic abuse decreased as women's education and length of marriage increased, and was more likely if the husband had a high education or was unemployed. Overall, the study aimed to better understand the relationship between demographic variables and economic abuse of women in Jordan.
The document discusses the causes and types of violence. It analyzes violence through four levels - biological/personal, close relationships, community, and societal. Violence is categorized into self-directed, interpersonal, and collective forms. The types of violence include physical, sexual, emotional, psychological, spiritual, and cultural forms. The document concludes that scientific strategies aimed at underlying causes, such as parenting programs, life skills training, and reducing substance abuse, have been effective in preventing violence.
Effective strategies for mentoring african american boysJonathan Dunnemann
This document discusses effective strategies for mentoring African American boys. It identifies several promising mentoring programs that have led to positive outcomes for African American boys. These programs tend to use group mentoring rather than one-on-one mentoring. They also focus on preparing youth for productive futures and addressing their cultural and trauma experiences. Effective programs celebrate African American culture and train mentors in advocacy and cultural competency. However, access to these model programs can be limited due to challenges in long-term public funding.
This introduction summarizes the special issue which highlights issues in youth development research and practice over the past century. It provides historical context for the evolution of youth work from the early 1900s. The introduction then previews the 10 articles which examine how youth development has been studied and measured over time as well as how practice has evolved to support young people. The editors reflect on key themes discussed in the articles, including divergent perspectives on definitions and accountability, the value of translational research, and leveraging systems support. Overall, the special issue offers a retrospective look at the field to inform conversations going forward.
Cyberbullying, social stigma, and self-esteem: the impact of COVID-19 on stud...Rula alsawalqa
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the way people live, work, and socialize, and has perhaps
even altered the reasons why they harass one another. To our knowledge, the present study is one of the first
studies to address cyberbullying among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional objectives
were to reveal the causes and types of cyberbullying that university students from East and Southeast Asia have
experienced because of COVID-19, and to explore the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem. Of the
525 university students from different East and Southeast Asian countries and varied academic backgrounds who
were invited to participate in the study, 310 students agreed and were included. Moreover, a sample of 400
Jordanian undergraduate students, who participated in cyberbullying against East and Southeast Asian students
on social media, answered a questionnaire to reveal their reasons for engaging in bullying during the COVID-19
pandemic. This study also examined the relationship and differences between sex and nationality. The findings
revealed that cyberbullying contributed to low self-esteem in students of East and Southeast Asian descent who
were victims of bullying. Men were more likely to be bullies and cyberbullies than women. The bullies admitted
that the main reason for cyberbullying was humor, and that they were unaware that their harsh or aggressive
behaviors could be categorized as bullying. This study aimed to make a positive contribution to the scant literature on cyberbullying/cyber racism among university students in an Arab country. We believe our findings can
help guide the formulation of policies and solutions that address cyberbullying, especially between resident and
foreign students
A place-conscious approach can strengthen integrated strategies in poor neigh...Jonathan Dunnemann
Ample research evidence establishes that conditions in severely depressed neighborhoods undermine both the quality of daily life and the long-term life chances of parents and children. Policymakers and practitioners working to improve well-being and economic mobility in poor neighborhoods generally agree on the need for integrated approaches.
Forefront provides suicide prevention services in Washington state including policy work, professional training, and support for those affected by suicide. In their 2014-2015 report, they discuss innovations in each of their major program areas: policy, training over 3,000 professionals, campus and school programs, media outreach, and supporting survivors. They also thank donors and outline financial information.
The document summarizes the key findings of the 2017 National Urban League Equality Index, which measures racial equality between black and white Americans, and Hispanic and white Americans.
The 2017 Black-White Equality Index was 72.3%, a slight increase from the revised 2016 index of 72.2%. The largest increase was in education, while social justice declined sharply, though most of the decline was due to a change in how one data point is reported.
The 2017 Hispanic-White Equality Index was 78.4%, an increase from the revised 2016 index of 77.9%. The largest increase was in health.
The index measures equality across five categories: economics, health, education, social justice, and
The document summarizes a study conducted by researchers at John Jay College on perceptions of violence among young males in New York City. The study surveyed nearly 800 young men ages 18-30 living in 4 neighborhoods implementing the Crisis Management System violence prevention program, which includes the Cure Violence model. Key findings from the initial 2014 surveys included that a majority of respondents recognized Cure Violence program materials and staff, and that respondents reported high levels of exposure to gun violence and victimization. The surveys serve as a baseline for measuring how perceptions of violence may change over time in neighborhoods with and without the prevention programs.
Understanding the Man Box: the link between gender socialization and domestic...Rula alsawalqa
The “Man Box” refers to a rigid set of expectations, perceptions, and behaviors that are considered “manly” and/or a “real man's” behavior, imposed on men by the society, such as superiority, cruelty, emotional suppression, lack of physical intimacy with other men, and expectations of socially aggressive and/or dominant behavior. Gender-based types of aggression and violence are central in the production of dominant heterosexual masculinities and male superiority that impose the dominating and violating behavior on men, and make these behaviors acceptable and naturalized. Therefore, adherence to the Man Box is one of the causes of violence against women, and to the creation and reinforcement of social environments conducive to domestic violence. This study shows how Jordanian males internalize and agree with “Man Box” beliefs and how these meanings affect their lives and behavioral patterns. Perceptions of Jordanian women on these issues were also included in the data collected through a survey distributed to 1,029 participants (525 men and 504 women) who live in Amman, Jordan. The results show that Man Box beliefs still prevail in Jordanian culture, promoted by parents, partners, and acquaintances. A total of 49.9% of the respondents show agreement with Man Box ideas. Jordanian men believe that society imposes rigid masculine gender roles, views on heterosexuality and homophobia, and expectations of aggression and control. Their personal attitudes, however, rejected the dictates of solving their own personal problems without help and fighting back when they were threatened. Most Jordanian women reported personal agreement with Man Box ideals for men, particularly in the areas of self-sufficiency, acting tough, and control, all of which can prevent men from breaking out of the Man Box. Our results also show that life inside the Man Box can impede men's formation of emotionally connected friendships and encourage them to show transgressive emotional behaviors. Furthermore, some men were more probable to violate the Man Box rules, such as being likely to talk to friends about something deeply emotional and feeling comfortable crying in front of them, or continuing to rely primarily on their mothers and romantic partners for emotional support. Additionally, inside the Man Box, men are more likely to experience physical and online bullying and perpetrate verbal and physical bullying; however, they are also more likely to attempt to intervene to stop violence.
Decreasing world suck working paper - mapp - june 25 2013amandafo
This document analyzes how two participatory culture groups, the Harry Potter Alliance and Nerdfighters, translate members' cultural interests into political outcomes. It examines three mechanisms they use: 1) Tapping into shared passions for popular culture to develop civic identities and agendas, 2) Encouraging creative production, especially for political expression, and 3) Creating spaces for informal discussions about current events and politics. Through case studies and interviews, the report explores how these groups scaffold young people's cultural engagement into participatory political action.
Learning through practice kligler shresthova-oct-2-2012amandafo
This document discusses participatory culture civics (PCC) organizations that engage young people in civic life. PCC organizations are rooted in participatory cultures that have strong communities, low barriers to participation, mentorship, and support for creating and sharing. The document uses case studies of the Harry Potter Alliance and Invisible Children to show how they combine civic goals with participatory culture. It analyzes the civic practices of these groups, grouping them into clusters like "create," "inform," "connect," and "organize and mobilize." Overall, the document argues that PCC organizations effectively foster both traditional and new civic skills for young people through approaches that reflect their roots in participatory culture.
Shresthova between storytelling and surveillance-working paper report-sept11-...amandafo
This document summarizes a case study on American Muslim youth navigating culture, politics, and civic participation post-9/11. Key findings include:
1) American Muslim youth grew up in a climate of fear-inducing anti-Islamic sentiment and counterterrorism measures after 9/11.
2) Youth use new media to advocate for overlooked causes and reshape representations of American Muslims by creating their own narratives.
3) Youth struggle to balance privacy concerns with activism online, with some sacrificing privacy and others engaging in self-censorship.
The document summarizes key findings from a study by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) examining the nature and drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) in three refugee camps across three continents. The study found that IPV in humanitarian settings is driven by a complex set of factors including pre-existing gender inequalities that are exacerbated by displacement and changing gender roles. Drivers identified include rapidly changing gender norms, separation from family/community structures, forced marriages, poverty, and substance abuse. Women reported experiencing ongoing severe physical, psychological, sexual, and economic abuse. They navigated safety by first reporting to family/community, and only seeking formal support when other options failed or violence became life-threatening. Women suggested improving prevention and
This document provides biographical information about Mishelle O'Shasky and Trevor Barrett who will be presenting at the 2016 Crisis Intervention International Conference. It also includes snippets of their family histories and involvement in the criminal justice system. The bulk of the document consists of the slides and script they will use for their presentation discussing the role of reentry peer specialists in collaborating between the criminal justice and mental health systems to better serve individuals with mental illnesses.
