Carl Wieman, a Nobel Prize-winning physicist, argues that the traditional lecture-based model of teaching undergraduate science is ineffective and unscientific. He has spent 15 years reforming science education to focus on active, student-centered learning shown to improve learning outcomes. While successful in improving individual courses, Wieman has faced significant challenges in overcoming the academic culture that prioritizes research over teaching. He continues pushing for systemic reforms that incentivize and reward improvements in undergraduate science education.
The document summarizes developments in Wayne State University's chemistry department. It discusses the $76 million renovation of the chemistry building from 2004-2011, which modernized labs and offices. Thanks to donations from Paul and Carol Schaap, the building features an atrium and lecture hall and is named after Paul Schaap. The newsletter interviews the Schaaps, who have generously supported the department. Paul Schaap was a faculty member whose research led to the founding of Lumigen Inc. The newsletter highlights faculty research with commercial applications and successful alumni.
Rethinking Physics Service Courses:The challenge of cross-disciplinary STEM...Joe Redish
Cross-disciplinary instruction is common in STEM programs. Physicists teach engineers; chemists teach biologists; and mathematicians teach everybody. But scientific disciplines create distinct cultures – conventions, goals, expectations, and epistemologies – and these differences can lead to serious challenges for an instructor teaching out of her discipline. In this talk, I discuss how what has been learned in decades of Physics Education Research can help us better understand these challenges. And to use that understanding to figure out how to help our non-physics students get more authentic value from our classes — and to value what they have learned.
Rethinking physics for life-science students: Teaching using math in physicsJoe Redish
Cross-disciplinary instruction is common in STEM programs. But scientific disciplines create distinct cultures – conventions, goals, expectations, and epistemologies – and these differences can lead to serious challenges for an instructor teaching out of her discipline. In this talk, I discuss what we learned through creating NEXUS/Physics: a deep redesign of introductory physics for life science students. Life science students show particularly strong resistance to reasoning with symbolic math. Our research helped us understand that learning to use math in physics involved skills those students had not learned in math classes and that we were not teaching to them in physics. I'll discuss one approach to remedy the situation and to help our students overcome a resistance to thinking with math.
The document discusses a program called "Growing Tall Poppies" developed by researchers at the University of Melbourne in partnership with Santa Maria College, a girls' school. The program aims to increase the number of girls studying physics in secondary school and continuing into Years 11 and 12. A longitudinal study found that the program significantly increased both the number of girls choosing Year 11 physics and retaining into Year 12 physics. The program is focused on engaging students with current research projects in an authentic science environment. It promotes science learning through relevance, cross-disciplinary links, and involvement in real research with scientists.
Providing simulated online and mobile learning experiences in a prison educat...Helen Farley
This article reports on the preliminary findings, design criteria and lessons learned while developing and piloting an alternative to traditional print-based educational materials within a prison environment. PLEIADES (Portable Learning Environments for Incarcerated Distance Education Students), is a project designed to provide incarcerated students with access to internet-independent secure digital and mobile technologies. An internet-independent version of Moodle was developed to complement course readings deployed on e-Readers. The aim of the project is to increase access to and participation in higher education courses that are increasingly offered online. The article begins with an overview of the current provision of education within prison environments and introduces the rationale for commencing the study. The initial findings from the research activities conducted during the first phase of the project trial are discussed and the paper concludes with the lessons learned and implications for the second phase of the pilot project.
US-country paper-Women in physics-IUPAP-conferenceSujatha Sampath
This document discusses initiatives to increase the recruitment and retention of women in physics in the United States. It outlines programs that target girls and young women at various stages, from middle school conferences designed to spark interest in STEM, to undergraduate conferences that provide community and information about physics careers. It also describes workshops for women physics faculty to aid retention and promotion. Research on gender in physics education aims to understand factors influencing women's representation and success in physics studies and careers. Overall the document covers a wide range of ongoing efforts across education and professional levels to address the underrepresentation of women in physics.
This document proposes a taxonomy for "authentic news media-based learning activities" in organic chemistry courses. It begins by reviewing traditional approaches that aim to connect course content to real-world issues, such as using newspaper articles. Recently, online news media have played a larger role. The taxonomy has six levels to describe approaches using news media. The "Chemistry Is in the News" project uses news portfolios created by student groups to connect course concepts to current events. Students study, create, and peer-review news portfolios consisting of a news article and analysis questions. This allows students to engage with course material through real-world issues.
The document summarizes an event held by Imperial College London to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Helen Sharman's trip to space. Imperial College hosted astronauts and school children both in person and online. A lecture on rocket science was live streamed to numerous schools and has since been viewed over 1,100 times. This was followed by an astronaut Q&A on Twitter where questions from schools were answered. The hashtag for the event reached nearly 7 million impressions on social media over the weekend.
The document summarizes developments in Wayne State University's chemistry department. It discusses the $76 million renovation of the chemistry building from 2004-2011, which modernized labs and offices. Thanks to donations from Paul and Carol Schaap, the building features an atrium and lecture hall and is named after Paul Schaap. The newsletter interviews the Schaaps, who have generously supported the department. Paul Schaap was a faculty member whose research led to the founding of Lumigen Inc. The newsletter highlights faculty research with commercial applications and successful alumni.
Rethinking Physics Service Courses:The challenge of cross-disciplinary STEM...Joe Redish
Cross-disciplinary instruction is common in STEM programs. Physicists teach engineers; chemists teach biologists; and mathematicians teach everybody. But scientific disciplines create distinct cultures – conventions, goals, expectations, and epistemologies – and these differences can lead to serious challenges for an instructor teaching out of her discipline. In this talk, I discuss how what has been learned in decades of Physics Education Research can help us better understand these challenges. And to use that understanding to figure out how to help our non-physics students get more authentic value from our classes — and to value what they have learned.
