The document describes several inventions from the United Kingdom and their inventors, including penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, the steam engine developed by Thomas Savery in 1698, mechanical television created by John Logie Baird in 1924-1928, polyester fibers invented by John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson in 1941, gravitation hypothesized by Isaac Newton in 1687, the theory of evolution established by Charles Darwin in 1859, the hypodermic needle invented by Alexander Wood in 1853, the bicycle invented by Kirkpatrick Macmillan in 1839, the kaleidoscope invented by David Brewster in 1816, the pneumatic tire patented by John Boyd Dunlop in 1888, and the telescope invented by

1. INVENTIONS & RESEARCHES

2. United KingdomPenicillinIs a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases.Itwasdiscoveredbythe Scottish biologist and pharmacologist Alexander Fleming in 1928.

3. United KingdomSteam EngineIs a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.The first practical steam-powered “engine” was a water pump developed in 1698 by the English inventor Thomas Savery.

4. United KingdomMechanical TelevisionJohn Logie Baird created the first televised pictures of objects in motion in 1924, the first televised human face in 1925, and a year later he televised the first moving object image at the Royal Institution in London.Later in 1928 he made a trans-atlantic transmission of a image of a human face.

5. United KingdomPolyesterJohn Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson investigated polyesters and in 1941 produced and patentedThe first polyester fiber which they named Terylene, which now is know as PET (Polyethylene terephthalate).

6. United KingdomGravitationIs a natural phenomenon by which physical bodies attract with a force proportional to their mass.In 1687, English mathematician Sir Isaac Newton published Principia, which hypothesizes the inverse-square law of universal gravitation.

7. United KingdomTheory of EvolutionCharles Darwin in 1859 book On the Origin of Species established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposedthe scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.

8. United KingdomHypodermic needleIt was invented in 1853 by Doctor Alexander Wood from Edimburg.It´s good to inject and extract fluid from the human body without cutting skin. Before this Francis Rynd has invented the hollow needle in 1844, and after that, Manuel JalónCorominas (an engineer) invented the hypodermic disposable needle.

9. United KingdomBicycleIt´s a personal transport vehicle driven by the passenger. It was invented in 1839 by Kirkpatrick Macmillan, an scottish man. He didn't patented his invention, so another person copied and sold it getting a lot of money. A copy of the first bike is at Science Museum of London.

10. United KingdomKaleidoscopeIt´s a toy and it was invented in 1816 by David Brewster (scottish). He registered his invention, but as it was very easy for copying, many people did it, and he stop to receiving money for it.

11. United KingdomTireDunlop inflated rubber tubes and wrapped with a tarp to protect them and stuck them on the rims of the wheels of his son´s tricycle, making a smoother ride as the standard wheels, those were made of solid rubber. He patented his invention in 1888 and retained the rights of it after a lawsuit with other inventors from different countries.

12. United KingdomTelescopeJames Gregory invented a telescope. In 1663, he published his idea about this device, but he couldn't build it until 10 years after this publication, when he got the aid from another scientist, Robert Hooke. Many people say he´s the most famous britishmathematician in this century (17th) after Newton.

13. United StatesPhonographAlso known as record player is a device that was used to both record and reproduce sounds.The phonograph was invented in 1877 by Thomas Alva Edison at his laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, USA.

14. United StatesRotating Magnetic FieldIs a magnetic field which changes direction at (ideally) a constant angular rate. This is a key principle in the operation of the alternating-current motor.Nikola Tesla claimed in his autobiography that he identified the concept of the rotating magnetic field in 1882.In 1888, Tesla gained U.S. Patent 0,381,968 for his work.

15. United StatesAssembly LineIs a manufacturing process in which parts are added to a product in a sequential manner using optimally planned logistics.It was developed by Ford Motor Company between 1908 and 1915.

16. United StatesFlying MachineA fixed-wing aircraft is an aircraft capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air.The Wright Brothers credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903.

17. United StatesPersonal Computeris any general-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and original sales price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user.IBM, Apple Computer, and Microsoft refined and popularized them, making them commercially successful.

18. United StatesARPANETWas the world's first operational packet switching network and the core network of a set that came to compose the global Internet.The network was funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense in August 1962.

19. United StatesGPSGlobal Positioning System is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth.Bradford Parkinson and Ivan A. Getting developed it in 1993.

