The document summarizes many important inventions from the 19th century to the 21st century across various fields such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, electricity, metallurgy, and more. Some of the key inventions mentioned include the periodic table of elements by Dmitri Mendeleev, pasteurization by Louis Pasteur, the steam locomotive by Richard Trevithick, the electric motor by Michael Faraday, the lightbulb by Joseph Swan, penicillin by Alexander Fleming, the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee, Braille Glove by Ryan Patterson that translates sign language to text, the Intelligent Oven that can be controlled remotely, and the Hug Shirt that simulates being embraced

1. XIX-XXI century inventions
Svetlana Prosviryak

2. The 19th century-an era of invention and
discovery
Significant developments in the fields of:
o Mathematics
o Physics
o Chemistry
o Biology
o Electricity
o Metallurgy

3. Most important non-British discoveries:
Dmitri
Mendeleev –
the first
periodic table of
elements Nikola Tesla -
AC
electricity, the
induction
Louis Pasteur – motor, remote
the vaccine control
against
rabies, pasteuris
ation

4. Who invented the term scientist?
The 19th century saw the birth of science as a profession; the term scientist was coined in
1833 by William Whewell. (They had previously been known as "natural philosophers" or
"men of science"). Whewell also contributed the terms
physicist, consilience, catastrophism, and uniformitarianism, amongst others; he suggested
the terms ion, dielectric, anode, and cathode to Michael Faraday.

5. Steam-powered locomotive
(Richard Trevithick)

6. The arc lamp
(Humphry Davy)

7. Electromagnet
(William Sturgeon)

8. First electric motor, electric dynamo
(Michael Faraday)

9. Friction match
(John Walker)

10. Calotype photography
(Henry Fox Talbot)

11. Mechanical calculator
(Charles Babbage)

12. Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician
and writer chiefly known for her work on
Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-
purpose computer, the analytical engine. Her
notes on the engine include what is recognised
as the first algorithm intended to be processed
by a machine; thanks to this, she is sometimes
considered the world's first computer
programmer.

13. Postage stamp
(Rowland Hill)

14. Traffic lights
(J. P. Knight)

15. Lightbulb
(Joseph Swan)

16. The 20th century: the beginning

17. The 20th century: the end

18. The first vacuum cleaner
(Hubert Booth)
British engineer, Hubert Cecil Booth patented a motorized vacuum
cleaner on August 30, 1901. Booth's machine took the form of a
large, horse-drawn, petrol-driven unit, which was parked outside the
building to be cleaned with long hoses being fed through the
windows. Booth first demonstrated his vacuuming device in a
restaurant that same year and successfully sucked dirt.

19. Lie detector
(James Mackenzie, 1902)

20. Vacuum diode
(John Fleming, 1904)

21. First crossword puzzle
(Arthur Wynne)
The first known published crossword puzzle
was created by a journalist named Arthur
Wynne from Liverpool (who emigrated to the
US at the age of 19), and he is usually credited
as the inventor of the popular word game.
December 21, 1913 was the date and it
appeared in a Sunday newspaper, the New
York World. Wynne's puzzle(see below)
differed from today's crosswords in that it was
diamond shaped and contained no internal
black squares. During the early 1920's other
newspapers picked up the newly discovered
pastime and within a decade crossword
puzzles were featured in almost all American
newspapers. It was in this period crosswords
began to assume their familiar form. Ten years
after its rebirth in the States it crossed the
Atlantic and re-conquered Europe.

22. Stainless steel
(Harry Brearley)
Stainless (or non-rusting) steel, invented by Harry Brearley in
1916, we still use in our everyday life (buildings, cutlery etc).

23. Self-winding watch
(John Harwood, 1923)

24. Mechanical television
(John Logie Baird,1925)
The world's first practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and also the world's
first fully electronic colour television tube. Although Baird's electromechanical system
was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems,Baird's early successes
demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work
earn him a prominent place in television's invention.

25. The first known photograph of a moving image
produced by Baird's "televisor", circa 1926

26. Penicillin
(Alexander Fleming)
Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He
wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His
best-known discoveries are the enzymelysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic
substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which
he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard
Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

27. Road reflectors
(Percy Shaw, 1934)

28. First radar
(Robert Watson-Watt, 1935)

29. Holography
(Dennis Gabor)
Dennis Gabor was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer
and physicist, most notable
for inventing holography, for which he later received the
1971 Nobel Prize in Physics.
"You can't predict the future but you can invent it" – said
Dennis Gabor. Around 1947,
He developed the theory of holography while working to
improve
the resolution of an electron microscope.

