You will use the ICP echo client and server code (for IPv4 version) tr.pdf

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You will use the ICP echo client and server code (for IPv4 version) trom Donahoo. You will modify the code to do the following. Instead of transmitting a string (passed from the command line) from client to server, you will pass a text file as a command line argument, and transmit the contents of that file to the sender line by line, including line numbers. (Sample file is attached to Canvas). The rest of the arguments will remain the same. While sending data, client will echo it line by line to the screen, along with line numbers. Please keep in mind that your program should work with any file, not just the one that was provided, so hard-coding will not be a good idea. The server will receive the entire file, buffer it until it has the entire contents, and then reverse it and echo (print) it to the standard output (screen). Each revesed line of text will have the correct line number. The last character of the original file will be the first one in the reversed version except line numbes. After that you will print a goodbye message from both the client and the server and close the connection. It is up to you to figure out the details. There are several different solutions to this problem, and everyone's solution may be different. I do recommend that you review how to read from files in C and go over the code line by line following the Chapter 2 in Donahoo. Example output Client output: Sending data to < I P address of the server here > : 1. Hotel California 2. .... (the rest of the file line by line including blank lines and line numbers) Goodbye!!!!! Server output: Received data from < IP address of the client > : 34. 33. Goodbye! C AddressUtility.c C DiewithMessage.c C Practical.h song.txt C TCPClientUtility.c C TCPEchoClient.c C TCPEchoserver.c C TCPServerUtility.c Hotel California On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air Up ahead in the distance, I saw a shimmering light My head grew heavy and my sight grew dim I had to stop for the night There she stood in the doorway I heard the mission bell And I was thinking to myself "This could be Heaven or this could be Hell" Then she lit up a candle and she showed me the way There were voices down the corridor I thought I heard them say Welcome to the Hotel California Such a lovely place (Such a lovely place) Such a lovely face Plenty of room at the Hotel California Any time of year (Any time of year) You can find it here Her mind is Tiffany- twisted, she got the Mercedes bends She got a lot of pretty, pretty boys she calls friends How they dance in the courtyard, sweet summer sweat Some dance to remember, some dance to forget..

Education

Exercise: You will use the TCP echo client and server code (for IPv4 version) from Donahoo. You will modify the code to do the following. Instead of transmitting a string (passed from the command line) from client to server, you will pass a text file as a command line argument, and transmit the contents of that file to the sender line by line, including line numbers. (Sample file is attached to Canvas). The rest of the arguments will remain the same. While sending data, client will echo it line by line to the screen, along with line numbers. Please keep in mind that your program should work with any file, not just the one that was provided, so hard-coding will not be a good idea. The server will receive the entire file, buffer it until it has the entire contents, and then reverse it and echo (print) it to the standard output (screen). Each revesed line of text will have the correct line number. The last character of the original file will be the first one in the reversed version except line numbes. After that you will print a goodbye message from both the client and the server and close the connection. It is up to you to figure out the details. There are several different solutions to this problem, and everyone's solution may be different. I do recommend that you review how to read from files in C and go over the code line by line following the Chapter 2 in Donahoo. Starter Code: TCPEchoServer4.c: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include "Practical.h" #include <unistd.h> static const int MAXPENDING = 5; // Maximum outstanding connection requests int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc != 2) // Test for correct number of arguments DieWithUserMessage("Parameter(s)", "<Server Port>"); in_port_t servPort = atoi(argv[1]); // First arg: local port // Create socket for incoming connections int servSock; // Socket descriptor for server if ((servSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0) DieWithSystemMessage("socket() failed"); // Construct local address structure struct sockaddr_in servAddr; // Local address memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); // Zero out structure servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; // IPv4 address family servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // Any incoming interface servAddr.sin_port = htons(servPort); // Local port // Bind to the local address if (bind(servSock, (struct sockaddr*) &servAddr, sizeof(servAddr)) < 0) DieWithSystemMessage("bind() failed"); // Mark the socket so it will listen for incoming connections if (listen(servSock, MAXPENDING) < 0) DieWithSystemMessage("listen() failed"); for (;;) { // Run forever struct sockaddr_in clntAddr; // Client address // Set length of client address structure (in-out parameter) socklen_t clntAddrLen = sizeof(clntAddr); // Wait for a client to connect int clntSock = accept(servSock, (struct sockaddr *) &clntAddr, &clntAddrLen); if (clntSock < 0).