Dallas Domestic Violence Task Force Report - 2016-17Timothy Bray
This is the annual summary report for the Dallas Domestic Violence Task Force for the 2016-17 program year, produced by the Institute for Urban Policy Research
The document discusses the State of Black America report published by the National Urban League. It celebrates the 40th anniversary of the report and discusses how it has become a benchmark for examining racial equality in America. It highlights some of the offerings from the 2016 report, including a complete website with data and analysis, a web series discussing the key findings, and the full report which is available online. It also discusses the Equality Index included in the report, which tracks racial equality using metrics in areas like economics, health, education, social justice, and civic engagement. The Equality Index for 2016 shows that black Americans have 72.2% of the equality that white Americans have. The document calls for a "Main Street Marshall Plan"
Manchester's Services for Minority Communities Report 2016Jonny Wineberg
This document summarizes the findings of a research study that examined the needs and views of minority communities in Manchester. It found that the top concerns were unemployment, financial security, racism, and mental health. Muslims expressed higher levels of worry across most issues surveyed. The qualitative responses revealed concerns about discrimination, lack of understanding between faiths, extremism, and language barriers. Recommendations included better services for jobs, finances, and policing in Muslim areas, as well as more opportunities for different groups to engage with each other.
This document discusses violence and its effects. It defines violence as acts intended to hurt people, and lists different forms like physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse. It notes that violence can be perpetrated by individuals, groups, states, or the environment. The effects of violence are psychological/emotional like depression or fear, physical like injury, and social like distorted values. The document also discusses how violence is often intergenerationally transmitted as children who witness abuse learn that it is a normal way to resolve conflicts. It concludes that breaking this cycle requires practicing non-violent child discipline.
Lgbt identity, violence, and social justiceIim Ibrahim
This document discusses LGBT identity, violence, and social justice. It begins by reviewing statistics on violence against LGBT people internationally and in the US. Reasons for this violence include challenging gender norms and laws/policies that criminalize LGBT identities. The psychological effects of victimization are also discussed. The document argues that mental health professionals should play a greater role in advocating for LGBT social justice issues and rights.
The profile of the perpetrators of the Holey Artisan Bakery attack in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2016 – middle-class and well-educated youths – challenged many preconceptions about the motivations of violent extremists. To inform new investment in preventing violent extremism, GCERF has analysed perceptions towards violent extremism among 2,500 students in Dhaka.
Design your own spring break course may 3 2012vzayas
This document discusses emotional self-awareness and social awareness, with a focus on handling emotions in relationships skillfully and with harmony. It addresses issues like school violence, bullying, cyberbullying, hate crimes, road rage, and how cultural diversity, gender differences, and other factors influence violence in society. The document provides statistics on cyberbullying prevalence and effects. It promotes the Miami Dade College Violence Prevention Initiative to increase awareness of violence as a public health issue and encourage students to recognize their role in changing cultures that tolerate violence.
This document summarizes a webinar on co-occurring risk behaviors during adolescence. The webinar objectives were to describe how youth risk behaviors are correlated, identify factors that place youth at risk for multiple outcomes, consider how teen pregnancy programs address overlapping risk factors, and discuss implications for partnerships and sustainability. The webinar included an overview of youth risk behaviors, lessons from a teen pregnancy prevention program in New Orleans that addressed trauma and mental health needs, and implications for considering common and unique risk factors in programming.
Social workers in the mental health field assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues through therapies, case management, and prevention/education efforts. Concentrations include suicide prevention, especially for adolescents and youth, where suicide is a leading cause of death. Risk factors for suicide ideation include depression, low self-esteem, and lack of support systems. The author wishes to work on a macro-level in areas like policy, advocacy, research, and legislation to help at-risk groups like LGBT youth who are disproportionately impacted by suicide risks.
Effective strategies for mentoring african american boysJonathan Dunnemann
This document discusses effective strategies for mentoring African American boys. It identifies several promising mentoring programs that have led to positive outcomes for African American boys. These programs tend to use group mentoring rather than one-on-one mentoring. They also focus on preparing youth for productive futures and addressing their cultural and trauma experiences. Effective programs celebrate African American culture and train mentors in advocacy and cultural competency. However, access to these model programs can be limited due to challenges in long-term public funding.
This introduction summarizes the special issue which highlights issues in youth development research and practice over the past century. It provides historical context for the evolution of youth work from the early 1900s. The introduction then previews the 10 articles which examine how youth development has been studied and measured over time as well as how practice has evolved to support young people. The editors reflect on key themes discussed in the articles, including divergent perspectives on definitions and accountability, the value of translational research, and leveraging systems support. Overall, the special issue offers a retrospective look at the field to inform conversations going forward.
Cyberbullying, social stigma, and self-esteem: the impact of COVID-19 on stud...Rula alsawalqa
The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the way people live, work, and socialize, and has perhaps
even altered the reasons why they harass one another. To our knowledge, the present study is one of the first
studies to address cyberbullying among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional objectives
were to reveal the causes and types of cyberbullying that university students from East and Southeast Asia have
experienced because of COVID-19, and to explore the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem. Of the
525 university students from different East and Southeast Asian countries and varied academic backgrounds who
were invited to participate in the study, 310 students agreed and were included. Moreover, a sample of 400
Jordanian undergraduate students, who participated in cyberbullying against East and Southeast Asian students
on social media, answered a questionnaire to reveal their reasons for engaging in bullying during the COVID-19
pandemic. This study also examined the relationship and differences between sex and nationality. The findings
revealed that cyberbullying contributed to low self-esteem in students of East and Southeast Asian descent who
were victims of bullying. Men were more likely to be bullies and cyberbullies than women. The bullies admitted
that the main reason for cyberbullying was humor, and that they were unaware that their harsh or aggressive
behaviors could be categorized as bullying. This study aimed to make a positive contribution to the scant literature on cyberbullying/cyber racism among university students in an Arab country. We believe our findings can
help guide the formulation of policies and solutions that address cyberbullying, especially between resident and
foreign students
A place-conscious approach can strengthen integrated strategies in poor neigh...Jonathan Dunnemann
Ample research evidence establishes that conditions in severely depressed neighborhoods undermine both the quality of daily life and the long-term life chances of parents and children. Policymakers and practitioners working to improve well-being and economic mobility in poor neighborhoods generally agree on the need for integrated approaches.
Forefront provides suicide prevention services in Washington state including policy work, professional training, and support for those affected by suicide. In their 2014-2015 report, they discuss innovations in each of their major program areas: policy, training over 3,000 professionals, campus and school programs, media outreach, and supporting survivors. They also thank donors and outline financial information.
The document summarizes the key findings of the 2017 National Urban League Equality Index, which measures racial equality between black and white Americans, and Hispanic and white Americans.
The 2017 Black-White Equality Index was 72.3%, a slight increase from the revised 2016 index of 72.2%. The largest increase was in education, while social justice declined sharply, though most of the decline was due to a change in how one data point is reported.
The 2017 Hispanic-White Equality Index was 78.4%, an increase from the revised 2016 index of 77.9%. The largest increase was in health.
The index measures equality across five categories: economics, health, education, social justice, and
The document summarizes a study conducted by researchers at John Jay College on perceptions of violence among young males in New York City. The study surveyed nearly 800 young men ages 18-30 living in 4 neighborhoods implementing the Crisis Management System violence prevention program, which includes the Cure Violence model. Key findings from the initial 2014 surveys included that a majority of respondents recognized Cure Violence program materials and staff, and that respondents reported high levels of exposure to gun violence and victimization. The surveys serve as a baseline for measuring how perceptions of violence may change over time in neighborhoods with and without the prevention programs.