30. The World Wide Web, HTTP and HTML
(Tim Berners-Lee)
Tim Berners-Lee was born in London, England
and graduated in Physics from Oxford
University in 1976. He is currently the Director
of the World Wide Web Consortium, the
group that sets technical standards for the
Web.
Tim Berners-Lee was the man leading the
development of the World Wide Web (with
help of course), the defining of HTML
(hypertext markup language) used to create
web pages, HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer
Protocol) and URLs (Universal Resource
Locators).
All of those developments took place
between 1989 and 1991.

31. XXI century

32. Braille Glove
(Ryan Patterson)
Ryan Patterson, 18, saw a deaf woman trying to order food at a
restaurant, and had a eureka moment: Why not create a device that
translates sign language into text? Armed with that idea and a leather golf
glove, Patterson created a device that senses its wearer's hand movements
and transmits them wirelessly to a tiny handheld monitor, where they appear
as words. (2002)

33. Phone tooth
(James Auger and Jimmy Loizeau)
Tired of having to wear a cell phone on your belt wherever you go? In the future, you
may not have to. Two British researchers have developed a prototype "phone tooth"
that can be embedded in a molar and receive cell-phone calls. The signals are translated
into vibrations that travel from the tooth to your skull to your inner ear—where only you
can hear them. Great for giving instructions to spies and NFL quarterbacks. Not so great
for the rest of us, because while our teeth may talk to us, we can't talk back to them.

34. Spyfish – minisubmarine
Spyfish (invented by British company H2eye) is
a battery-powered minisubmarine tricked out
with cameras and floodlights and operated by
wireless remote control. It trails a slender
cable behind it that transmits whatever it sees
back to a monitor topside. Spyfish is elegant
and streamlined but rugged enough to
withstand depths of 150 m and conditions too
cold or dangerous for a human diver.

35. Intelligent Oven
Here's your schedule: you get up in the
morning. You stick a meal in the refrigerator.
You go to work. Around noon you use your cell
phone to call your refrigerator and tell it to
turn itself into an oven. The oven cooks your
food so it will be done at 6 p.m. You come
home, and dinner's ready to eat. That's the
future according to the makers of the
Intelligent Oven, an appliance that can cool
and cook food and follow instructions sent via
a cell phone or the Internet. It even has two
separate compartments that can heat and cool
independently of each other. (the idea belongs
to a British inventor, but the oven itself was
developed and made by American Corp.
Tonight's Menu)

36. Gibbs Aquada
(Alan Gibbs)
The Gibbs Aquada is a high speed amphibious vehicle developed by Gibbs
Technologies, an Alan Gibbs company. It is capable of speeds over 160 km/h
(100 mph) on land and 50 km/h (30 mph / 26 knots) on water. Rather than
adding wheels to a boat design, or creating a car that floats, the Aquada was
designed from the ground up to perform very well in both fields, with over 60
patents covering technical innovations.

37. ‘Witty Wheels’
(1st environment-friendly car)
The low-emission Clever car, which runs on compressed
natural gas. The three-wheeled, aluminum-framed Clever
turns like a dream thanks to computer-controlled cornering
and hydraulics. And even though its engine is good for the
earth, this two-seater can cruise at speeds up to 80 m.p.h.

38. Locator
(finder of lost things)
Helps to find misplaced items. You can simply attach radio-frequency-
emitting tags to your most losable possessions. When something is
missing, fire up the Loc8tor, and it points you in the right direction--
not just left or right, but up or down too. It homes in to within an
inch of your item, while the tag itself emits helpful beeps.

39. Water-repellent umbrella
The NanoNuno umbrella dries after a quick shake, so you don't have to
park it outside the door on rainy days. The canopy's nanotech
polyester surface is designed to repel water droplets, so they don't end
up on you or your floor. Its inventors were inspired by the way
moisture and dirt roll off the leaves of a lotus plant.

40. The Hug shirt
The Hug Shirt, a high-tech garment
that simulates the experience of
being embraced by a loved one.
When a friend sends you a virtual
hug, your cell phone notifies the shirt
wirelessly, via Bluetooth. The shirt
then re-creates that person's
distinctive cuddle, replicating his or
her warmth, pressure, duration and
even heartbeat. It was introduced by
CuteCircuit, a fashion company based
in London that designs amazing
interactive fashion. Unfortunately it’s
not yet for sale.