Choose one of these three options A IPC using FIFO B Shar.pdf

aghsports

Choose one of these three options: A. IPC using FIFO B. Shared memory C. Sockets and Client- Server In this lab, you will be required to write two C routines which talk to each other through a communications channel. You can Choose to either implement the code using FIFOs, a shared memory segment or through the use of sockets. In the description below these will be referred to generically as "the communications channel" or just "the channel". The objective is to create a client-server environment to copy the contents of a file from the client to the server. This will mimic a file UPLOAD process. Your client code will run as a single process on the computer. Your server code must also be run as a separate process on the same computer. This means having two terminal windows running. One for the server, one for the client. No fork() or exec() calls are to be used for this lab. The filename should be supplied to the client as a command line parameter. Your client code, once connected, should send a message to the server. The message should contain a filename. The server should then receive the filename and prepare to receive data. The client should open the file and copy it through the channel to the server. You must only use read() and write() to transfer data through the socket. Each "packet" of information sent must use a structure that contains both the number of bytes being transferred as well as the data stream. Something akin to: struct student_record { int nbytes; char payload[1024]; }; The server code should then accept the data buffer through the channel and writes the identified number of bytes to the local filename. The data exchange should happen in fixed block sizes, say 1024 bytes. When the client sends a packet to the server containing fewer than the expected packet size, your code can assume the client has hit the end of file. You should expect the test files I will use will be of arbitrary length. Some will be smaller, some much larger than 1024 bytes. Restrictions: When you are retrieving data from the source file, you must use open() and read(). You are not allowed to use fopen() as it will not read binary files properly. You are not allowed to use the sendfile() system call or any other bulk transfer utilities. Depending on the approach you have chosen, you are required to read()/write() or send()/recv() the data and then push it through the channel you created. Both the server and client should close their copy of the file. The client should then send a disconnect message to the server and exit. Your destination filename should be something like: lab6_sourcefile_local_clone. A) IPC using FIFO Your client code should use two FIFOs. One for client-to-server transfers and one for server-to-client messages. You are allowed to assume that these FIFOs have static well known names and that only one client will ever be talking to the server at a time. The client must check for the presence of both FIFOs before it accepts user input..

Chapter%202%20 %20 Text%20compression(2)

nes

The document discusses different techniques for compressing multimedia data such as text, images, audio and video. It describes how compression works by removing redundancy in digital data and exploiting properties of human perception. It then explains different compression methods including lossless compression, lossy compression, entropy encoding, and specific algorithms like Huffman encoding and arithmetic coding. The goal of compression is to reduce the size of files to reduce storage and bandwidth requirements for transmission.

Osi model

Anuj Kumar

The document discusses the OSI reference model and TCP/IP model in detail. It provides information on each layer of the OSI model from layer 1 to layer 7 and compares the TCP/IP model. It also describes protocols like TCP, UDP, IP and how they operate at different layers. The key functions of each layer including addressing, encapsulation, reliable data transfer and connection establishment processes are explained.

Lec 4(packet delay layered Architecture)

maamir farooq

This document summarizes key points from a lecture on computer networks: 1) There are various delays that packets experience at each node in a network, including processing delay, queueing delay, transmission delay, and propagation delay. 2) Transmission delay, the time to push all bits through a link, depends on packet length and link bandwidth. Propagation delay, the time for a signal to propagate between nodes, depends on the distance and propagation speed. 3) The traceroute program is used to measure delays from the source to each router along the path to the destination, demonstrating increasing delays along the path. 4) Network layers, such as application, transport, network, and link layers,

Unit-4 networking basics in java

Amol Gaikwad

The document provides an overview of networking basics in Java, including concepts like sockets, client-server communication, TCP and UDP protocols, HTTP protocol, domain name service (DNS), and classes used for networking in Java like InetAddress, Socket, ServerSocket, and URL. Key topics covered include how sockets work, the differences between TCP and UDP, how HTTP requests and responses are handled, and how DNS is used to map domain names to IP addresses. Example code is provided to demonstrate using InetAddress and Sockets in Java programs.