Understanding the Man Box: the link between gender socialization and domestic...Rula alsawalqa
The “Man Box” refers to a rigid set of expectations, perceptions, and behaviors that are considered “manly” and/or a “real man's” behavior, imposed on men by the society, such as superiority, cruelty, emotional suppression, lack of physical intimacy with other men, and expectations of socially aggressive and/or dominant behavior. Gender-based types of aggression and violence are central in the production of dominant heterosexual masculinities and male superiority that impose the dominating and violating behavior on men, and make these behaviors acceptable and naturalized. Therefore, adherence to the Man Box is one of the causes of violence against women, and to the creation and reinforcement of social environments conducive to domestic violence. This study shows how Jordanian males internalize and agree with “Man Box” beliefs and how these meanings affect their lives and behavioral patterns. Perceptions of Jordanian women on these issues were also included in the data collected through a survey distributed to 1,029 participants (525 men and 504 women) who live in Amman, Jordan. The results show that Man Box beliefs still prevail in Jordanian culture, promoted by parents, partners, and acquaintances. A total of 49.9% of the respondents show agreement with Man Box ideas. Jordanian men believe that society imposes rigid masculine gender roles, views on heterosexuality and homophobia, and expectations of aggression and control. Their personal attitudes, however, rejected the dictates of solving their own personal problems without help and fighting back when they were threatened. Most Jordanian women reported personal agreement with Man Box ideals for men, particularly in the areas of self-sufficiency, acting tough, and control, all of which can prevent men from breaking out of the Man Box. Our results also show that life inside the Man Box can impede men's formation of emotionally connected friendships and encourage them to show transgressive emotional behaviors. Furthermore, some men were more probable to violate the Man Box rules, such as being likely to talk to friends about something deeply emotional and feeling comfortable crying in front of them, or continuing to rely primarily on their mothers and romantic partners for emotional support. Additionally, inside the Man Box, men are more likely to experience physical and online bullying and perpetrate verbal and physical bullying; however, they are also more likely to attempt to intervene to stop violence.
Decreasing world suck working paper - mapp - june 25 2013amandafo
This document analyzes how two participatory culture groups, the Harry Potter Alliance and Nerdfighters, translate members' cultural interests into political outcomes. It examines three mechanisms they use: 1) Tapping into shared passions for popular culture to develop civic identities and agendas, 2) Encouraging creative production, especially for political expression, and 3) Creating spaces for informal discussions about current events and politics. Through case studies and interviews, the report explores how these groups scaffold young people's cultural engagement into participatory political action.
Learning through practice kligler shresthova-oct-2-2012amandafo
This document discusses participatory culture civics (PCC) organizations that engage young people in civic life. PCC organizations are rooted in participatory cultures that have strong communities, low barriers to participation, mentorship, and support for creating and sharing. The document uses case studies of the Harry Potter Alliance and Invisible Children to show how they combine civic goals with participatory culture. It analyzes the civic practices of these groups, grouping them into clusters like "create," "inform," "connect," and "organize and mobilize." Overall, the document argues that PCC organizations effectively foster both traditional and new civic skills for young people through approaches that reflect their roots in participatory culture.
Shresthova between storytelling and surveillance-working paper report-sept11-...amandafo
This document summarizes a case study on American Muslim youth navigating culture, politics, and civic participation post-9/11. Key findings include:
1) American Muslim youth grew up in a climate of fear-inducing anti-Islamic sentiment and counterterrorism measures after 9/11.
2) Youth use new media to advocate for overlooked causes and reshape representations of American Muslims by creating their own narratives.
3) Youth struggle to balance privacy concerns with activism online, with some sacrificing privacy and others engaging in self-censorship.
The document summarizes key findings from a study by the International Rescue Committee (IRC) examining the nature and drivers of intimate partner violence (IPV) in three refugee camps across three continents. The study found that IPV in humanitarian settings is driven by a complex set of factors including pre-existing gender inequalities that are exacerbated by displacement and changing gender roles. Drivers identified include rapidly changing gender norms, separation from family/community structures, forced marriages, poverty, and substance abuse. Women reported experiencing ongoing severe physical, psychological, sexual, and economic abuse. They navigated safety by first reporting to family/community, and only seeking formal support when other options failed or violence became life-threatening. Women suggested improving prevention and
This document provides biographical information about Mishelle O'Shasky and Trevor Barrett who will be presenting at the 2016 Crisis Intervention International Conference. It also includes snippets of their family histories and involvement in the criminal justice system. The bulk of the document consists of the slides and script they will use for their presentation discussing the role of reentry peer specialists in collaborating between the criminal justice and mental health systems to better serve individuals with mental illnesses.
Dallas Domestic Violence Task Force Report - 2016-17Timothy Bray
This is the annual summary report for the Dallas Domestic Violence Task Force for the 2016-17 program year, produced by the Institute for Urban Policy Research
The document discusses the State of Black America report published by the National Urban League. It celebrates the 40th anniversary of the report and discusses how it has become a benchmark for examining racial equality in America. It highlights some of the offerings from the 2016 report, including a complete website with data and analysis, a web series discussing the key findings, and the full report which is available online. It also discusses the Equality Index included in the report, which tracks racial equality using metrics in areas like economics, health, education, social justice, and civic engagement. The Equality Index for 2016 shows that black Americans have 72.2% of the equality that white Americans have. The document calls for a "Main Street Marshall Plan"
Manchester's Services for Minority Communities Report 2016Jonny Wineberg
This document summarizes the findings of a research study that examined the needs and views of minority communities in Manchester. It found that the top concerns were unemployment, financial security, racism, and mental health. Muslims expressed higher levels of worry across most issues surveyed. The qualitative responses revealed concerns about discrimination, lack of understanding between faiths, extremism, and language barriers. Recommendations included better services for jobs, finances, and policing in Muslim areas, as well as more opportunities for different groups to engage with each other.
This document discusses violence and its effects. It defines violence as acts intended to hurt people, and lists different forms like physical, verbal, emotional, sexual, and economic abuse. It notes that violence can be perpetrated by individuals, groups, states, or the environment. The effects of violence are psychological/emotional like depression or fear, physical like injury, and social like distorted values. The document also discusses how violence is often intergenerationally transmitted as children who witness abuse learn that it is a normal way to resolve conflicts. It concludes that breaking this cycle requires practicing non-violent child discipline.
Lgbt identity, violence, and social justiceIim Ibrahim
This document discusses LGBT identity, violence, and social justice. It begins by reviewing statistics on violence against LGBT people internationally and in the US. Reasons for this violence include challenging gender norms and laws/policies that criminalize LGBT identities. The psychological effects of victimization are also discussed. The document argues that mental health professionals should play a greater role in advocating for LGBT social justice issues and rights.
The profile of the perpetrators of the Holey Artisan Bakery attack in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in 2016 – middle-class and well-educated youths – challenged many preconceptions about the motivations of violent extremists. To inform new investment in preventing violent extremism, GCERF has analysed perceptions towards violent extremism among 2,500 students in Dhaka.
Design your own spring break course may 3 2012vzayas
This document discusses emotional self-awareness and social awareness, with a focus on handling emotions in relationships skillfully and with harmony. It addresses issues like school violence, bullying, cyberbullying, hate crimes, road rage, and how cultural diversity, gender differences, and other factors influence violence in society. The document provides statistics on cyberbullying prevalence and effects. It promotes the Miami Dade College Violence Prevention Initiative to increase awareness of violence as a public health issue and encourage students to recognize their role in changing cultures that tolerate violence.
This document summarizes a webinar on co-occurring risk behaviors during adolescence. The webinar objectives were to describe how youth risk behaviors are correlated, identify factors that place youth at risk for multiple outcomes, consider how teen pregnancy programs address overlapping risk factors, and discuss implications for partnerships and sustainability. The webinar included an overview of youth risk behaviors, lessons from a teen pregnancy prevention program in New Orleans that addressed trauma and mental health needs, and implications for considering common and unique risk factors in programming.
Social workers in the mental health field assess and treat individuals with mental, emotional, or substance abuse issues through therapies, case management, and prevention/education efforts. Concentrations include suicide prevention, especially for adolescents and youth, where suicide is a leading cause of death. Risk factors for suicide ideation include depression, low self-esteem, and lack of support systems. The author wishes to work on a macro-level in areas like policy, advocacy, research, and legislation to help at-risk groups like LGBT youth who are disproportionately impacted by suicide risks.
Social Media Statistics Thesis by Slidesgo.pptxArafathMahmud1
The document discusses the links between social media use, internet use, and suicide attempts among adolescents. It finds that increased social media usage has been associated with higher rates of depression and anxiety in teens. Cyberbullying and online harassment on social media can contribute to suicidal thoughts in young people. Risk factors for suicide attempts among adolescents include high levels of social media use, low self-esteem, feelings of isolation, and lack of parental supervision of online activities. Preventive measures recommended include promoting healthy social media habits, increasing access to mental health resources, and fostering positive relationships and coping skills to support adolescent well-being.
This grant proposal seeks funding for a program to reduce smoking and smoking-related deaths in Gallatin County, Kentucky. According to data, smoking rates and lung cancer deaths are higher in Gallatin County than statewide averages. The proposal outlines a series of evidence-based interventions targeting adolescents and adults, including educational sessions addressing media influences, stress management, and social influences on smoking. The goal is to reduce adult smoking rates by 30% and the number of households with smokers by 50% by 2020 to ultimately lower lung cancer mortality in the county. A needs assessment provides background on the county's demographics, health indicators, and behavioral and environmental factors related to tobacco use.
How does youth violence affect health?