Rethinking physics for life-science students: Teaching using math in physicsJoe Redish
Cross-disciplinary instruction is common in STEM programs. But scientific disciplines create distinct cultures – conventions, goals, expectations, and epistemologies – and these differences can lead to serious challenges for an instructor teaching out of her discipline. In this talk, I discuss what we learned through creating NEXUS/Physics: a deep redesign of introductory physics for life science students. Life science students show particularly strong resistance to reasoning with symbolic math. Our research helped us understand that learning to use math in physics involved skills those students had not learned in math classes and that we were not teaching to them in physics. I'll discuss one approach to remedy the situation and to help our students overcome a resistance to thinking with math.
The document discusses a program called "Growing Tall Poppies" developed by researchers at the University of Melbourne in partnership with Santa Maria College, a girls' school. The program aims to increase the number of girls studying physics in secondary school and continuing into Years 11 and 12. A longitudinal study found that the program significantly increased both the number of girls choosing Year 11 physics and retaining into Year 12 physics. The program is focused on engaging students with current research projects in an authentic science environment. It promotes science learning through relevance, cross-disciplinary links, and involvement in real research with scientists.
Providing simulated online and mobile learning experiences in a prison educat...Helen Farley
This article reports on the preliminary findings, design criteria and lessons learned while developing and piloting an alternative to traditional print-based educational materials within a prison environment. PLEIADES (Portable Learning Environments for Incarcerated Distance Education Students), is a project designed to provide incarcerated students with access to internet-independent secure digital and mobile technologies. An internet-independent version of Moodle was developed to complement course readings deployed on e-Readers. The aim of the project is to increase access to and participation in higher education courses that are increasingly offered online. The article begins with an overview of the current provision of education within prison environments and introduces the rationale for commencing the study. The initial findings from the research activities conducted during the first phase of the project trial are discussed and the paper concludes with the lessons learned and implications for the second phase of the pilot project.
US-country paper-Women in physics-IUPAP-conferenceSujatha Sampath
This document discusses initiatives to increase the recruitment and retention of women in physics in the United States. It outlines programs that target girls and young women at various stages, from middle school conferences designed to spark interest in STEM, to undergraduate conferences that provide community and information about physics careers. It also describes workshops for women physics faculty to aid retention and promotion. Research on gender in physics education aims to understand factors influencing women's representation and success in physics studies and careers. Overall the document covers a wide range of ongoing efforts across education and professional levels to address the underrepresentation of women in physics.
This document proposes a taxonomy for "authentic news media-based learning activities" in organic chemistry courses. It begins by reviewing traditional approaches that aim to connect course content to real-world issues, such as using newspaper articles. Recently, online news media have played a larger role. The taxonomy has six levels to describe approaches using news media. The "Chemistry Is in the News" project uses news portfolios created by student groups to connect course concepts to current events. Students study, create, and peer-review news portfolios consisting of a news article and analysis questions. This allows students to engage with course material through real-world issues.
The document summarizes an event held by Imperial College London to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Helen Sharman's trip to space. Imperial College hosted astronauts and school children both in person and online. A lecture on rocket science was live streamed to numerous schools and has since been viewed over 1,100 times. This was followed by an astronaut Q&A on Twitter where questions from schools were answered. The hashtag for the event reached nearly 7 million impressions on social media over the weekend.
The Southwestern Science Initiative, funded by a $1.3 million grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, is transforming science education at Southwestern University by shifting to an inquiry-based learning model. Phase one involved training faculty over the summer on new teaching techniques to make classes more interactive and student-centered. Changes being implemented include redesigning labs to focus on student-led research projects, incorporating clicker questions and group work. The goal is to better prepare students for careers in science through hands-on learning and collaboration. Assessment over the next three years will evaluate the program's impact on student engagement and persistence in the sciences.
Challenges of biology education for the 21st century - beyond bio2010 symposi...bio-link
Dr. Jay Labov, from the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council, talks about how undergraduate biology education must change to meet the challenges of the 21st century
Students in a class at BYU-Idaho were given $50 each to create prototypes addressing health issues in developing countries. Their prototypes included an improved cooking stove made from aluminum cans that reduces smoke inhalation, and a simple septic system made from common household items that could improve sanitation. The projects showed that small investments can significantly improve lives and that students can make a difference through service.
This document provides advice and guidance for publishing papers on pedagogic research in academic journals. It discusses common reasons why papers get rejected, benefits of publishing education research, topic ideas, addressing lack of evidence or familiarity with literature, writing style considerations, and suggests suitable journals in biology and other fields.
This document discusses Newcastle University's efforts to integrate information literacy (IL) instruction throughout its curriculum. It describes how IL was previously taught in a patchy, stand-alone manner. Newcastle then developed a "golden thread" approach, introducing and reinforcing IL concepts across multiple stages and modules in the Environmental Science program. Assessments found this embedded approach helped students develop IL skills and recognize their relevance. The integrated method required collaboration between librarians and faculty but had advantages over stand-alone instruction. Newcastle continues assessing the impact of this curriculum-integrated IL approach.
The document summarizes new collaborations formed by the University of Notre Dame College of Science. It discusses partnerships with MD Anderson Cancer Center and Loyola University to provide research opportunities for Notre Dame students in cancer research. It also describes the formation of new relationships in Silicon Valley as part of Notre Dame's California Initiative to provide career and research opportunities for students and identify partners to help commercialize Notre Dame's research.
A National Science Fair Exhibiting Support For The Knowledge EconomyJoe Andelija
This document summarizes a research article about a national science fair. The researchers analyzed data from successive versions of the science fair to understand how it functions within the school and broader societal context. Their analysis suggests the science fair serves to support the "knowledge economy" by benefiting those who control knowledge production and distribution, but it may not benefit all students equally. Specifically, the researchers found participation in the fair favors students from advantaged, resource-rich backgrounds, though these students do benefit from the experience. However, the science fair also benefits its sponsors who can use it for promotional purposes.
Bruce Alberts discusses his work in science education over the past 20 years and his inspiration from M.S. Swaminathan. He created the National Academies' recipe for effective education research called SERP, which proposed "Field Sites" where researchers, teachers and designers work together to improve how students learn. More recently, he has focused on embedding community activity into schools, citing examples from Colombia and free science curricula created by the IAP to empower youth to use science for social good in their communities. His vision is for an education system that provides school credit for community work, utilizes volunteer talents, and produces adults who can build a more sustainable world.