INSTRUCTIONS For this assignment you will be generating all code on y.pdf

adayarboot

INSTRUCTIONS For this assignment you will be generating all code on your own. You will be submitting two primary files, and then another optionally another node file. The files you will need to submit: - ConvertcodeToText. java - TurnTextToCode.java - Node.java - maybe HUFFMAN CODE In the general word of computer science we use the ASCII code to turn characters on the computer sereen into binary for storage in memory. The ASCII code was developed in 1963 and encoded 127 "characters" into 7 bit representations. This code was then expanded upon in 1992 with the introduction of UTF-8 encoding which allowed for 1/2/3/4 byte representations (8/16/24/32 bit ). However the thing about these codes is that each character requires the same amount of space, so the most common character and the least common character require the same number of bits. However in 1952 when memory and storage space was extremely primitive and expensive, David A. Huffman of MIT developed an encoding idea that was based on the relative frequency of each symbol. The idea being that the most common symbol would be given the smallest number of bits, and the least common symbol would be given longer bits. In this way, storage space would be saved, and at the time, saving even a single bit was valuable. However the major downside to this, is that each and every documeat would develop its own code, one that changed based upon the number of times a particular symbol came up. In common English, the letter " en is the most common letter, so it would tend to have a small encoding, but there is a novel called Gadsby that is 50,000 words and uses the letter ' e4 times. So the Huffman Coding of this would give 'e' a abnormally large number of bits compared to normal writing. IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS: You will be writing two programs. - Program 1 Titled - TurnText ToCode . java This program will require a customized node class. You have the option of adding the node class to main class, or creating a second file for it. This program will ask the user for the name of a text file to read, and will then generate the Huffman Code for that document, and the print off two files. - The first file will be the code itself. - The second file will be the encoded file after applying the code to the text. - Program 2 Titled - ConvertCodeToText. java This program will read both the code file and the encoded file, and print the decoded file to the screen. Note that this program docsa't write any files. TURNTEXTTOCODE,JAVA To create a Huffman code you will be mixing up and using a Priority Queue and a type of tree. You should use the built in Java Priority Queue, but you will need to hold a custom tree in your code. Note that due to subtle differences in execution, different versions of this program may output a slightly different code each time you run it. That is fine, as long as when you combine the code + huff encoding, the final output should be the same. In particular, your results my not match my resu.

Cs556 section3

farshad33

The document discusses layered protocols and how they enable communication across open systems. It describes the seven layers of the OSI model from physical to application layer. Each layer has a specific role like physical for transmission, data link for error detection, network for routing, transport for reliable delivery, and above for session control and common applications. Remote procedure calls allow programs to call procedures on other machines through client and server stubs that marshal parameters and results. Distributed objects extend this to encapsulate data and operations through proxies and skeletons.

This document discusses layered protocols and the OSI model. It provides details on each layer of the OSI model including the physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layers. For each layer, it describes the key functions and protocols. It also provides examples of connection-oriented and connectionless protocols. Finally, it discusses concepts like remote procedure calls, distributed objects, and Java RMI for enabling communication between distributed systems.

Unit 10 Assignment_2_Sig_Theory_and_Data Elements V3

John Mathias

National Diploma Unit 10 Communication Technology Assignment 2 Support Material provides information on key concepts related to communication technology including: - Data elements such as checksums, encapsulation, addresses, and sequence numbers and why they are important. - Principles of signal theory including digital signaling methods, representing data electronically, synchronous and asynchronous transmission, error detection, error correction, and issues related to bandwidth, noise, and channel types. - Different transmission methods including asynchronous and synchronous transmission, transmission over cables, frames, packets, error detection, and error correction. - Factors that affect bandwidth such as the transport medium, channel type, distance, noise, and their impact on data transmission and reception.