Deaths resulting from youth violence are only part of the problem. Many young people need medical care for violence-related injuries. These injuries can include cuts, bruises, broken bones, and gunshot wounds. Some injuries, like gunshot wounds, can lead to lasting disabilities.
Violence can also affect the health of communities. It can increase health care costs, decrease property values, and disrupt social services.
The document provides a community health assessment of Montgomery County from 2013. It includes sections on demographics, health data, health behaviors, selected health priorities, existing health resources, and next steps. Some key findings are that cancer and heart disease are leading causes of death. Premature death rates meet benchmarks but mental health and low birthweight rates are higher than targets. Reproductive health and prenatal care were identified as priority areas for improvement. The assessment aims to inform future strategic planning and action to address community health needs.
This document provides an overview of youth violence prevention and intervention. It discusses terminology, characteristics of violent youth, risk factors in their development, family and community environments, and key loci for intervention. While research on violent youth has been ongoing since the 1940s, prevention of youth violence remains a challenge as the statistics on youth arrests for violence have increased over the past few decades. The document emphasizes that prevention is more effective than intervention for long-term positive impact, though prevention programs can take years to show effects while intervention programs address immediate problems.
Causes of Juvenile Delinquency in the Higher Secondary School Studentsiosrjce
The present investigation aims at studying the contribution of the areas related to causes of juvenile
delinquency in higher secondary school students of Imphal West District of Manipur. From the results of the
research the causes of juvenile delinquency are-personal factors contribute the development of juvenile
delinquency, social factor also contributes the development of juvenile delinquency, psychological factors also
contribute the development of juvenile delinquency and academic factors also contribute to the development of
juvenile delinquency. The findings may help to improve the solution of the problems requires preventive as well
as curative measures of juvenile delinquency in our society
This document is a capstone paper submitted for a Master's degree in Philanthropy and Development. It explores best practices in youth philanthropy through a literature review and case study of programs at Pennsylvania State University. The literature review finds that youth philanthropy initiatives are important for positive youth development and that they provide benefits like learning life skills while improving academic performance. However, there are also barriers like socioeconomic factors, adult perceptions of youth, and a lack of transportation that must be addressed. The case study examines specific programs at Penn State like a senior class gift program, a student philanthropy council, and a dance marathon that raises funds for pediatric cancer research. The paper aims to provide recommendations for engaging youth in philanth
The document outlines a blueprint for the Mountain States Regional Health Equity Council (RHEC) to address health disparities in Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. It discusses regional demographics, health and healthcare disparities, and social determinants of health that disproportionately impact minority groups. The RHEC will work to create health equity in the region through partnerships, prioritizing access to care, disease prevention, and addressing social challenges like poverty, education, and transportation that influence health outcomes. The appendix provides state-specific data and summaries of goals from the National Partnership for Action to address and eliminate health disparities in the Mountain States region.
Report to the Board of Regents 2015-2016 FinalSamantha Rose
This document summarizes the key findings of a report by student representatives to the Board of Regents on mental health issues facing university students. It finds that approximately 1 in 3 students report having been diagnosed with a mental health condition such as depression or anxiety. Mental health issues negatively impact students' academic performance and graduation rates. While demand for services is growing, barriers like stigma, lack of awareness, and limited access to care prevent many students from receiving effective treatment. The report calls on university leadership to make mental health a priority and address barriers to ensure student health, safety and success.
The document provides recommendations for the Santa Clara County Public Health Department to establish goals and activities to prevent violence. It summarizes findings from an assessment of local violence data and interviews with community leaders. Key recommendations include establishing goals to frame violence as a public health issue, increase evidence-based prevention practices, integrate prevention into department programs, change social norms, and advance neighborhood-level strategies targeting high-risk groups. The department will continue prioritizing recommendations and seeking resources to implement them.
By David F. Larcker, Brian Tayan, CGRI Survey Series. Corporate Governance Research Initiative, Stanford Rock Center for Corporate Governance, October 2018
In summer and fall 2018, the Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University conducted a nationwide survey of 3,544 individuals — representative by gender, race, age, household income, and state residence — to understand how the American public views CEOs who take public positions on environmental, social, and political issues.
“We find that the public is highly divided about CEOs who take vocal positions on social, environmental, or political issues,” says Professor David F. Larcker, Stanford Graduate School of Business. “While some applaud CEOs who speak up, others strongly disapprove. The divergence in opinions is striking. CEOs who take public positions on specific issues might build loyalty with their employees or customers, but these same positions can inadvertently alienate important segments of those populations. The cost of CEO activism might be higher than many CEOs, companies, or boards realize.”
“Hot-button issues are hot for a reason,” adds Brian Tayan, researcher at Stanford Graduate School of Business. “Interestingly, people are much more likely to think of products they have stopped using than products they have started using because of a position the CEO took on a public issue. When consumers don’t like what they hear, they react the best way they know how to: by closing their wallets.”
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there.docxarmitageclaire49
The job is just to read each individual peer post that I put there and respond to them with a response of 3-4 sentences long
Peer #1
For the Research Assignment, I have chosen to focus on an area of Healthcare that rarely gets the
attention it deserves Mental health. I
chose this topic because I am personally effected by it and so are many millions of Americans. Mental illness is also one of the leading causes of
death in our nation and one life is lost as a result of suicide, abuse or incarceration every 17mins in the United States. Mental illness has been my
area of focus throughout this program and the advocacy and participatory philosophy will be useful for the final project because it suggests that “
that research inquiry needs to be intertwined with politics and a political agenda” (Creswell, p.9). I do believe that mental health has a specific
agenda for a study and that there has been constant aim for reform in healthcare and mental health. This social issue is definitely pertinent right
now and topics that address it such as “empowerment, inequality, oppression, domination, suppression, and alienation” (Creswell, p.9), and are
really the focus of the study. The goal of this project for me, is to provide a voice to participants and give them the ability address the concerns that
will lead to reform.
According to Kemmis and Wilkinson (1998) this philosophy offers four key features of the advocacy/participatory framework of inquiry:
1. Participatory actions are focused on bringing about change, and at the end of this type of study, researchers create an action agenda for change.
2. It is focused on freeing individuals from societal constraints, which is why the study begins with an important issue currently in society.
3. It aims to create a political debate so that change will occur.
4. Since advocacy/participatory researchers engage participants as active contributors to the research, it is a collaborative experience.
Research Problem Statement
My Vision is to Provide members of the community with the opportunities and education needed to prevent death due to suicide, acts of self-harm
and the traumatic impact of mental illness. By promoting resilience, the enhancement of community resources, conflict resolution and support for
individuals, families and the communities of those who suffer with mental disorders, illness or have a sudden mental health crisis. The target
population includes all individuals within Chatham County, with unmet mental health needs. These individuals are currently not being served by
traditional methods due to financial, structural, and personal barriers including access and stigma. Untreated mental health issues of these
individuals put them at risk for exacerbation of physical health problems, suicide attempts, premature moves to long-term care se.
Disparities in health outcomes are a result of a myriad of socio-ecological factors that are linked to education, employment, income, discrimination based on race/ethnicity, gender, religion, sexual orientation, geographic location, mental health and/or disability. These factors are commonly referred to as social determinants of health (SDOH). The World Health Organization defines SDOH as the conditions in which people are born, grow up, work and live and the structures and systems that shape the daily conditions of life. There has been a great deal of research focused on SDOH in the past decade that is critical to informing policy and practice necessary to promote health equity. However, it is also important to acknowledge that this concept is not new. Unacceptable health disparities remain despite substantial evidence, over the past century, which shows SDOH are at the root cause of health disparities.
This document provides a summary of a 2012 community health assessment conducted across 10 counties in Northern Michigan, including a special focus on Montmorency and Otsego Counties. The assessment was funded by various healthcare organizations and conducted over 15 months using the Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) framework. Key findings from the assessment include that residents experience barriers to healthcare access and healthy behaviors related to obesity, physical activity, access to healthy foods and recreation, alcohol and drug use, and tobacco use. The assessment gathered data on over 250 health indicators and identified social and economic factors like lower education levels and income as influencing community health.
This document provides an overview of a research project examining intimate partner violence (IPV) among young people ages 12-24 in Belize, with an emphasis on cyber abuse. The researchers conducted a literature review on existing studies related to gender-based violence, bullying, and healthy relationships. They then administered an online survey to 59 young people and held a focus group with 4 young adults to understand their views and experiences related to dating, IPV, and cyber abuse. The methodology section outlines the mixed methods research design using qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The research aimed to answer questions about perceptions of IPV and healthy relationships among youth, as well as understanding of cyber-based gender violence.
This document discusses approaches to eliminating childhood violence. It argues that increased cooperation is needed between schools, child welfare systems, and police to identify abused children and those showing early signs of violence. It also suggests that exposure to violent media and entertainment may encourage violence in children. The document advocates for a no-tolerance policy for child abuse, increased funding for research on effective treatment approaches, and prioritizing treatment over punishment for violent children.