This document summarizes Re-Imagine Science's efforts to transform how science is done in the US through applying theories like Theory U and the Cynefin Framework. It discusses workshops and events held from 2010-2019 on topics like the individual in systems, cooperativity, complexity theory, and the science of team science. It also introduces the staff and advisors of Re-Imagine Science, whose backgrounds span academia, government, non-profits, and industry. The document advocates for a value-driven science focused on inclusion and sustainability through cross-sector collaboration and long-term teaming.
This document discusses the importance of science communication and improving science education globally. It describes the speaker's experiences in India seeing how science was used to improve livelihoods through organizations like MSSRF. This influenced the speaker's views on the role of science in society. The document advocates for creating a "scientific temper" worldwide through new forms of science education that teach scientific inquiry and problem-solving from a young age. It presents examples of hands-on science lessons for young students and discusses reforming college science education. The goal is to provide all adults with an understanding of the scientific process and ability to use evidence-based reasoning in their lives. International collaboration between science academies is presented as a promising way to strengthen science education.
A Recommendation To Biomedical Engineering Students From The EditorDon Dooley
The author discusses his recommendation that biomedical engineering students join a professional society like IEEE EMBS in order to promote lifelong learning. He argues that ABET accreditation requires demonstrating lifelong learning and membership in a professional society is one way to measure this. The author also states that he will no longer write recommendation letters for students who are not members of a professional biomedical engineering society. He believes this will encourage students to stay engaged with the field after graduation. The author welcomes feedback on this proposed change to his recommendation letter policy.
Addressing the falling interest in school science in rural and remote areas u...James Cook University
Anderson, N., Courtney,L., Zee, R., & Hajhashemi, K. (2014). Addressing the falling interest in school science in rural and remote areas using experiments and science fairs. World Applied Science Journal (WASJ). 30(12), 1839-1851.
Breaking News: Board of Regents Meeting on UW-Eau Claire Campusjaxdupont
The University of Wisconsin Board of Regents met at UW-Eau Claire where Chancellor Levin-Stankevich spoke about the university's accomplishments and research being done by students and faculty to transform the future of UW-Eau Claire. Examples presented included research on increasing diversity in opera, making the campus more carbon neutral, and studying changes in participants from the Civil Rights Pilgrimage. The student and faculty research was said to help make UW-Eau Claire unique and exemplify the core values of the UW System in providing a transformative educational experience.
Illinois Mathematics & Science Academy (IMSA) graduate Ziang Wang is a member of The National Society of High School Scholars and a 2015 recipient of the NSHSS Foundation's annual Earth Day Award. In this Q&A, Ziang discusses his project on green roofs and pollution problems in China.
The ReFlexus program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison aims to refocus the college experience around flexibility, self-discovery, and career application. It proposes restructuring the current major system into spheres of interest to allow more cross-disciplinary learning. Students would choose a double major and focuses within their interests rather than being restricted to individual departments. This more flexible model is intended to produce well-rounded, self-directed graduates prepared for an evolving world. It also better aligns with the Wisconsin Idea of applying knowledge to benefit society.
The document discusses the Nuffield science teaching project and Science-A Process Approach (SAPA) program. The Nuffield project sought to modernize science education for students ages 5 to 18 through new courses. SAPA was evaluated to assess curriculum change, with hypotheses that students in the SAPA program would have a better understanding of science processes and improved attitudes compared to a traditional program. Measures supported that SAPA improved student process skills and teacher understanding of science processes.
Students discovering the beauty of doing research — long before graduate scho...ssuseree9905
- Two Florida State University graduate students, Brittany Kraft and Emily Williams, observe two aggressively fighting male mosquitofish in a tank to study how genetics may determine aggression.
- Undergraduate research is thriving at FSU across many disciplines, with over 3,000 undergraduates involved annually in research projects, theses, and creative works.
- The inaugural issue of The Owl, FSU's first undergraduate research journal, was published in 2011 to highlight this research through papers on topics from artificial intelligence to religion.
The Nuffield Science Teaching Project sought to modernize science education for students ages 5 to 18 through new courses in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and junior science. It emphasized hands-on practical work and teaching science as an inquiry process. The Science-A Process Approach (SAPA) program similarly focused on developing students' understanding of science processes over memorization of facts. An evaluation of SAPA found it improved students' skills in cognitive science processes and teachers' understanding of science processes, though had no impact on students' content knowledge.
- Myles Robinson graduated from Kennesaw State University with a chemistry degree and was inspired by his mother's career as a nurse to enter the medical field.
- While in school, he gained clinical experience working as a certified nursing assistant and assisting a KSU professor with laboratory research.
- Robinson was accepted to the University of Chicago's highly competitive Pritzker School of Medicine program and was awarded a $200,000 scholarship after posting exceptional scores on his Medical College Admission Test.
This document summarizes an article about high school science internship programs that place students directly in university and private research labs during the summer. It discusses how the hands-on research experience inspires students about science careers and shows them that science is not just memorizing facts, but involves real-world problem solving and an embrace of failure. The internships benefit both students and researchers. Students gain job experience and inspiration, while researchers benefit from the extra help on their projects. The article profiles several students and their research at Stanford, UC Santa Cruz, and other local institutions. It also discusses the growing demand for STEM careers and efforts to expand access to internships.
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias digitales docentes medi...eraser Juan José Calderón
Evaluación de t-MOOC universitario sobre competencias
digitales docentes mediante juicio de expertos
según el Marco DigCompEdu.