20. MexicoColor TelevisionGuillermo GonzálezCamarena invented an early color television transmission system. He received patents for color television systems in 1942, 1960 and 1962. The 1942 patent (filed in Mexico on August 19, 1940)was for asynchronized color filter wheel adapter for monochrome television, similar to the field sequential color receiver demonstrated by Baird in England in July 1939.

21. MexicoTridilosaIs a very light and resistant, materials-efficient 3-D structure, made from steel and concrete and widely used in civil engineering.It can save up to 66% on concrete usage and up to 40% on steel.It was Invented by the Engineer Heberto Castillo in 1966

22. MexicoTranslucent ConcreteIs a new kind of concrete that allows the pass of light through it, and it lighter and more resistant than the traditional concrete.This new material was invented by José Sosa Gutiérrez and Sergio Omar GalvánCácerez.

23. MexicoTortilla MachineIt was a laminated roller head and a transporter band that went to a metal hotplate (comal) and it could produce 16,000 tortillas a day.It was invented in 1904 by Everardo Rodriguez Arce and Luis Romero.

24. MexicoSponge IronIt is the process in which the iron is directly reduced to just Fe only.The process consist in making a chemical process to separate the oxygen from the Iron.This process was developed by the HYLSA company, in 1957. This kind of Iron is used to making a special type of steel, it´s a cheap substitute to scrap Iron, which is very expensive.

25. MexicoCombined oral contraceptive pillIs a birth control method that includes a combination of an estrogen and a progestin.Luis Ernesto Miramontesgotthepatenttogheterwith Carl Djerassi and George RosekranzfromtheMexicancompanySyntex.

26. MexicoIndelible InkThis substance gets impregnated in the skin cells, and it doesn´t falls for a least 24hours.It was used for the first time in the 1994 elections in Mexico.It was created by the engineer Filiberto Vazquez, from the “EscuelaNacional de CienciasBiológicas” from the IPN.

27. Velodromo “Belem Guerrero” at Mexico City.

28. MexicoIt´s a numerical method invented in 1973 from Matrix Algebra, to resolve determinants, and it was modified en 1976 from using matrixes to resolve linear algebra systems (linear equations). This method works with whole numbers, therefore, is the most accurate way to find this kind of things.René Mario MontantePardo (engineer, mathematician and teacher of FIME) was his inventor. His job is used in the whole world. .

29. MexicoHe has created a substance for rehydrating dead bodies, even though those were dry or decomposed (until to seem them as just been dead). His invention has been used to find an identity from women of Juárez, Chihuahua. Alejandro Hernández Cárdenas, Forensic dentist.

30. MexicoEvangelina Villegas) is a cereal biochemist whose work with maize has led to the development of high-quality protein maize (QPM). She and her colleague, Dr. SurinderVasal, shared the 2000 World Food Prize for this achievement. This maize has the double protein quantity and 10% plus of grain. She considers it like a way to fight against the Latin American famine.

31. . Tecnología Bookondemand: VictorCelorio inventó una nueva imprenta rápida llamada Instabook, que edita un libro en 17 segundos, donde se puede escoger el diseño más adecuado y hasta los escritores sin editor pueden imprimir sus copias.

32. MexicoAs an inventor, Victor Celorioobtained patents for the technology popularly known as InstaBook, as well as that of Distributed Printing technology in which an e-book is distributed among as many printing centers as required for immediate production and delivery, thereby creating a vast network of digital bookstores and libraries. His invention was patented in USA, Mexico and China. The USPTO rejected the objections presented by a third party to try to patenting InstaBook.

33. MexicoArmando M. Fernández rediseño para su uso comercial el mousepad o almohadilla de ratón en 1979, basado en conocimientos de ingeniería de reducción de costos, calidad, confiabilidad, caracterización y especificación de componentes y sistemas.

34. . Proyecto GNOME (GNU Network ModelEnvironment): Surgió en agosto de 1997 como un entorno de desarrollo gráfico para sistemas operativos Unix/Linux, compuesto de software libre, creación de los Mexicanos Miguel de Icaza y Federico Mena.

35. Con denominación de origen en Guanajuato, Michoacán, Tamaulipas, Nayarit y Jalisco (en los cuatro anteriores sólo se puede producir en algunos municipios). Es la bebida más conocida y representativa de México en el mundo. Debe estar elaborada en México y contener al menos un 51% de azúcares. La casa cuervo consiguió en 1795 el permiso del Rey para producirlo, se cree que se elabora desde antes de 1616 (según registros)TequilaBebida alcohólica elaborada a partir de la fermentación y destilado del jugo extraído del agave , en particular el llamado agave azul (tequilana Weber).