Supporting Student Mental Health and Well-Being: Creating Cultures of Care an..."Glenn "Max"" McGee
Community Conversation Presentation to the Deer Valley (AZ) School District on how schools and communities can support student mental health and wellness.
This document discusses drug use and abuse among youth in Borno State, Nigeria. It begins by explaining that drug addiction is a complex brain disease that is difficult to quit, even for those who want to, due to changes in brain function from prolonged drug use. The paper then explores the negative impacts of drug use among Nigerian youth, such as health issues, lost productivity, and crime. It discusses how factors like peer pressure, lack of parental guidance, and unemployment can contribute to youth drug abuse. The document also provides background on how drugs affect the brain's reward system and notes that addiction is a relapsing condition where treatment may need to be adjusted over time. In summary, the paper examines the problem of rising drug abuse among
Similar to Youth Suicide Preliminary Data Report (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Youth Suicide Preliminary Data Report
1. Page | 0
Tri-County Youth Suicide
Preliminary Data Report
Corbin J. Standley, B.S.
Michigan State University
May 1, 2018
2. Page | 1
Table of Contents
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................................................2
Acknowledgements..........................................................................................................................................3
Overall Dashboard...........................................................................................................................................4
Middle School Dashboard...............................................................................................................................5
High School Dashboard...................................................................................................................................6
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................7
Data Sources......................................................................................................................................................8
Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY).........................................................................................8
Suicide-Related Questions.....................................................................................................................8
Missing and Invalid Data.........................................................................................................................9
Aggregate Data.............................................................................................................................................9
Methods and Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 10
Data Usage and Security.......................................................................................................................... 10
Indicators and Research Questions ...................................................................................................... 10
Sample.......................................................................................................................................................... 11
Analysis........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Findings............................................................................................................................................................. 12
National Data............................................................................................................................................. 12
Michigan Data............................................................................................................................................. 12
MiPHY Data................................................................................................................................................ 12
Gender.................................................................................................................................................... 12
Race and Ethnicity ................................................................................................................................ 13
Sexual Orientation ............................................................................................................................... 15
Recommendations......................................................................................................................................... 16
Public Policy................................................................................................................................................ 16
Interventions and Programs.................................................................................................................... 16
Future Research ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Data Next Steps.................................................................................................................................... 17
Focus Groups ........................................................................................................................................ 17
Theory of Change..................................................................................................................................... 18
References....................................................................................................................................................... 19
Appendix A ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
3. Page | 2
Executive Summary
In response to rising youth suicide rates in mid-Michigan, the LifeSavers Suicide Prevention
Coalition was established in partnership with Community Mental Health (CEI-CMH) and the
Eaton Regional Education Service Agency (Eaton RESA). As a part of this Coalition, the steering
committee engaged Corbin J. Standley, doctoral student in Ecological-Community Psychology at
Michigan State University, to conduct a secondary data analysis study to determine the risk and
protective factors for youth suicide in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties. This report addresses
the first of three major questions proposed in the study: What are the major demographic risk
factors for youth in the tri-county area? Subsequent questions will be addressed in future reports.
Data for the study came from the 2015-2016 wave of the Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth
(MiPHY) survey provided in accordance with a data use agreement with the Michigan Department
of Education. Additional publicly available aggregate data are also presented. The study began in
January of 2018.
Major findings from the study include the following:
1. In the state of Michigan, suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people
ages 15-34 and the third leading cause of death for youth ages 10-14.
2. Over six percent of youth in the tri-county area reported having attempted suicide. This
means that, on average, in a classroom of 33 students, two students have attempted
suicide.
3. Over 1,400 students (13.1%) in the tri-county area reported having seriously considered
suicide.
4. Female middle school and high school students are significantly more likely to report
experiencing suicidal ideation and having planned to attempt than are male students.
5. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual students are significantly more likely to report experiencing
suicidal ideation and having planned to attempt than are heterosexual students.
There are five major recommendations based upon these findings:
1. The prevention, education, and intervention efforts of the Coalition might benefit from
having an agreed-upon Theory of Change which could promote alignment of efforts and
a prioritized set of outcomes and metrics.
2. Programs and interventions aimed at youth suicide prevention should work to address
the issue at the individual, community, and systems levels in order to create change
across contexts.
3. The implementation of a peer-to-peer support program in local schools could serve as
a great way to (1) build social support for students, (2) increase students’ ability to
intervene in crisis situations, and (3) foster a culture of mental health promotion and
wellness.
4. Further research is necessary in order to fill gaps uncovered in the data. Qualitative
research methods have the potential to shed light on important areas such as resilience
and coping skills, mental health, and social support.
5. The LifeSavers’ efforts would benefit greatly from the input, feedback, and inclusion of
youth, parents, and representatives from marginalized populations in order to more
accurately reflect the community it aims to serve.
4. Page | 3
Acknowledgements
This initiative and the following report would not have been possible without the support of the
following individuals and organizations. Their dedication, passion, and drive helped make this
project successful.
Kim Thalison
Prevention Services Supervisor
Eaton RESA
Jody Nelson
Prevention Therapist, Families Forward
Community Mental Health
Joel Hoepfner
Prevention and Outreach Coordinator
Community Mental Health
Annemarie Hodges
Temporary Survey Specialist
Michigan Department of Education
Nicole Kramer
Survey Specialist
Michigan Department of Education
Abigail Lynch
Community Health Promotion Specialist
Barry-Eaton District Health Department
This report contains citations and references in according to the American Psychological Association Publication Manual, 6th
Edition. This study was approved by the Michigan Department of Education and was conducted in accordance with all
ethical guidelines set forth by the American Psychological Association.
5. Page | 4
Overall Dashboard
The following infographics display findings and demographics from the Youth Suicide Data Initiative. Data
represent a total of 11,221 students across middle schools and high schools in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham
counties who participated in the 2015-2016 wave of the MiPHY survey.
Sadness and Hopelessness Survey Demographics
Females students were 1.8 times more likely to
report these feelings than were male students.
A total of 11,221 students completed the MiPHY survey
during the 2015-2016 year.
LGB Students Race/Ethnicity of Students
1.6% American Indian
2.1% Arab/Chaldean
4.4% Asian
9.2% Black
13.7% Hispanic/Latino
63.3% White
A total of 2,315 students (20.6%) did not respond to
this question.
6.1% of respondents indicated “Other” or did not respond to
this question.
Students Who Have Attempted Suicide
For 7th
-grade students, this is over a lifetime. For 9th
- and 11th
-grade students, this is over the previous 12 months.
Middle School 3,985
High School 7,236
Male 51.1%
Female 48.4%
As/Bs 74.7%
Ds/Fs 4.4%
Number of students
who report having
attempted suicide.
229
278
173
7th Grade
9th Grade
11th Grade
Percentage of
students who report
feeling sadness or
hopelessness that
interferes with daily
activities.
21.6%38.4%
83.9% Heterosexual
8.8% Not Sure
6.1% Bisexual
1.2% Gay or Lesbian
6. Page | 5
Middle School Dashboard
The following infographics display the major findings from the Youth Suicide Data Initiative. Data
represent a total of 3,985 students across middle schools in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties who
participated in the 2015-2016 wave of the MiPHY survey.
Sexual Orientation*
Gender
Gay and lesbian students were 4.7 times more likely to report suicidal ideation
than heterosexual students.
χ2
(1, N = 3357) = 62.52 p <.001
Bullying Suicide Plan
Those who reported being bullied were 3.5 times
more likely to report considering suicide.
Female students were two times more likely to report having
seriously considering suicide.
Suicide Attempts Sadness and Hopelessness
Female students were 1.6 times more likely to report these
feelings than were male students.
Suicidal Ideation
On average, in a classroom of 26 students, about four students have seriously considered attempting suicide.
*
These data should be interpreted with the understanding that the number of students
identifying as LGB was significantly smaller than those identifying as heterosexual.
Females were
1.81 times
more likely to
report
considering
suicide.
Percentage of
students who
reported
experiencing suicidal
ideation in the
previous 12 months
by sexual orientation.
16.1%
75.0%
62.3%
15.4%
Heterosexual
Gay or Lesbian
Bisexual
Not Sure
Percentage of students
who reported being
bullied while at school.
35.8% 26.8%
404
(10.1%) students reported
having made a plan for
attempting suicide.
19.8%
percent of students reported
feeling sadness or
hopelessness that interferes
with daily activities.
5.7%
percent of students
reported having
attempted suicide at
some point in their
lives.
15.5%
of students report
having seriously
considered suicide.
7. Page | 6
High School Dashboard
The following infographics display the major findings from the Youth Suicide Data Initiative. Data
represent a total of 7,236 students across high schools in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties who
participated in the 2015-2016 wave of the MiPHY survey.