Julio Cabero-Almenara
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
cabero@us.es
Julio Barroso--‐Osuna
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
jbarroso@us.es
Antonio Palacios--‐Rodríguez
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
aprodriguez@us.es
Carmen Llorente--‐Cejudo
Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
karen@us.es
This document announces a special issue of the journal "Comunicar" on hate speech in communication. It provides details such as the issue date, submission deadline, thematic editors, and scope. The scope describes hate speech and calls for research analyzing hate speech messages, backgrounds, and intervention strategies. The document lists descriptive keywords and questions to guide submitted papers. It introduces the three thematic editors and provides their backgrounds and research interests related to communication, media, and online environments. Submission guidelines and relevant website links are also included.
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The Southwestern Science Initiative, funded by a $1.3 million grant from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, is transforming science education at Southwestern University by shifting to an inquiry-based learning model. Phase one involved training faculty over the summer on new teaching techniques to make classes more interactive and student-centered. Changes being implemented include redesigning labs to focus on student-led research projects, incorporating clicker questions and group work. The goal is to better prepare students for careers in science through hands-on learning and collaboration. Assessment over the next three years will evaluate the program's impact on student engagement and persistence in the sciences.
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This document provides advice and guidance for publishing papers on pedagogic research in academic journals. It discusses common reasons why papers get rejected, benefits of publishing education research, topic ideas, addressing lack of evidence or familiarity with literature, writing style considerations, and suggests suitable journals in biology and other fields.
This document discusses Newcastle University's efforts to integrate information literacy (IL) instruction throughout its curriculum. It describes how IL was previously taught in a patchy, stand-alone manner. Newcastle then developed a "golden thread" approach, introducing and reinforcing IL concepts across multiple stages and modules in the Environmental Science program. Assessments found this embedded approach helped students develop IL skills and recognize their relevance. The integrated method required collaboration between librarians and faculty but had advantages over stand-alone instruction. Newcastle continues assessing the impact of this curriculum-integrated IL approach.
The document summarizes new collaborations formed by the University of Notre Dame College of Science. It discusses partnerships with MD Anderson Cancer Center and Loyola University to provide research opportunities for Notre Dame students in cancer research. It also describes the formation of new relationships in Silicon Valley as part of Notre Dame's California Initiative to provide career and research opportunities for students and identify partners to help commercialize Notre Dame's research.
A National Science Fair Exhibiting Support For The Knowledge EconomyJoe Andelija
This document summarizes a research article about a national science fair. The researchers analyzed data from successive versions of the science fair to understand how it functions within the school and broader societal context. Their analysis suggests the science fair serves to support the "knowledge economy" by benefiting those who control knowledge production and distribution, but it may not benefit all students equally. Specifically, the researchers found participation in the fair favors students from advantaged, resource-rich backgrounds, though these students do benefit from the experience. However, the science fair also benefits its sponsors who can use it for promotional purposes.
Bruce Alberts discusses his work in science education over the past 20 years and his inspiration from M.S. Swaminathan. He created the National Academies' recipe for effective education research called SERP, which proposed "Field Sites" where researchers, teachers and designers work together to improve how students learn. More recently, he has focused on embedding community activity into schools, citing examples from Colombia and free science curricula created by the IAP to empower youth to use science for social good in their communities. His vision is for an education system that provides school credit for community work, utilizes volunteer talents, and produces adults who can build a more sustainable world.
This document summarizes Re-Imagine Science's efforts to transform how science is done in the US through applying theories like Theory U and the Cynefin Framework. It discusses workshops and events held from 2010-2019 on topics like the individual in systems, cooperativity, complexity theory, and the science of team science. It also introduces the staff and advisors of Re-Imagine Science, whose backgrounds span academia, government, non-profits, and industry. The document advocates for a value-driven science focused on inclusion and sustainability through cross-sector collaboration and long-term teaming.
This document discusses the importance of science communication and improving science education globally. It describes the speaker's experiences in India seeing how science was used to improve livelihoods through organizations like MSSRF. This influenced the speaker's views on the role of science in society. The document advocates for creating a "scientific temper" worldwide through new forms of science education that teach scientific inquiry and problem-solving from a young age. It presents examples of hands-on science lessons for young students and discusses reforming college science education. The goal is to provide all adults with an understanding of the scientific process and ability to use evidence-based reasoning in their lives. International collaboration between science academies is presented as a promising way to strengthen science education.
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Addressing the falling interest in school science in rural and remote areas u...James Cook University
Anderson, N., Courtney,L., Zee, R., & Hajhashemi, K. (2014). Addressing the falling interest in school science in rural and remote areas using experiments and science fairs. World Applied Science Journal (WASJ). 30(12), 1839-1851.
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The University of Wisconsin Board of Regents met at UW-Eau Claire where Chancellor Levin-Stankevich spoke about the university's accomplishments and research being done by students and faculty to transform the future of UW-Eau Claire. Examples presented included research on increasing diversity in opera, making the campus more carbon neutral, and studying changes in participants from the Civil Rights Pilgrimage. The student and faculty research was said to help make UW-Eau Claire unique and exemplify the core values of the UW System in providing a transformative educational experience.
Illinois Mathematics & Science Academy (IMSA) graduate Ziang Wang is a member of The National Society of High School Scholars and a 2015 recipient of the NSHSS Foundation's annual Earth Day Award. In this Q&A, Ziang discusses his project on green roofs and pollution problems in China.
The ReFlexus program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison aims to refocus the college experience around flexibility, self-discovery, and career application. It proposes restructuring the current major system into spheres of interest to allow more cross-disciplinary learning. Students would choose a double major and focuses within their interests rather than being restricted to individual departments. This more flexible model is intended to produce well-rounded, self-directed graduates prepared for an evolving world. It also better aligns with the Wisconsin Idea of applying knowledge to benefit society.
The document discusses the Nuffield science teaching project and Science-A Process Approach (SAPA) program. The Nuffield project sought to modernize science education for students ages 5 to 18 through new courses. SAPA was evaluated to assess curriculum change, with hypotheses that students in the SAPA program would have a better understanding of science processes and improved attitudes compared to a traditional program. Measures supported that SAPA improved student process skills and teacher understanding of science processes.
Students discovering the beauty of doing research — long before graduate scho...ssuseree9905
- Two Florida State University graduate students, Brittany Kraft and Emily Williams, observe two aggressively fighting male mosquitofish in a tank to study how genetics may determine aggression.
