2. Is the external expression of changes in the pulp-dentin
complex OR the tooth surface that become visible
through the almost transparent enamel. It results in
changes of tooth color, hue or translucency
DEFINTION
(Pinkham JR, et al, 2005)
"
"
4. Direct stains
Tea coffee and other foods
Cigarettes/cigars
Plaque/poor oral hygiene/chromogenic
bacteria
EXTRINSIC IS SUBDIVIDE INTO:
Indirect stains
Polyvalent metal salts
Cationic antiseptics, eg chlorhexidine
Copper salts in mouthrinses
Potassium permanganate in mouthrinses
7. REFERENCES:
Pinkham JR, et al, Pediatric Dentistry - Infancy through Adolescence ,4th Edition, 2005, ISBN 0-7216-0312-2 P. 267
Hargreaves KM; Berman LH . Cohen's Pathways of the Pulp Expert Consult. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN
978-0-323-18586-8. P. 2212
M. Sulieman, An Overview of Tooth Discoloration; Extrinsic, Intrinsic, and Internalized Stains Page.2