Sexual Orientation*
Gender
Bisexual students were 4.12 times more likely to report experiencing suicidal
ideation than heterosexual students.
χ2
(1, N = 5682) = 170.65 p <.001
Bullying Suicide Plan
Those who reported being bullied were 3 times more
likely to report considering suicide.
Female students were 2.4 times more likely to report having
seriously considering suicide.
Number of Attempts Sadness and Hopelessness
Male students reported more suicide attempts in the
previous 12 months than did female students.
Female students were 1.9 times more likely to report these
feelings than were male students.
Suicidal Ideation
On average, in a classroom of 26 students, about five students have seriously considered attempting suicide.
*
These data should be interpreted with the understanding that the number of students
identifying as LGB was significantly smaller than those identifying as heterosexual.
Females were
2.13 times
more likely to
report
considering
suicide.14.4%
44.0%
59.3%
29.4%
Heterosexual
Gay or Lesbian
Bisexual
Not Sure
Percentage of students
who reported being
bullied while at school.
26.3% 16.5%
825
(14.5%) students reported
having made a plan for
attempting suicide.
26.6%
percent of students reported
feeling sadness or
hopelessness that interferes
with daily activities.
Percentage of
students who
reported
experiencing suicidal
ideation in the
previous 12 months
by sexual orientation.
18.7%
of students report
having seriously
considered suicide.
92.1% 0 Times
4.1% 1 Time 0.6% 4-5 Times
2.1% 2-3 Times 1.1% 6+ Times
8. Page | 7
Introduction
orldwide, almost 800,000 people die by suicide each year.1
Recently, suicide rates have
reached a 30-year high in the United States with
the sharpest increases occurring in the last 10 years.2 3
Even more alarming, suicide is the second leading cause
of death among 15-29-year-olds globally.1
Moreover, in
the U.S., suicide is currently the third leading cause of
death among youth ages 10 to 14, and the second leading
cause of death among youth and young adults ages 15 to
34.4
In 2016, an average of one young person (age 24 or
younger) died by suicide every 92 minutes—an average
of 15.6 suicides per day.5
To that end, the LifeSavers Suicide Prevention Coalition (“LifeSavers”) emerged out of a
partnership between Community Mental Health (CEI-CMH) and the Eaton Regional Education
Service Agency (Eaton RESA) in order to investigate and work to stop the rising youth suicide rates
in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties in mid-Michigan. The LifeSavers brings together stakeholders
from across these three counties in order to address the issue of youth suicide. Members of the
LifeSavers include representatives from education, juvenile justice, mental health, policy and local
government, and local non-profit organizations.
Once established, the LifeSavers’ steering committee partnered with Corbin J. Standley and
Michigan State University to establish the Youth Suicide Data Initiative. The purpose of the project
is to examine existing data to better understand the incidence of youth suicide in Clinton, Eaton,
and Ingham counties in order to uncover risk, preventive factors for youth suicide and use that
information to inform prevention and intervention strategies.
The following report is the result of those efforts. Data from the 2015-2016 wave of the Michigan
Profile for Health Youth (MiPHY), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and
Community Commons, were analyzed over a period of four months to inform the results.
Implications for policy, practice, and future research are also discussed.
The study was approved by the Michigan Department of Education and was conducted in
accordance with all ethical guidelines set forth by the American Psychological Association. Any
questions, concerns, or feedback regarding the methods or findings in this report should be
directed to:
Corbin J. Standley
Ph.D. Student, Ecological-Community Psychology
Michigan State University
corbinjs@msu.edu
(801) 675-7796
W Suicidal ideation and
suicide attempts are the
most commonly
reported mental health
crises among youth.6
9. Page | 8
Data Sources
Multiple sources of data were utilized for the development of this report. Each source is discussed
in detail below.
Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY)
The Michigan Profile for Healthy Youth (MiPHY) is an online student health survey administered
by the Michigan Department of Education (MDE) and the Michigan Department of Health and
Human Services (MDHHS) to support local and regional needs assessment. The MiPHY provides
student results on health risk behaviors including substance use, violence, physical activity, nutrition,
sexual behavior, and emotional health in middle schools (seventh grade) and high schools (ninth
and eleventh grades) across the state. The survey also measures risk and protective factors most
predictive of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and violence.
Suicide-Related Questions
Table 1 below lists the suicide-related questions asked in the MiPHY survey. Given the way in which
the questions are asked, the results in this report are presented separately for middle school and
high school students. Analyses for “Sadness and Hopelessness” and “Suicide Attempt Injury” are
not reported beyond this point but will be made available in subsequent reports. Comparisons
between middle school and high school results should be done cautiously and with the
understanding that the data represent responses to different questions.
Table 1. Suicide-related questions in the MiPHY survey by school level.
Construct Middle School Survey High School Survey
Sadness and
Hopelessness
148. During the past 12 months,
did you ever feel so sad or
hopeless almost every day for two
weeks or more in a row that you
stopped doing some usual
activities?
163. During the past 12 months,
did you ever feel so sad or
hopeless almost every day for two
weeks or more in a row that you
stopped doing some usual
activities?
Suicidal Ideation
149. Have you ever seriously
thought about killing yourself?
164. During the past 12 months,
did you ever seriously consider
attempting suicide?
Suicide Plan
150. Have you ever made a plan
about how you would kill yourself?
165. During the past 12 months,
did you make a plan about how
you would attempt suicide?
Suicide Attempts
151. Have you ever tried to kill
yourself?
166. During the past 12 months,
how many times did you actually
attempt suicide?
Suicide Attempt
Injury
152. If you attempted suicide
during the past 12 months, did any
attempt result in an injury,
poisoning, or overdose that had to
be treated by a doctor or nurse?
167. If you attempted suicide
during the past 12 months, did any
attempt result in an injury,
poisoning, or overdose that had to
be treated by a doctor or nurse?
10. Page | 9
Missing and Invalid Data
Of the 12,475 completed MiPHY surveys during the 2015-2016 wave, 1,254 (10.1%) were not
included in the analyses. Table 2 below details the reasoning behind their exclusion. After eliminating
invalid surveys, the data reported herein come from a total valid sample of 11,221 middle and high
school students in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties.
Table 2. Count and percentage of excluded surveys by reasoning and school level.
Reasoning n %
Middle School
Chosen grade does not exist for survey1
38 0.9%
Response count less than 20%2
93 2.3%
Total 131 3.2%
High School
Chosen grade does not exist for survey 797 9.5%
Response count less than 20% 326 3.9%
Total 1,123 13.4%
Total 1,254 10.1%
1
Student selected a grade other than the grade selected for participation in the survey.
2
Student responded to fewer than 20% of the questions asked.
Aggregate Data
National and state-level aggregate data were obtained from a variety of sources including the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Community Commons, and the American
Association of Suicidology (AAS). Data reports sourced include the U.S.A. Suicide 2016: Official Final
Data report (Drapeau & McIntosh, 2017), the 10 Leading Causes of Death report (CDC, 2016), and
the Rural Suicide Rates report (CDC, 2017).
11. Page | 10
Methods and Analysis
The findings reported herein emerged from a quantitative study of secondary data from the sources
described above. Secondary data analysis can be defined as “second-hand” analysis. It is the analysis
of information that was either gathered by someone else or for some other purpose other than
the one currently being considered. Secondary data analysis is helpful in (1) providing a baseline
with which to compare other data, (2) designing potential subsequent research, and (3) informing
recommendations for policy, practice, and research.
Data Usage and Security
In January of 2018, a data use agreement was made between Eaton RESA (on behalf of the LifeSavers
Suicide Prevention Coalition) and the Michigan Department of Education (see Appendix A). As a
part of this agreement, the complete electronic database of 2015-2016 individual, student-level
MiPHY survey data from all Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham county middle and high school buildings
who participated in the MiPHY survey during the 2015-2016 academic year were sent to Corbin J.
Standley (hereafter referred to as “the researcher”). These data did not include school building or
district identifiers in an effort to maintain data confidentiality. The data from each district and
county were combined into two separate databases (high school and middle school).
As a part of this agreement, the researcher employed all data usage protocols set forth by the
Michigan Department of Education in order to maintain the reliability and validity of the results
and, most importantly, the anonymity of students. Data based upon a sample size of fewer than 10
students are suppressed in this and all reports resulting from these data. These raw data were not
shared or distributed and were maintained on the researcher’s encrypted computer and secure
server in accordance with the agreement.
Indicators and Research Questions
In collaboration with the LifeSavers’ steering committee, a preliminary list of factors and indicators
of interest were identified including suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, substance and alcohol use,
school climate, and demographic factors such as race and ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, and
county. In an effort to determine the risk and preventive factors for youth suicide in the tri-county
area, three primary research questions emerged from these preliminary indicators and guided the
analysis of the data. The findings reported herein attempt to answer the first of following three
questions.