- Undergraduate research is thriving at FSU across many disciplines, with over 3,000 undergraduates involved annually in research projects, theses, and creative works.
- The inaugural issue of The Owl, FSU's first undergraduate research journal, was published in 2011 to highlight this research through papers on topics from artificial intelligence to religion.
The Nuffield Science Teaching Project sought to modernize science education for students ages 5 to 18 through new courses in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and junior science. It emphasized hands-on practical work and teaching science as an inquiry process. The Science-A Process Approach (SAPA) program similarly focused on developing students' understanding of science processes over memorization of facts. An evaluation of SAPA found it improved students' skills in cognitive science processes and teachers' understanding of science processes, though had no impact on students' content knowledge.
- Myles Robinson graduated from Kennesaw State University with a chemistry degree and was inspired by his mother's career as a nurse to enter the medical field.
- While in school, he gained clinical experience working as a certified nursing assistant and assisting a KSU professor with laboratory research.
- Robinson was accepted to the University of Chicago's highly competitive Pritzker School of Medicine program and was awarded a $200,000 scholarship after posting exceptional scores on his Medical College Admission Test.
This document summarizes an article about high school science internship programs that place students directly in university and private research labs during the summer. It discusses how the hands-on research experience inspires students about science careers and shows them that science is not just memorizing facts, but involves real-world problem solving and an embrace of failure. The internships benefit both students and researchers. Students gain job experience and inspiration, while researchers benefit from the extra help on their projects. The article profiles several students and their research at Stanford, UC Santa Cruz, and other local institutions. It also discusses the growing demand for STEM careers and efforts to expand access to internships.
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Juan A. Moliner González
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Resultados: Los docentes se han visto sobrecargados por el trabajo en confinamiento, en general el tiempo de trabajo ha tomado las casas, los espacios familiares, el tiempo libre y los fines de semana. Las profesionales entrevistadas se ven obligadas a una conexión permanente, sin limitación horaria y con horarios condicionados por las familias del alumnado. Se distinguen dos períodos bien diferenciados, en que los objetivos pasaron de ser emocionales a académicos. Como problemática general surge la falta de coordinación dentro los centros educativos.
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Fuente de datos: Entrevistas
Autores: Melani Penna Tosso, Mercedes Sánchez Sáinz y Cristina Mateos Casado
Año: 2020
Institución: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
País al que refiere el análisis: España
Tipo de publicación: Revista arbitrada
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
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Transformation Is Possible If a University Really Cares. Jefrey Mervis
1. 19 APRIL 2013 VOL 340 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org292
CREDIT:CASEYA.CASS/UNIVERSITYOFCOLORADO
The way that most research universities
across North America teach science to
undergraduates is worse than ineffective,
says Carl Wieman. It’s unscientific.
A Nobel Prize–winning physicist turned
science educator, Wieman doesn’t under-
stand why institutions of higher education
would disregard decades of research show-
ing the superiority of student-centered,
active learning over the traditional 50-minute
lecture. Using that outdated approach, he
says, means universities are squandering
talent at a time when U.S. higher educa-
tion is being criticized for not turning out
enough science-savvy graduates to keep the
country competitive.
Wieman has spent the past 15 years
applying the science of learning to how
undergraduate science courses are taught.
First at the University of Colorado, Boul-
der, (colorado.edu/sei) and, more recently, at
the University of British Columbia (UBC),
Vancouver, in Canada (cwsei.ubc.ca),
Wieman and his colleagues have made
impressive strides in changing how individ-
ual faculty members teach. Those changes,
within individual courses, have translated
into big improvements in student learning.
Those courses are offered by academic
departments, which are his real target.
Departments define the reward structure
Transformation Is Possible
If a University Really Cares
The same attention to scientific detail that led to his Nobel Prize is helping
Carl Wieman improve how undergraduates learn science
GRAND CHALLENGE: UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING
Published by AAAS
onApril19,2013www.sciencemag.orgDownloadedfrom
2. www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 340 19 APRIL 2013 293
SPECIALSECTION
for faculty members through their authority
to hire, promote, and grant tenure, he says.
So the best way to sustain improvements in
teaching and learning is to get departments
to buy into the need to change the courses
that they offer. And that’s begun to happen
at UBC, one of Canada’s elite universities.
Wieman’s passion for the subject, com-
bined with his stature as a Nobelist, has
focused national attention on the high attri-
tionrateamongstudentswhodeclareaninter-
est in earning a degree in a STEM (science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics)
field. It’s one of the biggest impediments to
any effort to train more scientists and engi-
neers. “I think Carl, more than anybody else,
put a spotlight on the need to improve under-
graduate education,” says Subra Suresh,
who last month stepped down as director of
the National Science Foundation (NSF). “It
wasn’t a surprise to universities, but his work
has highlighted the problem.”
Colleagues also laud Wieman’s rigorous
approach to reform. “I have an incredible
amount of respect for his deep commitment
to the evidence,” says Susan Singer, head
of undergraduate education at NSF and a
national leader in reforming undergraduate
biology education. “Carl is someone who
digs in and really wants to know.”
Notwithstanding his success at Colo-
rado and UBC, Wieman has made much
less progress toward another of his goals:
overturning an academic culture that val-
ues research over teaching. Working in the
White House Office of Science and Tech-
nology Policy (OSTP) as associate director
for science, Wieman was the de facto sci-
ence education czar for the Obama adminis-
tration. But his 20 months on the job taught
him just how hard it is to change prevailing
attitudes within U.S. higher education.
While at OSTP, Wieman floated the
idea of requiring universities to collect and
disseminate information on their teach-
ing practices to remain eligible for federal
research dollars. The policy would be a
stick to get universities to pay more atten-
tion to teaching, he reasoned.
“There’s an entire industry
devoted to measuring how impor-
tant my research is, with impact
factors of papers and so on,”
Wieman says. “Yet, we don’t even
collect data on how I am teach-
ing. It receives no attention. … If
everything about teaching remains hidden,
then universities can avoid having to devote
anything more than minimal effort to doing
it well. They can instead spend most of their
time and money on research.”