Figure 3 TCP Session Hijacking Attack victims to execute the mali.pdf

orderfabfirki

Figure 3: TCP Session Hijacking Attack victims to execute the malicious commands. Figure 3 depicts how the attack works. In this task, you need to demonstrate how you can hijack a telnet session between two computers. Your goal is to get the tel net server to run a malicious command from you. For the simplicity of the task, we assume that the attacker and the victim are on the same LAN. Launching the attack manually. Please use Scapy to conduct the TCP Session Hijacking attack. A skeleton code is provided in the following. You need to replace each @@ @e with an actual value; you can use Wireshark to figure out what value you should put into each field of the spoofed TCP packets. \#! /usr/bin/env python 3 from scapy. all import * data - "" pkt - ip/tcp/data ls (pkt) send (pkt, verbose-0) Optional: Launching the attack automatically. Students are encouraged to write a program to launch the attack automatically using the sniffing- and-spoofing technique. Unlike the manual approach, we get all the parameters from sniffed packets, so the entire attack is automated. Please make sure that when you use Scapy's sn iff function, don't forget to set the if a ce argument. 6 Task 4: Creating Reverse Shell using TCP Session Hijacking When attackers are able to inject a command to the victim's machine using TCP session hijacking, they are not interested in running one simple command on the victim machine; they are interested in running many commands. Obviously, running these commands all through TCP session hijacking is inconvenient. What attackers want to achieve is to use the attack to set up a back door, so they can use this back door to conveniently conduct further damages. A typical way to set up back doors is to run a reverse shell from the victim machine to give the attack the shell access to the victim machine. Reverse shell is a shell process running on a remote machine, connecting back to the attacker's machine. This gives an attacker a convenient way to access a remote machine once it has been compromised. the lab setup. Please compile the program on the VM and then launch the attack on the target machine. // Compile the code on the host VM \$ gcc -o synflood synflood.c // Launch the attack from the attacker container \# synflood 1090.523 // Compile the code on the host VM \$ gcc -o synflood synflood.c // Launch the attack from the attacker container \# synflood 10.9.0.5 23 Before launching the attack, please restore the queue size to its original value. Please compare the results with the one using the Python program, and explain the reason behind the difference. 3.3 Task 1.3: Enable the SYN Cookie Countermeasure Please enable the SYN cookie mechanism, and run your attacks again, and compare the results. 4 Task 2: TCP RST Attacks on telnet Connections The TCP RST Attack can terminate an established TCP connection between two victims. For example, if there is an established telnet connection (TCP) between two users A and B, attackers can spoof a .

2.communcation in distributed system

Gd Goenka University

The key difference between distributed and uniprocessor systems is interprocess communication in distributed systems. The OSI model defines layers for networking including physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. Remote Procedure Call (RPC) allows calling procedures on remote systems similarly to local calls by marshalling parameters and results. Group communication enables one-to-many and one-to-all communication using multicast and broadcast. Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks use fixed size cells over virtual circuits to efficiently support both constant and bursty network traffic.

Image compression

Bassam Kanber

This document summarizes image compression techniques. It discusses: 1) The goal of image compression is to reduce the amount of data required to represent a digital image while preserving as much information as possible. 2) There are three main types of data redundancy in images - coding, interpixel, and psychovisual - and compression aims to reduce one or more of these. 3) Popular lossless compression techniques, like Run Length Encoding and Huffman coding, exploit coding and interpixel redundancies. Lossy techniques introduce controlled loss for further compression.

