This document provides information about the solar system and beyond. It lists the nine planets in our solar system in order from Mercury to Pluto. It also discusses that the Earth orbits the sun every 365.25 days and is kept in orbit by the force of gravity. The moon orbits the Earth every 28 days due to gravity. The document then provides a table comparing the physical properties of planets including diameter, density, temperature, atmosphere, gravity, length of year, and distance from Earth. It asks questions about the properties of different planets. Finally, it discusses that the sun, Milky Way galaxy, and universe are all made up of objects that orbit one another on an ever larger scale.

1. 20/09/2017
The Solar System and
Beyond

2. 20/09/2017
There are nine planets in our solar system:
Mercury
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Neptune
Uranus
Pluto
Venus
Earth

3. 20/09/2017

4. PLANETS IN ORDER:
My Very Easy Method Just Shows
Us The Names of the Planets
20/09/2017

5. 20/09/2017
The Earth orbits the sun every…
…year (365 1/4 days)

6. 20/09/2017
The Earth is kept in orbit by the force of…
Gravity
…and by the
fact that is is
moving at a high
velocity

7. 20/09/2017
Gravity also keeps the moon in orbit around
the Earth. The moon orbits the Earth every…
…month (28 days)

8. 20/09/2017
Gravity is ________ if the planet has more
mass:
Earth
Jupiter

9. PLANET SIZE:
Diameter
(km)
Density
(gm/cm3)
TEMP (°C) WHAT IS
THE
ATMOSPHE
RE LIKE?
STRENGTH
OF
GRAVITY
(m/s2)
LENGTH
OF YEAR
(days)
DISTANC
E FROM
EARTH
(km)
Inhabit
able?
MERCURY
VENUS
EARTH
MARS
JUPITER
SATURN
URANUS
NEPTUNE
PLUTO

12. Questions:
1. Which is the hottest planet?
2. Which is the coldest planet?
3. Which is the densest planet?
4. Which planet has the strongest
gravity?
5. Which planet has the weakest gravity?
6. Which is the second most inhabitable
planet? Why?

13. Earth and The Moon
1. Make your model of the Earth and the
Moon
2. Draw a sketch of your model
3. Why have you made it this way?

14. Earth and The Moon
1. Make your model
2. Draw a sketch of your model
3. Why have you made it this way?
Most of our models looked quite similar
because that’s the way the moon and the
Earth are represented in
pictures/textbooks etc.

15. Earth and The Moon
1. Make 50 equal balls
2. Squash 49 back together and make 1
large ball from it
3. Move your Earth 30 diameters away
from your moon
You now have the relative distance and
size – draw a diagram of it
Questions: How is the scale model
different from your original model? Why?

17. QUESTION:
Last week we made models of the solar system
based upon what we thought they looked at and
then we made actual scale models
What was the main difference between the two
models and why were they like this?
Write a short paragraph to explain, work on your
own

20. AU = Astronomical Unit

21. QUESTION:
What is the difference between the following
keywords?
• Asteroid
• Meteroid
• Meteor
• Meteorite
• Comet
• Satellite

22. Definitions: Copy these down!
• Asteroid: a large rocky body in space, in orbit around
the Sun.
• Comet: a ball of ice/snow in space in orbit around the
Sun.
• Meteor: If a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere
and vaporizes, it becomes a meteor, which is often
called a shooting star.
• Meteorite: If a small asteroid or large meteoroid
survives its fiery passage through the Earth’s
atmosphere and lands on Earth’s surface, it is then
called a meteorite.

23. How about a satellite?

24. TODAY’S TASK:
You have 15 minute to design me an artificial satellite that must have:
1. A power source, instruments for recording information and a
computer/processor
You must also answer the following questions
1. Based on what you have designed, what do you
think the definition of satellite might be?
2. How do satellites end up in space?
3. Is there such a thing as a natural satellite? Where
might we be able to find one?
4. BONUS: what is the name of the first satellite in
space? Can people live on a satellite?

27. DEFINITION: SATELLITE
A body in orbit around Earth or another
planet. Artificial satellites are used to
collect information and communications

29. QUESTIONS:
1. When was Sputnik launched?
2. Who was Sputnik launched by?
3. What instruments was Sputnik equipped with?