Wieman pushed the idea at numerous
meetings with other government science
officials and academic leaders. But they
recoiled in horror at the prospect of what
they viewed as another unfunded federal
mandate. They prefer a 5-year effort begun
last year by the 62-member Association
of American Universities that aims to cre-
ate a voluntary “framework” for improv-
ing teaching practices that institutions can
adapt to their own situation and implement
at their own pace.
“I’m very supportive of improving under-
graduate STEM teaching,” says Francis
Collins, director of the National Institutes
of Health (NIH), which spends more money
on academic research than any other federal
agency. “But this struck people as the wrong
pathway by which to achieve the desired out-
come, and not very fair.”
As if taking on the nation’s research
establishment wasn’t enough of a chal-
lenge, last June, Wieman received a sudden
diagnosis of multiple myeloma. To deal
with this health crisis, he abruptly resigned
from his White House post and enrolled in a
clinical trial at NIH using two experimental
drugs. That treatment ended in January, and
the 62-year-old Wieman says he’s “happy
and healthy.”
Wieman, who is leaving UBC
but declined to say where he’s
going, has returned to the lec-
ture circuit with an updated ver-
sion of his standard talk, entitled
“Taking a Scientific Approach
to Science and Engineering
Education.” He’s definitely not
cowed by the prospect of taking a long, hard
road toward his goal. In fact, his personal
metric for any reform worth attempting is
its ability “to generate significant opposi-
Onlinesciencemag.org
Podcast interview
with author Jeffrey
Mervis (http://scim.ag/
pod_6130).
“There’s an entire industry devoted
to measuring how important my research is,
with impact factors of papers and so on.
Yet, we don’t even collect data
on how I am teaching.
”
—Carl Wieman
Engaged instruction. Carl Wieman uses
active learning tools to teach an undergraduate
course at the University of Colorado in 2001.
Published by AAAS
onApril19,2013www.sciencemag.orgDownloadedfrom
3. 19 APRIL 2013 VOL 340 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org294
tion.” Speaking at a session of the February
annual meeting of AAAS (which publishes
Science) in Boston, Wieman said that trans-
forming undergraduate teaching “passes
that litmus test.”
Giving reform a chance
Wieman’s personality and upbringing
seem well-suited to a grand challenge like
remaking undergraduate science education.
Before deciding on a scientific career, he
embraced a succession of passions, includ-
ing chess and tennis, which for a time were
all-consuming. “Monomaniacal pretty
much describes me,” Wieman confessed
during a 2007 interview with the Nobel
committee. “My view of everything is that
you become good at something by focus-
ing and working hard at it.” Eventually, he
recalls, “science [became] such an activity.”
That doggedness served him well in pur-
suing his Nobel Prize–winning research.
In 1925, Albert Einstein, building on the
work of Indian physicist Satyendra Nath
Bose, deduced that cooling a gas of cer-
tain atoms should make all the atoms sud-
denly flop into the same lowest energy
quantum wave. Such a macroscopic mat-
ter wave is known as a Bose-Einstein con-
densate. Some 70 years later, Wieman and
Eric Cornell of JILA, a lab run jointly by the
National Institute of Standards and Technol-
ogy and the University of Colorado, Boul-
der, achieved one by employing magnets and
lasers to cool rubidium-87 atoms to within a
millionth of a degree of absolute zero. In
2001, the two physicists shared the Nobel
Prize in physics with Wolfgang Ketterle of
the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
in Cambridge, who achieved a similar result
with sodium-23 atoms.
Wieman and Cornell at least had the
advantage of knowing what a Bose-Einstein
condensate would look like before they cre-
ated one. In contrast, many faculty members
might not recognize high-quality, student-
centered learning because they may never
have experienced it. Wieman admits that
many notable scientists have thrived on a
diet of traditional teaching practices and that
the current rewards system at most univer-
sities gives faculty members little reason to
try something different.
“I’m certainly not one to dismiss the
importance of research,”Wieman says. “But
people need to recognize how totally domi-
nant the reward system is. There are a lot of
faculty who feel, completely appropriately,
that ‘I could spend more time improving my
teaching, but that’s not what I’m supposed
to be doing.’So you have to figure out a way
for them to be able to improve their teach-
ing without making a big sacrifice in their
research activities.”
Wieman embarked on his quest to
improve undergraduate education after
pondering his own career as a professor and
educator. And like the scientist that he is, he
began by asking himself some basic ques-
tions. Why, he wondered, did students in his
introductory courses do so poorly, and even
regress, after he delivered lectures covering
what they needed to know? Why couldn’t
he identify at the outset which graduate stu-
dents were most likely to succeed?And why
did most of them become productive scien-
tists after a few years in his lab?
Digging into the literature on teaching
and learning yielded some insights. His
graduate students had learned to think like
scientists, he realized, by doing real science
under the supervision of a world-class sci-
entist. Developing expertise, he came to
understand, is a slow and arduous process
marked by repeated failures.
“The apprentice model works pretty
well in graduate school because the fac-
ulty member can see if the student is learn-
ing how to build a laser system, or write a
paper, or give a professional talk,” says Uni-
versity of Colorado, Boulder, physicist and
education researcher Noah Finkelstein, who
has worked closely with Wieman and now
directs the university’s newly formed Cen-
ter for STEM Learning. “Those are things
we actually want them to do. We give them
feedback along the way, and we take in
feedback from them and adjust our mentor-
ing. But that system is just too costly at the
undergraduate level.”
Instead, faculty members must interact
with hundreds of students in a large hall.
Most choose to do that via a lecture. But
research has shown that most students cling
to their misconceptions even after sitting
through a brilliant lecture.
What works better than lectures and
homework problems, according to numer-
ous studies, is having students work in small
teams with instructors who can help them
apply those basic concepts to real-life sit-
uations. But what’s the best way to imple-
ment active, student-centered learning? The
answer, Wieman decided, lay in melding it
with the concept of deliberate practice.