1. What are the major demographic risk factors for youth in the tri-county area?
2. Is school climate significantly related to suicidal ideation or suicide risk among youth? In
what ways?
3. What are the major protective factors for youth suicide? To what extent are they
available to youth in the tri-county area?
12. Page | 11
Sample
The data represent a total of 11,221 students across middle schools and high schools in Clinton,
Eaton, and Ingham counties who participated in the 2015-2016 wave of the MiPHY survey. Table 3
below outlines the demographic characteristics of the sample.
Table 3. Demographic characteristics of students who participated in the 2015-2016 wave of the MiPHY survey.
Demographic n %*
County
Clinton 1,889 16.8%
Eaton 2,919 26.0%
Ingham 6,413 57.2%
Gender
Male 5,731 51.3%
Female 5,432 48.7%
School Level
Middle School 3,985 35.5%
High School 7,236 64.5%
Sexual Orientation
Bisexual 543 4.8%
Gay or Lesbian 110 1.0%
Heterosexual 7472 66.6%
Not Sure 781 7.0%
Academics
As/Bs 8,385 76.0%
Cs 1,463 13.3%
Ds/Fs 488 4.5%
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian/Alaska Native 177 1.6%
Arab/Chaldean 238 2.2%
Asian 477 4.4%
Black 996 9.2%
Hispanic/Latino 1533 13.8%
White 7101 65.7%
TOTAL 11,221
*
Percentages within a category may not add up to 100% given missing data and incomplete survey responses.
Analysis
Data were analyzed using version 24 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
Descriptive statistics, correlational analyses, t-tests, and analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used
to analyze the data. For reports of statistical significance for correlations, the Pearson correlation
coefficient (r) measures the strength of a linear relationship between two variables. For statistical
significance for ANOVAs, Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test measures the degree of variance between
the means of two samples on a given variable. T-test values determine whether two averages are
statistically significant from one another. F-test values determine whether the averages of the
compared groups significantly differ from each other.
13. Page | 12
Findings
National Data
Suicide rates in the United States have reached a 30-year high with
the sharpest increases occurring in the last 10 years.2, 3
Moreover,
in the U.S., suicide is currently the third leading cause of death
among youth ages 10 to 14, and the second leading cause of death
among youth and young adults ages 15 to 34.4
In 2016, an average
of one young person (age 24 or younger) died by suicide every 92
minutes—an average of 15.6 suicides per day.5
Michigan Data
In general, suicide rates in the Midwestern United States are lower
than the national average. Based on 2016 rates, Michigan currently
ranks 34th
in the nation for suicide deaths.5
In addition, suicide is the
second leading cause of death among youth and young adults ages
15-34 and the third leading cause of death among youth ages 10-14
in the state. On average, one person dies by suicide every six hours
in Michigan. Moreover, in 2010, suicide is estimated to have cost the
state of Michigan more than 1.5 billion dollars in medical costs and
work loss.7
MiPHY Data
The following paragraphs report the findings specific to the 2015-
2016 wave of the MiPHY survey conducted in middle schools and
high schools in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties. These data are
representative only of these counties and age groups and should not
be generalized to broader populations.
Gender
Findings indicate that female high school students were significantly
more likely to report experiencing suicidal ideation (t (5680) = -
13.26, p < .001) and having planned to attempt (t (5650) = -9.91, p
< .001) in the previous 12 months than were male students. This
same pattern emerged among middle school students such that
female students were significantly more likely to report
experiencing suicidal ideation (t (3355) = -7.98, p < .001) and having
planned to attempt (t (3349) = -7.32, p < .001) in their lifetime.
High school and middle school students differed with regards to
gender and suicide attempts such that high school males were
reported more suicide attempts in the previous 12 months than did
female students (t (5684) = 5.21, p < .001). Conversely, middle
school females were more likely to report attempting in their
lifetime than were males (t (3345) = -6.25, p < .001).
Key Findings
1. Female students are
significantly more likely to
report experiencing suicidal
ideation and having planned
to attempt suicide than are
male students.
2. High school students with
multiple racial identities
(both Hispanic and non-
Hispanic) were significantly
more likely to report
suicidal ideation and report
having planned to attempt
suicide than were students
of other racial identities.
3. Black/African American
students were most likely
to report having attempted
suicide, followed by White
and multiple identity
(Hispanic) students,
respectively.
4. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual
students are significantly
more likely to report
experiencing suicidal
ideation, having planned to
attempt, as well as attempt
suicide more frequently
than their heterosexual
peers.
14. Page | 13
Table 4. Means and response rates for suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempts among high school and
middle school students by gender.
Middle School High School
Outcome Variable by Gender n M n M
Suicidal Ideation
Female 1661 1.76 2800 1.75
Male 1696 1.87 2885 1.88
Suicide Plan
Female 1660 1.84 2784 1.81
Male 1691 1.92 2868 1.90
Suicide Attempts
Female 1663 1.90 2801 1.18
Male 1684 1.96 2885 1.10
Race and Ethnicity
Significant differences in suicidal ideation, plans to attempt suicide, and suicide attempts as a function
of racial identity emerged across middle school and high school students. Means and response rates
for these findings are reported in Table 5 on page 14. Data representing responses from a pool of
fewer than ten students are suppressed to protect student anonymity.
Middle School
Among middle school students, no significant differences in suicidal ideation by racial or ethnic
identity emerged such that no group or groups of students were significantly more likely to report
experiencing suicidal ideation than any other group (F (6, 3230) = 2.59, p < .05). With regards to
planning, only one significant difference emerged such that multiple identity (Hispanic) students
were significantly more likely to report having planned to attempt suicide than were White students
(F (6, 3228) = 3.38, p < .01).
Significant differences with regard to suicide attempts among middle school students emerged in
three cases such that those with multiple racial identities (including Hispanic) were significantly less
likely to report attempting suicide than were Black/African American or White students.
Black/African American students were most likely to report attempting, followed by White and
multiple identity (Hispanic) students, respectively (F (6, 3222) = 3.27, p < .01).
High School
Among high school students, significant differences with regards to suicide were found among four
racial groups such that students with multiple racial identities (both Hispanic and non-Hispanic)
were significantly more likely to report experiencing suicidal ideation than were White or Asian
students. Multiple identity (Hispanic) students were most likely to report ideation followed by
multiple identity (non-Hispanic), White, and Asian students, respectively. Reports of ideation
between White and Asian students did not significantly differ from each other (F (6, 5510) = 5.72,
p < .001).
Similarly, significant differences emerged with regards to having planned to attempt suicide among
five racial groups such that students with multiple racial identities (both Hispanic and non-Hispanic)
were significantly more likely to report having planned to attempt suicide than were White,
Black/African American, or Asian students. Multiple identity (Hispanic) students were most likely
15. Page | 14
to report having planned to attempt followed by multiple identity (non-Hispanic), White,
Black/African American, and Asian students, respectively. Reports of planned attempts between
White, Black/African American, and Asian students did not significantly differ from each other (F
(6, 5481) = 7.68, p < .001).
Lastly, significant differences emerged for number of attempts among four racial groups such that
students with multiple identities (including Hispanic) reported significantly more attempts than did
White or Asian students, respectively. Moreover, Black/African American students reported
significantly more attempts than did White or Asian students, respectively. No significant
differences between Asian and White students or between multiple identity (Hispanic) and
Black/African American students emerged (F (6, 5515) = 11.59, p < .001).
Table 5. Means and response rates for suicidal ideation, planned attempts, and suicide attempts among high school
and middle school students by race.
Middle School High School
Outcome Variable by Race n M n M
Suicidal Ideation
American Indian/Alaska Native 87 1.86 55 1.78
Asian 148 1.86 231 1.88
Black/African American 298 1.85 481 1.81
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander -*
- 12 1.75
White 1998 1.82 3776 1.83
Multiple-Hispanic 479 1.77 578 1.75
Multiple-Non-Hispanic 225 1.78 384 1.76
Suicide Plan
American Indian/Alaska Native 86 1.90 53 1.83
Asian 147 1.89 230 1.89
Black/African American 296 1.91 481 1.89
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander - - 11 1.64
White 2001 1.89 3756 1.87
Multiple-Hispanic 479 1.84 571 1.79
Multiple-Non-Hispanic 224 1.84 386 1.80
Suicide Attempts
American Indian/Alaska Native 86 1.92 53 1.08
Asian 147 1.95 231 1.06
Black/African American 298 1.95 483 1.24
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander - - 12 1.50
White 1997 1.94 3775 1.11
Multiple-Hispanic 476 1.89 580 1.27
Multiple-Non-Hispanic 223 1.93 388 1.18
*
Data suppressed due to number of responses.
