The document is a certificate and project submitted by Ashish Kumar Singh of Class 12 on the topic of yoga. It includes an introduction, types of yoga like Hatha yoga and Raja yoga, importance of yoga, and asanas. The project was completed under the guidance of his physical education teacher Mohd Azam and found worthy of acceptance for his physical education subject.

1. CERTIFICATE
THISIS TOCERTIFYTHAT MASTERASHISHKUMARSINGHOF
CLASS12 HASPREPAREDTHEPROJECTON YOGA.
THE PROJECTISTHERESULTOFHISEFFORTANDENDEVOURS.
THE PROJECTISFOUNDWORTHYOFACCEPTANCEASFINAL
PROJECTFORTHESUBJECTPHYSICALEDUCATION.
HE HASPREPAREDTHEPROJECTUNDERMYGUIDANCEAND
AS PERTHENORMSBYTHECBSEBOARD.
MOHDAZAM
SPORTSDEPARTMENT
OXFORDPUBLICSR.SECSCHOOL

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully many people have
bestowneduponmetheirblessingsandtheheartpledgedsupportthis
time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been concerned
with the project.
Primarily I would thank god for being able to complete this project
with success. Then I would I like to thank my physical education
teacherMOHDAZAMwhosevaluableguidancehasbeentheonesthat
helped me patch this project and make it full proof success and his
suggestion and his instruction has served as the major contributor
towards the completion of the project.
NTRODUCTION
TYPES OF YOGSURYA NAMASK
ASHISHKUMARSINGH
X11PCM

3. SHAVASANA
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORY
• TYPESOFYOGA
• TYPESOFASANAS
• IMPORTANCEOFYOGA
• BIBLOGRAPHY

4. INTRODUCTION
Yogais a healthy way of life, originated in India. Now,it is believed to bea form of
scienceacceptedallovertheworld.Thewesterncultureisalsoacceptingitasahealthy
formofscientificexercise.Althoughtheoriginofyogaisobscureithasalongtradition.
YogaforacommonpersoncontainsthepractiseofYama,asana,pranayama,niyama,
pratyahara,and meditation which arehelpfulto keep oneselfphysicallyfit mentally
alert and emotionallybalanced. This ultimately prepares ground for theemotionally
balanced. This ultimately prepares ground for the spiritual development of an
individual.

5. The main emphasis of thepresent yoga curriculum for school going children Is to
developtheir physical fitness mental development and emotional stability.
HISTORY
Thewordyogameans“oneness”,whichcomesfromtheancientIndianlanguagecalled
Sanskrit.Whenitwasfirstfounded,yogawasthepractiseofmeditationwhichistosit
and be still for a considerablelength of timeand controlling your breathing which
would lead oneto a higher state of consciousness. Yogi’s as they werecalled would
practisemeditationsotheycouldcometotherealizationoftheirtrueselfandachieve
what ultimately everyone should be looking for.

6. Around3000BCissaidtobewhenthepractiseofyogawasfounded.Archaeologists
have found stone steals depicting yoga position that date back to time
TYPES OF YOGA
ASHTANGAYOGA(PATANJALI'S ASHTANGAYOGA - EIGHTLIMB
/ STEPYOGA)
The basis ofAshtanga yoga is the Yogasutras(Sanskrit Verses)of Patanjali. Wewill
considerthedifferentaspectsofyogawhileremainingundertheguidingprinciplesof

7. Patanjali's Yoga (Ashtanga yoga). The Asana, Pranayama, Dharana, Dhyana &
Samadhi or the Yama and Niyamaaresystematically described by Patanjali in his
Sanskrit Sutras (verses).
 Yama(Principles)
 Niyama(PersonalDisciplines)
 Asana(YogaPositionsorYogicPostures)
 Pranayama (YogicBreathing)
 Pratyahara (WithdrawalofSenses)
 Dharana(ConcentrationonObject)
 Dhyana(Meditation)
 Samadhi(Salvation
Hatha Yoga
The term Hatha Yoga has been commonly used to describe the practice of asana
(postures).Thesyllable'ha'denotesthepranic(vital)forcegoverningthephysical body
and 'tha' denotes thechitta(mental) forcethusmaking Hatha Yogaa catalystto an