Web and internet technology notes for BCA students

nawejakhatar10063

1. Malware - Malicious software like viruses, ransomware, spyware that infect devices. 2. Denial of Service (DoS) - Floods networks/servers with traffic to overload them. Distributed DoS (DDoS) uses multiple infected devices. 3. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) - Hackers intercept communications between two parties to steal data or install malware. Often occurs on public WiFi. 4. Phishing - Deceptive communications like emails trick users into revealing sensitive info or installing malware. 5. SQL Injection - Malicious code inserted into databases to steal info or

Netcat - 101 Swiss Army Knife

n|u - The Open Security Community

Netcat is a tool that can read and write data across networks using TCP or UDP. It can perform functions like port scanning to view open ports, banner grabbing to identify services and versions, file transfers between systems, and creating listening shells to provide remote access to systems. Netcat is useful for tasks like transferring files or chatting between systems and can also be used to set up backdoors and bind or reverse shells for remote command line access.

Netcat 101 by-mahesh-beema

Raghunath G

Netcat is a tool that can be used for port scanning, banner grabbing, file transfer, remote shell access, and chatting over networks using TCP or UDP. It allows viewing open ports on a system through port scanning. Banner grabbing determines the service, version, and OS by connecting to an open port. File transfer and chat are done by setting up Netcat in server and client modes. Remote shell access can be provided through a bind shell, which binds a shell like cmd.exe to a port, or a reverse shell, which sends a shell from the client to a listening Netcat server.

study-of-network-simulator.pdf

Jayaprasanna4

The document discusses the Network Simulator 2 (NS2) tool. It provides an overview of NS2's architecture, which uses C++ for the backend simulation objects and OTcl for the frontend setup. It also describes how NS2 simulations are run using a Tcl script to initialize objects, define the network topology with nodes and links, setup transport and application layer agents, schedule simulation events, and terminate the simulation. Key aspects covered include initializing and terminating the simulator, defining nodes and links, setting up TCP, UDP, and CBR agents, and scheduling the start and stop of applications.

adapters2.PPT

ssuser8298f2

This document discusses point-to-point communication between a terminal and host computer using a telephone line and modems. It describes how a personal computer can emulate a terminal through terminal emulation software, allowing it to connect to host systems that only support terminals. It also discusses common terminal emulation standards like VT100 and how terminal emulation software enables file transfer between the PC and host.

MSB-Remote procedure call

MOHD. SHAHRUKH BHATI

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) allows a client to invoke a procedure on a remote server as if it were a local procedure call. When making an RPC, the client's execution is suspended while the procedure parameters are sent to the server, the procedure executes, and the results are sent back. This hides the network communication from the client program. RPC aims to provide exactly-once semantics but in reality can only guarantee at-most-once or at-least-once semantics due to potential server failures.

Tcp Udp Notes

Ram Dutt Shukla

The document discusses transport layer protocols and their functions. Transport layer protocols like TCP and UDP provide services to applications to allow communication over an internetwork. They are responsible for establishing and maintaining connections between services on different machines and act as a bridge between the needs of applications and the underlying network layer protocols. Transport layer protocols are tightly tied to and designed to work with the specific network layer protocol below them.

12_HuffmanhsjsjsjjsiejjssjjejsjCoding_pdf.pdf

SHIVAM691605

The document discusses data compression techniques including lossless and lossy compression. It focuses on Huffman coding, a lossless compression algorithm. It explains how Huffman coding works by assigning variable-length binary codes to characters based on their frequency, with more common characters getting shorter codes. This allows the data to be compressed. It provides an example showing the construction of a Huffman tree from character frequencies and the assignment of codes. The codes generated satisfy the prefix property to allow for unique decoding.

Rpc (Distributed computing)

Sri Prasanna

The document summarizes remote procedure calls (RPC), which allow programmers to call procedures or functions on other machines remotely, making distributed systems appear as a local procedure call. It discusses how RPC works by using stub functions to simulate a local procedure call, how data is marshaled and sent over the network, issues around parameter passing and data representation, and other aspects of designing and implementing an RPC system.

