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BIOCHEMISTRY II
COMPOSED BY :
EKA GUNARTI NINGSIH
(RSA1C111005)
ELIS YULIAWATI
(RSA1C111006)
XENOBIOTIC
Copyright : Buku Ajar Biokimia Mahasiswa Kedokteran. 2011
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
H + O2 + NADPH + H+ R—OH + H2O + NADP
Copyright : Buku Ajar Biokimia Mahasiswa Kedokteran. 2011
Reaksi Epoksidasi dan
hidroksilasi
Reaksi
Deaminasi
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
Four primary enzymes:
1. Glucuronosyltransferase—glucuronic acid
2. Sulfotransferase—sulfate
3. Glutathione-S-transferase—glutathione (GSH)
4. Acetyltransferase—acetyl
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
Copyright 2008, The Johns Hopkins University and Michael A. Trush.
R+GSH R-S-G
ASETILASI
Copyright : www.issx.org
METILASI
Copyright : www.issx.org
PRIMER SEKUNDER TERSIER
ALKILASI
TERBENTUKNYA
RADIKAL
BEBAS
TOKSISITAS
OKSIGEN
CARA KERUSAKAN SEL
CEDERA SEL
MUTASI GEN
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi
1. Faktor Genetik
2. Faktor Lingkungan
3. Umur dan Jenis Kelamin
4. Interaksi antara Xenobiotik dengan Senyawa Endogen
ANY QUESTION??

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Xenobiotik (Biochemistry II)

Editor's Notes

  1. Xenobiotik berasal dari bahasa Yunani: Xenos yang artinya asingXenobiotiktidakmempunyaifungsi structural maupunfisiologisbagitubuhsehinggaharus di keluarkandaritubuh. Xenobiotik umumnya tidak larut air, sehingga kalau masuk tubuh tidak dapat diekskresi.Untuk dapat diekskresi xenobiotik harus dimetabolisme menjadi zat yang larut, sehingga bisa diekskresi. Organ yang paling berperan dalam metabolisme xenobiotik adalah hati. Ekskresi xenobiotik melalui empedu dan urine.
  2. FaseHidroksilasiadalahfasemengubahxenobiotikaktifmenjadiinaktifataumerupakansalahsatu proses penguraianobat di dalamtubuholehbantuanenzim Mono oksidaseatauSitokrom P450.Sitokrom P450 merupakankeluargabesarenzimberjenishemeprotein yang berfungsisebagaikatalisoksidatorpadalintasanmetabolisme xenobiotic. Berbagaireaksikimiawi organic dipercepatolehsitokrom P450, sepertimonooksigenasi, reduksi,epoksidasidandehalogenasi. Reaksitersebutsecaraspesifikditujukangunamengkonversisenyawasubstratmenjadimetabolit polar untuk di eksresi, atau di proses olehenzimlainnyapadametabolismefasa II menjadisenyawakonjugasinya.
  3. . Tahapan primer dapatberupaperoksidasi lipid, interaksikovalendenganmakromolekulsel, perubahan status thiolseluler, inhibisienzimaatu ischemia. Tahapansekunderdapatberwujudkerusakandanhambatanfungsimitokondrial, perubahansitoskeleton,perubahanstrukturdanpermeabilitasmembrane,kerusakanDNA,deplesi(pengurasan)ATP dankofaktor lain, perubahankadarCa,deatabilisasilisosomal,stimulasi apoptosis ataukerusakan endoplasmic reticulum. Tahapantertier yang teramatidapatberupasteatosis,degenerasihidropik,nekrosisatauneoplasia (timbrell,1991).
  4. Respon metabolisme xenobiotik dapat merugikan karena :- Berikatan dengan makromolekul dan menyebabkan cidera sel- Berikatan dengan makromolekul menjadi hapten -> menghasilkan hapten, molekul kecil yang dengan sendirinya tidak merangsang sintesis antibodi akan tetapi bergabung dengan antibodi bila terbentuk. Antibodi yang dihasilkan kemudian dapat merusak sel.- Berikatan dengan makromolekul menjadi zat mutan yang menyebakan timbulnya sel kanker