8. awakening of thetwo energies that govern our lives. Morecorrectly the techniques
describedinHathaYogaharmoniseandpurifythebodysystemsandfocusthemind
in preparation for more advanced chakra and kundalini practices.
The HathaYogasystemincludes asana along with the six shatkarmas (physical and
mentaldetoxtechniques),mudrasandbandhas(psycho-physiologicalenergyrelease
techniques)andPranayama(pranic awakeningpractices).Finetuningofthehuman
personality at increasingly subtle levels leads to higher states of awareness and
meditation.
1. Yogasana(Yogapositions)
2. Six shatkarmas(physicalandmentaldetox techniques)
3. MudrasandBandhas(psycho-physiologicalenergyreleasetechniques)
4. Pranayama
Jnana Yoga

9. JnanaYogaistheprocessofconvertingintellectualknowledgeintopracticalwisdom.
It is adiscoveryofhumandharmainrelationtonatureandtheuniverse.JnanaYoga
is described by tradition as a meansto obtain thehighestmeditative stateand inner
knowledge.
Jnanaliterally means 'knowledge', but in thecontext of yogait meanstheprocessof
meditativeawarenesswhichleadstoilluminativewisdom.Itisnotamethodbywhich
we try to find rationalanswersto eternalquestions, rather it is a part of meditation
leading to self-enquiry and self-realisation.
SomeofthecomponentsofJnanaYogaare:
1. Notbelievingbutrealising
2. Self-awarenessleadingtoself-analysis
3. Experiencingknowledge
4. Realisingthepersonalnature
5. Developingintuitivewisdom
6. Experiencinginnerunity

10. Mantra yoga
JapaYoga,Requirements,StateofConsciousnessinMatraYoga,MethodsofChanting,
Effects of Mantra, How to Practice & Rules of Mantra Chanting)
Mantra Yoga hasits origin in Vedic Sciences and alsoin Tantra,in fact alltheverses
in Vedas arecalled mantras, it is said that any person who can chant or sing Vedas
can achieve the ultimate salvation or union with supreme consciousness only by
chanting the mantras, which is the aim Mantra Yoga

11. Bhakti Yoga
Bhakti is a Yogaof devotion or complete faith. This faith is generally in theGod or
supremeconsciousnessin any of theforms. It may beLord Rama, Krishna,Christ,
Mohammed, Buddha etc. It may be a Guru for his disciples.
Importantthingisthepersoninterestedinfollowingthispathshouldhaveverystrong
emotionalbondwiththeobjectoffaith.Theflowofemotionalenergyisdirectedtothis
object. Mostly peoplesuppresstheir emotions and thatoften reflects in the form of
physical and mental disorders. This Bhakti Yoga releases those suppressed emotions
and brings the purification of inner self.
Continuous meditation of God or object of faith gradually decrease the ego of the
practitioner, which further prevents new distractions, fickleness or even pain and
induces strong bonds of love. Slowly the practitioner loses the self-identity and
becomes one with the object of faith, this is a state of self realization

12. Kundalini Yoga (From the Tantras)
JapaYoga,Requirements,StateofConsciousnessinMatraYoga,MethodsofChanting,
Effects of Mantra, How to Practice & Rules of Mantra Chanting)
This system of Yogais concerned with awakening of thepsychic centersor chakras,
whichexistsineveryindividual.(Pleaserefertothefigure)Therearesixmainchakras
in the human beings.
The mind is made up ofdifferent subtlelayers. Each of these layers progressively are
associated with the higher levels of consciousness.Each of these levels arerelated to
thedifferentchakraorpsychic centerlocatedthroughoutthepsychic body.Thereare
no of other chakras apart from thesix main, which areassociated with planes below
thehumanlevel.Inallwehavechakrasthatconnectustoanimallevelsofmind,tothe
instinctive realms of being or to the sublime heights of consciousness.
In Kundalini Yoga, higher-level chakras are awakened and also the activities
associatedwiththesehigherpsychiccenters.Thebasicmethodofawakeninginvolves
deep concentration on thesechakras and forcing their arousal. Asanas,pranayama,