CODE FOR echo_client.c A simple echo client using TCP #inc.pdf

secunderbadtirumalgi

CODE FOR echo_client.c: /* A simple echo client using TCP */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define SERVER_TCP_PORT 3000 /* well-known port */ #define BUFLEN 256 /* buffer length */ int main(int argc, char **argv) { int n, i, bytes_to_read; int sd, port; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in server; char *host, *bp, rbuf[BUFLEN], sbuf[BUFLEN]; switch(argc){ case 2: host = argv[1]; port = SERVER_TCP_PORT; break; case 3: host = argv[1]; port = atoi(argv[2]); break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s host [port]\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } /* Create a stream socket */ if ((sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Can't creat a socket\n"); exit(1); } bzero((char *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); server.sin_family = AF_INET; server.sin_port = htons(port); if (hp = gethostbyname(host)) bcopy(hp->h_addr, (char *)&server.sin_addr, hp->h_length); else if ( inet_aton(host, (struct in_addr *) &server.sin_addr) ){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't get server's address\n"); exit(1); } /* Connecting to the server */ if (connect(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't connect \n"); exit(1); } printf("Transmit: \n"); while(n=read(0, sbuf, BUFLEN)){ /* get user message */ write(sd, sbuf, n); /* send it out */ printf("Receive: \n"); bp = rbuf; bytes_to_read = n; while ((i = read(sd, bp, bytes_to_read)) > 0){ bp += i; bytes_to_read -=i; } write(1, rbuf, n); printf("Transmit: \n"); } close(sd); return(0); } CODE FOR echo_server.c: /* A simple echo server using TCP */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define SERVER_TCP_PORT 3000 /* well-known port */ #define BUFLEN 256 /* buffer length */ int echod(int); void reaper(int); int main(int argc, char **argv) { int sd, new_sd, client_len, port; struct sockaddr_in server, client; switch(argc){ case 1: port = SERVER_TCP_PORT; break; case 2: port = atoi(argv[1]); break; default: fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [port]\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } /* Create a stream socket */ if ((sd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == -1) { fprintf(stderr, "Can't creat a socket\n"); exit(1); } /* Bind an address to the socket */ bzero((char *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)); server.sin_family = AF_INET; server.sin_port = htons(port); server.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); if (bind(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server)) == -1){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't bind name to socket\n"); exit(1); } /* queue up to 5 connect requests */ listen(sd, 5); (void) signal(SIGCHLD, reaper); while(1) { client_len = sizeof(client); new_sd = accept(sd, (struct sockaddr *)&client, &client_len); if(new_sd < 0){ fprintf(stderr, "Can't accept client \n"); exit(1); } switch (fork()){ case 0: /* child */ (void) close(sd); exit(echod(new_sd)); default: /* parent */ (void) close(new_sd); break; case -1: fprintf(stderr, "fork: error\n"); } } } /* echod program */ int echod(int sd) { char *bp, buf[BUFLEN]; int n,.

Ch02.pdf

Test835033

The document provides an introduction to programming in C, including: - The basics of C programs including source code, compilers, and typical C environments. - How to structure a C program with main functions and other functions. - Details on compiling, running, and commenting C programs. - How to perform input and output in C programs using console input/output functions and escape characters. - Examples of using printf to output text and values to the console.