16. Page | 15
Sexual Orientation
Significant differences with regard to suicidal ideation, having made a plan to attempt, attempting
suicide, and number of attempts as a function of sexual orientation emerged across both middle
school and high school students. Means and response rates for these findings are reported in Table
6 below.
Among middle school students, students who identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual were significantly
more likely to report experiencing suicidal ideation than were heterosexual students or students
unsure of their orientation (F (3, 3222) = 85.98, p < .001). Similarly, students identifying as gay or
lesbian were most likely to report having planned to attempt followed by bisexual students (F (3,
3222) = 83.11, p < .001). Heterosexual students and those unsure of their orientation were least
likely to report having a plan and did not significantly differ from one another. Finally, students
identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual were significantly more likely to report having attempted
suicide than were heterosexual students or those unsure of their orientation (F (3, 3216) = 77.19,
p < .001).
Among high school students, those who identified as bisexual were most likely to report
experiencing suicidal ideation in the previous 12 months followed by gay and lesbian students,
students who indicated they were unsure of their orientation, and heterosexual students,
respectively (F (3, 5491) = 192.81, p < .001). These same significant differences were found for
students who reported having planned to attempt suicide, although in this case, gay and lesbian
students did not significantly differ from bisexual students (F (3, 5464) = 138.03, p < .001). Similarly,
students identifying as gay, lesbian, or bisexual were significantly more likely to report a higher
number of suicide attempts followed by those who were unsure of their orientation and
heterosexual students (F (3, 5499) = 87.27, p < .001).
Table 6. Means and response rates for suicidal ideation, planned attempts, and suicide attempts among high school
and middle school students by sexual orientation.
Middle School High School
Outcome Variable by Orientation n M n M
Suicidal Ideation
Bisexual 151 1.38 376 1.41
Gay or Lesbian 16 1.25 91 1.56
Heterosexual 2603 1.84 4725 1.86
Not Sure 456 1.85 303 1.71
Suicide Plan
Bisexual 151 1.53 372 1.55
Gay or Lesbian 16 1.31 91 1.59
Heterosexual 2603 1.90 4700 1.89
Not Sure 456 1.90 305 1.77
Suicide Attempts
Bisexual 150 1.65 376 1.53
Gay or Lesbian 16 1.69 92 1.46
Heterosexual 2600 1.95 4729 1.10
Not Sure 454 1.95 306 1.25
17. Page | 16
Recommendations
Based on the findings presented above, the following paragraphs
discuss recommendations for public policy, interventions and
programs, and future research.
Public Policy
The findings above further emphasize the need for legislative and fiscal
support for policies aimed at suicide prevention among youth.
Included in such policies should be a focus on the multiple contexts in
which youth interact with adults and with each other (i.e. schools,
families, and communities). In addition, bills in the current legislative
session are a step in the right direction. For example, House Bill 4772
mandates age-appropriate and medically accurate instruction for
students and teachers regarding the warning signs, risk factors, and
protective factors for suicide and prevention. Such legislation is
imperative if we hope to curb rising youth suicide rates in mid-
Michigan.
Interventions and Programs
Similarly, interventions and programs aimed at suicide prevention
should target multiple ecological levels in order create sustainable
outcomes. For example, the ideal intervention focuses on developing
resilience and mental health among youth, fostering family
relationships, improving community supports, and creating system-
level changes through policy and social norms.
In addition, the implementation of a peer-to-peer support program
within tri-county schools has the potential to accomplish three things.
Firstly, it would aid in building social support for students. Secondly,
it would increase students’ ability to intervene in suicidal crisis
situations. Thirdly, it would help foster a culture of mental health
promotion and wellness both in schools and in communities more
broadly. The Hope Squad model (Hudnall, 2018) is an exemplar
program in this area.
Finally, it is recommended that the LifeSavers develop and adopt a
comprehensive Theory of Change to align its efforts (see Figure 1). A
Theory of Change provides a useful framework for outlining programs
and interventions in terms of desired outcomes via short-term,
intermediate, and long-term outcomes. In addition, a Theory of
Change provides a valuable tool for setting priorities and metrics to
achieve these outcomes.
Key Recommendations
1. The development and
adoption of a Theory of
Change could promote
alignment of efforts and a
prioritized set of outcomes
and metrics.
2. Programs should work to
address suicide across
ecological levels in order to
create change across
contexts.
3. A peer-to-peer support
program in local schools
could serve as a great way to
build social support, increase
students’ ability to intervene,
and foster a culture of mental
health promotion.
4. Further research is necessary
to shed light on important
areas such as resilience and
coping skills, mental health,
and social support.
5. The inclusion of youth,
parents, and representatives
from marginalized populations
could accurately reflect the
community the LifeSavers aim
to serve.
18. Page | 17
Future Research
Further quantitative and qualitative research are recommended in order to holistically understand
the nature of suicidality among youth in the tri-county area.
Data Next Steps
This report presents the preliminary findings from the Youth Data Initiative based on the 2015-
2016 wave of the MiPHY survey. The findings presented pertain only to the demographic factors
related to youth suicide in Clinton, Eaton, and Ingham counties. As such, further analysis of these
data is necessary in order to investigate the remaining questions outlined for this study:
2. Is school climate significantly related to suicidal ideation or suicide risk among youth? In
what ways?
3. What are the major protective factors for youth suicide? To what extent are they available
to youth in the tri-county area?
Additional correlational and ANOVA analyses are necessary as well as multivariate regression
analyses in order to further uncover the risk and protective factors associated with youth suicide.
Such factors include neighborhood environment, school climate, and family support. In addition,
further complex analyses are needed in order to investigate the intersectional relationship between
demographic variables (e.g. racial identity combined with sexual orientation).
Focus Groups
Finally, a subsequent qualitative study is recommended wherein the perspectives and experiences
of youth are uncovered through focus groups and interviewing. In conducting such a study,
experiences at the individual, social, and system levels can be better understood. Moreover,
understanding the individual and collective perceptions and experiences of suicidality among youth
is a useful, often unexplored approach to investigating the issue. Finally, qualitative research
approaches are uniquely positioned to examine the socioecological factors that contribute to youth
suicide given their emphasis on individual stories and collective narratives.
19. Page | 18
Theory of Change
Strategies Short-Term Intermediate Long-Term Outcomes
Decreased
Tri-County
Youth
Suicide
Rate
Improved
Youth
Mental
Health
Decreased
Social
Isolation
Program
Teaching
Youth
Intervention
Skills
Provide
Mental Health
and Suicide
Awareness
Trainings
Mental Health
Resources
Awareness
Campaign
Youth are
Aware of
Mental Health
Resources
Increased
Resilience
Among
Youth
Conversations
About Mental
Health
Normalized
Increased
Access to
Mental
Health
Services
Decreased
Mental
Health
Stigma
Access to MH Services
Resources (e.g. Funding)
Training Opportunities
Mental Health Stigma
Family Environment
Positive Social Support
Rurality and Isolation
Positive School Climate
Religious Attendance
Mental Health Conditions
Resilience
Substance Use
• Race/Ethnicity
• Gender
• Sexual Identity
Factors
Demographic
IndividualCommunitySystem
Figure 1. The graphic below illustrates a proposed theory of change based on the findings reported herein and the relevant scientific literature. It is designed to illustrate the ways in which proposed
interventions and programs contribute to the reduction of youth suicide rates in the tri-county area. A theory of change is a powerful and effective way to promote the alignment of efforts for the
LifeSavers and create a prioritized set of outcomes and metrics.
20. Page | 19
References
7
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). 10 leading causes of death by age group,
United States – 2015. From National Vital Statistics System, National Center for Health
Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html
4
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Americans in rural areas more likely to
die by suicide. From National Vital Statistics System, Morbidity and Mortality Report.
Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p1005-rural-suicide-rates.html
2
Curtin, S. C., Warner, M., Hedegaard, H., & others. (2016). Increase in suicide in the United
States, 1999-2014. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sally_Curtin/publication/301564377_Increase_in_S
uicide_in_the_United_States_1999-2014/links/571a31dc08ae408367bc84d6.pdf
5
Drapeau, C. W. & McIntosh, J. L. (for the American Association of Suicidology). (2017). U.S.A.
suicide 2016: Official final data. Washington, DC: American Association of Suicidology.
Retrieved from http://www.suicidology.org.
Hudnall, G. A. (2018). Hope Squad: The successful suicide prevention program for students.
Springville, UT: Cedar Fort.
6
Miller, A. B., Esposito-Smythers, C., & Leichtweis, R. N. (2015). Role of social support in
adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 286–
292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.265
3
Twenge, J. M. (2017). Insecure: The new mental health crisis. In J. M. Twenge, iGen. New York,
NY: Atria Books, pp. 93-118.
1
World Health Organization. (2018). Suicide: Fact sheet. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/