13. mudra and bandhaand other forms of Yoga such as Mantra Yoga are alsoused to
stimulate the awakening
Karma Yoga
Karma Yoga is a pathof devotion to thework. Onelooses his identity whileworking,
only selfless work remains. This state is very difficult to achieve. Generally some
rewardsorincentivesoroutcomefollowstheworkandoneisattachedtothisreward
or incentive.ThisisnottheKarmaYoga.Non-attachmentwiththeworkandbecoming
the perfect instrument of thesuper consciousness in this manifested universe is the
ultimate aim of Karma Yoga.
In the initial stages of Karma Yoga, individual possesses strong sense of ego and
consciouslyorunconsciouslyheisattachedtothefruitsofhis effortsoratleastpraise
or recognition but by continuous involvement in the work and change in mental
attitude,onecansurelydisassociatehimselffromtheegoandhisownpersonality.In
this state the work becomes worship to the God, it becomes spiritual, also the
individual becomes expert, skilled and Yogi. He achieves stability of mind in all
conditions,heisnotdisturbedorexcitedorhappyinanyofthesituations.Hebecomes
divine & his actions represent God's will.

14. Kriya Yoga
The word kriya means 'activity' or 'movement' and refers to theactivity or movement
of consciousness.Kriyaalsoreferstoatypeofpracticalorpreliminarypracticeleading
to totalunion,thefinalresultofpractice.KriyaYogadoesnotcurbmentalfluctuations
butpurposelycreatesactivityandawakeninginconsciousness.Inthiswayallfaculties
are harmonised and flower into their fullest potential.
Kriya Yoga originated in antiquity and evolved over time through practise and
experience.ThefullformofKriyaYogaconsistsofover70kriyasoutofwhichonly20
or so are commonly known.
Thekriyapracticesareinscribedinnumeroustantric textswritteninSanskrit.Todate
onlya fewofthesehavebeentranslatedintootherlanguages.Themostauthoritative
magna opus on the subject of Kriya.

15. The practices of KriyaYogawerepropagated by SwamiSatyanandaSaraswatifrom
secret teachings described in theYogaand TantraShastras. Thekriyas, as taughtby
Satyananda Yoga?areone of onlytwo systems of Kriya Yoga recognized theworld
over, the other being that of Paramahamsa Yogananda.
Swara Yoga
Swara is Sanskritword,meaning sound or note. It is alsoa continuous flow of air
throughonenostril.Yogameansunion,soSwarayogaisa sciencewhichis realization
of cosmic consciousness through control and manipulation of breath.
Swara Yoga is science which is a complete study, observations, control and
manipulation of breathor Swara.Pranayama is only related to control of breath in
variousways.In swarayoga,youwillfindassociationofbreathinrelationtoactivities
of sun, moon, various seasons, physical and mentalconditions of individuals etc. So
SwaraYogaismorecomprehensive in theory and practices related to breath.

16. Raja Yoga
Ajay Yogausually refers to the systemof yogathat is described in theYoga Sutras of
SagePatanjali.In thisancienttextSagePatanjalidescribeseightstagesofyogawhich
are known collectively as Raja Yoga.
RajaYogaisa comprehensiveyogasystemwhichdealswiththerefinementofhuman
behavior and personalitythrough the practice of theyamas (restraint) and niyamas
(disciplines);attainmentofphysicalhealthandvitalitythroughasanas(postures)and
pranayamas (pranic breathing techniques); management of mentaland emotional
conflicts and development of awareness and concentration through pratyahara

17. (sensory withdrawal) and Dharana (concentration); and developing the creative
aspect of consciousness for transcendental awareness throughDhyana(meditation)
and samadhi (absorption in the universal identity).