31. Table:
NAME ORBITS MATERIAL SIZE
ASTEROID
COMET
METEOROID
METEOR
METEORITE
SATELLITE

32. NAME ORBITS MATERIAL SIZE
ASTEROID The sun
COMET The sun
METEOROID The sun
METEOR EARTH – must
be in our
atmosphere
METEORITE N/A – has hit
Earth
SATELLITE EARTH, planets

33. NAME ORBITS MATERIAL SIZE
ASTEROID The sun Rock LARGE
COMET The sun Ice/snow Medium
METEOROID The sun Rock Smaller than an
asteroid
METEOR EARTH – must
be in our
atmosphere
Rock Small
METEORITE N/A – has hit
Earth
Rock Very small
SATELLITE Earth, planets Artificial OR
Rock
Small to large

34. Moon Phases & Eclipses
05/04/17
Learning Objectives:
1. Recall and explain why we have
seasons
2. Describe and explain why we see
phases of the moon
3. Explain why solar and lunar eclipses
happen

35. RECAP: What did we learn last
lesson?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTjyt-6hJQw

36. RECAP: What did we learn last
lesson?
• The Earth is tilted on its axis (~23.5°)
• This why we have seasons
• Different regions on the globe show similar daylight
and average temperature patterns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTjyt-6hJQw
EXPLAIN why Finland is so different in the winter vs.
the summer in your own words

37. RECAP: What did we learn last
lesson?
Starter: Can you remember the formula for
photosynthesis? See if you can write it out from
memory!

38. RECAP: What did we learn last
lesson?
Questions:
1. How come the countries on the equator are
warmer than the North/South pole – even
though 24 hours of daylight?
2. How come the South pole gets so much colder
than the North pole? (Find out for homework!)

39. REVIEW:
Learning Objectives:
1. Recall and explain why we have
seasons
2. Describe and explain why we see
phases of the moon
3. Explain why solar and lunar eclipses
happen

40. Questions:
1. How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the
sun?
2. How long does it take for the moon to orbit the
Earth?

41. Moon Phases:
New moon
Quarter moonFull moon
Gibbous moon
Crescent moon

42. Moon Phases:
New moon Quarter
moon
Full moonGibbous
moon
Crescent
moon
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz01pTvuMa0

43. Moon Phases Demonstration:
How can we demonstrate moon phases using a torch
and a ping pong ball?
What is wrong with this model?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wz01pTvuMa0

44. Moon Phases Explained:

45. REVIEW:
Learning Objectives:
1. Recall and explain why we have
seasons
2. Describe and explain why we see
phases of the moon
3. Explain why solar and lunar eclipses
happen

46. Question: When do we get a solar
eclipse?

47. Question: When do we get a
lunar eclipse?

48. SOLAR ECLIPSE
LUNAR ECLIPSE

51. QUESTION: How come we don’t
have an eclipse every month?
Questions:
1. When do we see a solar eclipse?
2. When do we see a lunar eclipse?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgbK2FZFFdw

52. REVIEW:
Learning Objectives:
1. Recall and explain why we have
seasons
2. Describe and explain why we see
phases of the moon
3. Explain why solar and lunar eclipses
happen

53. 20/09/2017
The moon is a “natural satellite”. A satellite is
anything the orbits the earth
Artificial satellites have four main uses:
– Communications
– Monitoring the weather
– Observing the Earth
– Exploring the solar system

54. 20/09/2017
The Earth is tilted on an axis
North pole
South pole

55. 20/09/2017
The Earth spins on its axis every ___ (__ hours)

56. 20/09/2017
Because of this spin the sun rises in the
______ and sets in the ______

57. 20/09/2017
The sun appears lower in the _______ than it
does in the ______:
Winter
Summer
Longer shadows
in winter

58. 20/09/2017
While the Earth is spinning the side that faces
the sun is in ________

59. 20/09/2017
The Earth is divided up into the northern
hemisphere and the southern hemisphere:
Equator
Northern
hemisphere
Southern
hemisphere

60. 20/09/2017
The tilt of the Earth on its axis is also
responsible for the seasons:
What date is it here?
June 21st
What date is it here?
December 21st

61. 20/09/2017
Two things happen
because of this tilt:
1) The days are longer during the summer
2) The weather is warmer during the summer

62. 20/09/2017
Solar systems, galaxies and the Universe
OUR SUN is one of
millions of stars that
orbit the centre of…
THE MILKY WAY,
which is one of a billion
galaxies that orbit
AND move away from
the centre of…
THE UNIVERSE
(Basically, everything in the universe orbits around something else)