This document discusses marketing and understanding consumers. It provides definitions of consumer needs as basic human requirements and desires for specific product benefits. An example is given of teenage boys needing brands that support their lifestyles in extreme sports and video games. Consumer insights are described as fresh understandings about consumer beliefs, values, and emotions that can provide competitive advantages. Methods for developing insights include digging deep to find fundamental truths and asking why. Strong insights are ones that express a WOW fundamental truth that a brand can uniquely meet. Examples are given for Mountain Dew and iPad Air.