E-business Infrastructure and Security

Kimmy Chen

Project 4 (P4) Distance Vector Routing (DV)Instructor Dr.docx

wkyra78

Project 4 (P4): Distance Vector Routing (DV) Instructor: Dr. Shengquan Wang Due Time: 6PM, 12/05/2015 The purpose of this project is to learn how distributed dynamic routing protocols like distance vector accomplish routing in practice. In this assignment, you will be asked to build a distance vector routing protocol that implements the distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm. 1 Design Data Each router needs to maintain three different data: • All link cost information to all active neighbors. • Its own distance vector. It shall display as follows: A B 7 1 B A C 10 2 B There are two entries in this distance vector. For each entry, the five columns are source router ID, destination router ID, distance, number of hops, the router ID for the next router in routing, respectively. • Its neighboring routers’ distance vectors. Events We will use the running processes to simulate routers. Processes can be run on different hosts. Each router is assigned with a unique router ID (English letter). Two processes communicate with another process through its UDP socket: (1) Upon receiving any distance vector entries from any neighboring router or detecting a new neighbor or the link cost change to a neighbor, the router will use the Bellman-Ford Equation to update its distance vector; (2) Then for any change in its distance vector, the router will broadcast the changed distance vector entries to its neighboring routers through a UDP socket and print out the changed entries to the console. UDP sockets in all routers should alway be listening (for potential messages from some neighbors). 1 Waleed Typewriter distributed Bellman-Ford algorithm Waleed Highlight Waleed Highlight Waleed Highlight Waleed Highlight Commands Here is what are expected with the multiple running routers. We use the same program for all routers. Name it as dvrouter. For example with a Java program, run Router A in the shell as prompt> java dvrouter A 1000 where 1000 is the assigned UDP port number. Once a router A starts, it shall display as shown in the following example: Router A (localhost, 1000) is active. Waiting for input and output ... where (localhost, 1000) is the pair of the hostname and the port number. The following input commands will be supported in the console for a router (e.g., router A): add It adds a new link to the router. For example add B 2000 1 It will add the link between A and B (with hostname “localhost” and port number 2000) with a link cost 1 to Router A. If the router B is alive, a message will be sent to B and it will add the link between B and A with a link cost 1 to Router B. On Router A, it will display “The link A-B is set!” message; on Router B, it will display “The link B-A is set!” message. Keep in mind the link cost is bidirectionally symmetric. change It changes an existing link to the router. For example change B 7 It will change the link between A and B with a link cost 7 to Router A. If the router B is alive, a message ...

Pulse code modulation and Quantization

Muhamamd Awaissaleem

Pulse code modulation (PCM) is a method of digitally representing sampled analog signals. It involves sampling an analog signal, quantizing the samples to discrete levels, and encoding the quantized samples as binary digits. Analog to digital converters (ADCs) sample an analog signal and quantize the samples to discrete levels represented by binary digits. The sequence of 1s and 0s output from the ADC is called a PCM signal. Quantization is the process of converting analog samples to digital samples by dividing the range of possible analog values into discrete quantization levels. Each analog sample is approximated by the value of the nearest quantization level. This introduces quantization error, which is the difference between the

How packet data travel over network

Raisa Anjani

This document summarizes how packet data travels over a TCP/IP network between a client and server. It describes the 7 layers of the OSI model and how data moves through each layer. At layer 4, a TCP connection is established using a 3-way handshake to open a socket. Layer 3 adds IP addresses while layer 2 adds MAC addresses. Layer 1 converts the data to electrical signals to send over wires. Routers direct the packet to the destination server using IP routing tables. When the process is complete, the TCP connection terminates.

You have to find a way to tie in ALL of the following topics in your m.pdf

solankeanna9

You hold a cup of soup when your hand is supinates retracted protracte.pdf

solankeanna9

Similar to You will use the ICP echo client and server code (for IPv4 version) tr.pdf

Cs556 section3

sehrish saba

Unit 10 Assignment_2_Sig_Theory_and_Data Elements V3

John Mathias

Figure 3 TCP Session Hijacking Attack victims to execute the mali.pdf

orderfabfirki

2.communcation in distributed system

Gd Goenka University

Image compression

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Web and internet technology notes for BCA students

nawejakhatar10063

Netcat - 101 Swiss Army Knife

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Netcat 101 by-mahesh-beema

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study-of-network-simulator.pdf

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adapters2.PPT

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MOHD. SHAHRUKH BHATI

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12_HuffmanhsjsjsjjsiejjssjjejsjCoding_pdf.pdf

SHIVAM691605

Rpc (Distributed computing)

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CODE FOR echo_client.c A simple echo client using TCP #inc.pdf

secunderbadtirumalgi

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