Xerostomia = Dry mouth ( xerostomia is a disorder in salivary secretion ) etiology Sjögren's syndrome (SS) clinical features management treatment -- summarized (For more information read my article): https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323199716_XEROSTOMIA

1. XEROSTOMIA

2. • Introduction
• Etiology
— Sjögren’s syndrome (SS)
• Clinical features of Xerostomia
• Management
• Treatment
Content

3. Saliva
• The role of saliva is maintaining oral pH within the 6.7–7.2 range.
• It has cleansing action clearing the oral cavity of food.
• Helps prevent caries due to its buffering action.
Introduction
XEROSTOMIA IS A DISORDER IN SALIVARY SECRETION

5. • Note: symptoms may occur without a measurable reduction
in salivary gland output.
Everyone has dry mouth once in a while when they are nervous,
upset or under stress. But if someone has a dry mouth most of
the time, this condition is called xerostomia.

6. •Glands contribution of
un-stimulated Salivary
Flow:
•Submandibular 65%
•Parotid 20%
•Sublingual 7%
•Rest % - Minor glands

7. Dry mouth can cause difficulties in:
• Tasting
• Chewing
• Swallowing
• Speaking
— If it goes untreated, severe dry mouth can also lead to increased levels
of tooth decay and infections of the mouth.

8. Xerostomia affects millions of patients throughout the world. The results of clinical
studies suggest that this problem affects mostly menopausal women and individuals
above 65 years of age.
Etiology
There are three most common causes: Sjögren's syndrome (SS),
medication and radiotherapy to the head and neck.

9. Inflammation and lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands is a
classical feature of Sjögren's syndrome.
— Almost every Sjögren’s patient experiences some degree of dry mouth.
Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease that affects the
entire body. Along with symptoms of extensive dryness.
Sjögren's syndrome (SS)

10. Clinical features of Xerostomia
Depending on the severity, xerostomia can cause the following manifestations:
- Fissures and ruptures of the lips
- Fetor ex ore
- Dysgeusia
- Presence of “milky” saliva draining from the
glandular ducts

11. - Dry, pale, ruptured, and lusterless mucosal membranes
Clinical features of Xerostomia
- Problems with food ingestion, frequent consumption of fluids during meals
- Burning of the tongue and/or lips: burning mouth syndrome (BMS)
- Loss of saliva increases the acidity of the mouth -
contribute to the development of caries

12. Management
- Encouragement of carrying water all the times.
- Use of oral care products: mouthwashes, gels,
sprays and artificial salivas.
- The use of chewing gums, lozenges, candies or mints
may provide symptomatic relief by stimulating
salivation, but they must be sugar-free and non-acidic.

13. Patients with Xerostomia should avoid:
- Highly flavored toothpastes
- Alcohol and caffeine
- Hot or spicy foods
- Smoking

14. Treatment
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two medications for
the relief of dry mouth symptoms:
pilocarpine (Salagen®) and cevimeline (Evoxac®).
If your doctor believes medication to be the cause, he or she may adjust
your dosage or switch you to another medication that doesn't cause a dry
mouth.

15. THANK YOU

16. REFERENCES
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