That idea, developed by psychologist
K. Anders Ericsson of Florida State Uni-
versity in Tallahassee, treats the brain as a
muscle that must be exercised to perform
at its peak. It’s how a novice becomes an
expert, whether in music, sports, or science.
“We have learned that complex expertise is
a matter not of filling up an existing brain
with knowledge, but of brain development,”
Wieman says.
Deliberate practice, Wieman wrote in
the fall 2012 issue of Issues in Science and
Technology, “involves the learner solving a
set of tasks or problems that are challeng-
ing but doable and that involve explicitly
practicing the appropriate expert thinking
and performance.” The teacher, or coach,
offers appropriate incentives to encourage
students to master the necessary skills, as
well as continuous feedback to help them
remain on task. As with any sport, he notes,
“[t]housands of hours of deliberate practice
are typically required to reach an elite level
of performance.”
The two concepts created an intellec-
tual framework around which to transform
undergraduate science. “Just as we have
physics principles, here are the principles
that work, and they are consistent with what
others had done,” Wieman says. “It also
allows you to go into disciplines where there
hadn’t been much work done, like oceanog-
raphy, and make some generalizations. It’s
very much like science itself.”
In a 2011 paper in Science, Wieman
and his colleagues describe the power of
active learning and deliberate practice.
The instructor for one section of an intro-
ductory physics class for engineers at
UBC used these principles, while the other
instructor delivered the normal lectures.
The first group of students scored more than
twice as high on a multiple-choice test of
the material covered than did those in the
control group.
“I know that Carl is skeptical
universities will do it on
their own. But I have yet
to be convinced that
they won’t.
”
—Francis Collins, NIH director
Published by AAAS
onApril19,2013www.sciencemag.orgDownloadedfrom
4. www.sciencemag.org SCIENCE VOL 340 19 APRIL 2013 295
SPECIALSECTION
“The results were so dramatic from this
relatively modest experiment that the entire
[physics] department had an epiphany,”
remarks Simon Peacock, UBC’s dean of sci-
ences. “It sent them a clear message: Wow,
we can actually teach better.”
Wieman says that active learning and
deliberate practice is now the norm in
99 UBC courses enrolling 31,200 students.
Many are introductory courses taken by
freshmen and sophomores who are still
uncertain of their major field of study. “We
have substantially changed more than half
of the math and science courses a UBC
student in the college of science will take
in their first 2 years,” Wieman says, citing
results from a recent survey of how faculty
members have changed their teaching prac-
tices since the Carl Wieman Science Educa-
tion Initiative was launched in 2007.
“We’ve hit it out of the park with earth
and ocean sciences,” one of seven depart-
ments that are part of the university-funded
initiative, Peacock says. “I will declare them
to be a success.”
Wieman believes that deliberate practice
can also help students in primary and sec-
ondary school who, for whatever reason, are
ill-prepared for success in STEM subjects.
His efforts have helped resolve “a huge con-
troversy,” says NSF’s Singer, over whether
the vast majority of students are capable of
doing high-level math and science.
“Having Carl stand up and say we
should stop doing STEM talent selec-
tion and start doing STEM talent develop-
ment completely changes the nature of the
conversation,” says Singer, on leave from
her post as a biology professor at Carleton
College in Northfield, Minnesota. “It’s
really a question of how you structure the
learning environment. And his work has
shown that active learning strategies are
more effective.”
From my way to the right way
What does it take to transform an under-
graduate science course? Wieman’s approach
relies heavily on a cadre of science teaching
and learning fellows, who are typically post-
docs. At its height, the Colorado initiative
employed a dozen such fellows; at UBC, the
number peaked at nearly two dozen.
The fellows are trained in the many
steps needed to transform a university lec-
ture course—steps that faculty members are
unlikely to take on their own, either out of
ignorance or because they simply don’t have
the time to do what’s needed. Katherine
Perkins, who directs both the science edu-
cation initiative at Colorado and the related
PhET project (phet.colorado.edu), which
has created thousands of research-based
simulations of physical phenomena, calls
the teaching and learning fellows “engines
of change.”
Meeting for the first time with a faculty
member, a fellow might start by asking what
the faculty member wants students to know
how to do at the end of the course. That’s a
more useful metric than asking what a stu-
dent “should understand,” explains Beth
Simon, director of the Center for Teaching
Development at the University of Califor-
nia, San Diego, who spent the 2007 to 2008
academic year at UBC as a fellow in the
computer science department before return-
ing to UCSD.
Once the faculty member articulates the
real goals of the course, those skills are con-
verted into learning objectives. The next
step is to write up multiple-choice ques-
tions aimed at helping students achieve
each learning objective. The so-called
clicker questions (the name comes from the
electronic device that students use to record
their answers) usually focus on common
student misconceptions about the concepts.
The questions become the basic curricu-
lum for the course. But getting from skills
to clicker questions can be difficult. Simon
figured that the final exam would provide a
useful guide to what students were expected
to learn. Instead, instructors would admit
that they didn’t really know what concepts
some test questions were meant to measure,
she says, and that other questions covered
concepts not central to the course.
Most courses come with only a three- or
four-sentence description in the syllabus.
That brevity gives whoever is teaching the
course a lot of leeway. Some faculty mem-
bers have been teaching the same course for
years, Simon says, and for them, “learning
outcomes were a nonstarter. ‘I teach 101
my way,’ they would say.” In contrast, some
courses are “owned” by the department
and a consensus exists on what students
are expected to know regardless of who is
teaching the course.
A transformed course typically begins
not with a lecture but with a clicker
question. Students gather in small groups
to discuss it, and a fellow assigned to the
course circulates through the classroom to
guide the inquiry process. Once the students
have punched in their answers, the faculty
member might offer a microlecture aimed
at correcting their mistakes and filling in
gaps in their knowledge. Once the con-
cept is clear, the class moves on to the next
clicker question.
Students taking transformed courses are
usually more active than in a typical lec-
ture class. Faculty members need to remind
students regularly why they will not be
lecturing, Simon says, as well as explain
the importance of peer instruction. To get
the most from the class time, students are
assigned outside reading and turn in home-
work that measures their understanding of
the material.
Some students are uncomfortable with
this approach—even if it’s more effective.
“I remember getting an evaluation from one
[UCSD] student who had just finished my
course,” says Simon, a pioneer in the use of
peer instruction within her field. “I loved
it. It read, ‘I just wish she’d have lectured.
Instead, I had to learn the material myself.’”
The increased student engagement in a
transformed course is music to the ears of
the average faculty member. “Most fac-
ulty want their students to learn more,” says
Perkins, whom Wieman hired in 2003 as
one of the initiative’s first teaching fellows.
“They look at the final exam, sigh, and say,
‘Why did only 60% get that question right?’
” Simon adds, “If they can have more fun,
they will choose to use these methods.”
A department should plan on spend-
ing about 5% of its budget for 5 years to
transform its courses, Wieman says. Lesser
“Having Carl stand up and say we should stop doing STEM
talent selection and start doing STEM talent development
completely changes the nature of the conversation.
”
—Susan Singer, head of NSF undergraduate education
Published by AAAS
onApril19,2013www.sciencemag.orgDownloadedfrom
5. 19 APRIL 2013 VOL 340 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org296
amounts are required to sustain progress, he
adds, although new faculty members must
be trained and existing faculty members
need ongoing support and, occasionally, a
sympathetic ear. At Colorado, for example,
departments competed for grants of roughly
$600,000 to $800,000 each. UBC’s $10 mil-
lion commitment to the initiative allowed
Wieman to double the size of departmental
awards, and a more recent $2 million dona-
tion from David Cheriton, a professor of
computer science at Stanford University,
is fueling reform within the math and com-
puter science department.
Wieman’s campaign to transform
departments isn’t the only game in town.
Finkelstein’s new center at Colorado, funded
by an NSF planning grant, is supposed to
serve as a focal point for some 75 STEM-
related activities on campus.And Colorado’s
Perkins hopes that NSF will put up several
million dollars for a Web site to help faculty
members use the PhET simulations that she
and others have created and to study their
impact on teaching and learning.
But money remains tight. Wieman says
he can’t afford to conduct the rigorous,
outside assessments that normally accom-
pany NSF-funded reforms because he feels
that institutional funds should redound
to the benefit of the institution. However,
the dearth of peer-reviewed publications
has led some scientists to question what
Wieman’s Colorado and UBC initiatives
have accomplished.
“When people ask what we’ve done,”
Finkelstein says, “and I say we’ve shifted
institutional identity and culture, half the
time their response is, ‘Wow, that’s terrific.’
But the other half say, ‘So all you’ve done
is talk?’ ”
Wieman himself offers a frank answer
when asked whether he expects the UBC
reforms to stick. “That’s why you do
research,” he says. “This was a one-time
intervention. And people have a right to
wonder what will happen next.
“I’m more optimistic than I was a year
ago,” he adds, “because people who we
thought weren’t interested are now saying,
‘Look, I made this change and I’m think-
ing of doing more.’ But I won’t give you
good odds that they will still be doing it in
10 years.”
Carrot or stick?
In 2010, Wieman decided to come to
Washington for the chance to influence
undergraduate science education on a
national scale. “My top priority at OSTP
was to improve undergraduate education,”
he says. “We know what to do that will help
students learn more and be more successful
and how to get a broader group of students
doing it.”
While there, Wieman came up with his
simple, market-driven first step: Require
universities to compile and release data on
their teaching methods as a condition for
receiving federal research funds. As stu-
dents began using the data released by uni-
versities to help choose a college, he rea-
soned, universities would feel compelled
to improve their teaching practices in order
to attract the best applicants. “If an agency
were to require every grantee to provide this
information,” he says, “then the next year
teaching would look completely different
because somebody is looking at it.”
Wieman promoted the idea tirelessly in
meetings with his government colleagues
as well as the presidents of several leading
research universities, seeing it as a painless
way to propel reform. But they pushed back
hard. It’s hard to define particular teaching
practices, they told Wieman. Self-reported
data are unreliable, they added, and col-
lecting such data would be a burden. Last
April, the presidents of several prominent
universities even wrote a letter to then–
White House Chief of Staff Jacob Lew in
an attempt to head off Wieman’s proposal.
A few months later, Wieman was gone.
But he hasn’t changed his mind one iota,
and he says that none of the community’s
objections are valid.
For starters, he says, colleagues at UBC
and Colorado have created a question-
naire that collects such data and requires
only a few hours of effort by an entire
department—“a tiny amount compared to
what is spent in a single faculty meeting,”
he snickers. Universities have no incentive
to game the system, he adds, because stu-
dents would soon expose any institution
that had submitted bogus information. And
he scoffs at the idea that tracking a funda-
mental purpose of a university could be
regarded as a “burden.”
Part of their objections, he speculates,
is that the data could prove embarrassing.
“Educational transparency is a threat to
their status,” he argues. “Maybe it won’t
make them look so good.”
NIH’s Collins says that’s not the reason
he prefers a voluntary approach. “I know
that Carl is skeptical universities will do it
on their own,” he says. “But I have yet to
be convinced that they won’t. I don’t know
that all universities will want to participate.
But I think there will be some who would
say, ‘Yeah, we believe in this. It’s the right
thing to do.’ ”
Government officials and university lead-
ers typically defend the value of federally
funded research by citing its role as an engine
of economic growth. In the case of biomed-
ical research, they also note its potential to
save lives. But Wieman doesn’t think those
arguments really address the growing clamor
from the public and politicians for universi-
ties to show that an undergraduate education
is worth the rising cost of tuition. That skep-
ticism, he says, has also fueled a decadelong
assault by many state legislatures on their
flagship public universities.
A more effective response, Wieman
says, would be for university presidents to
emphasize how research can lead to better
teaching. “I think the solution is to show
that you can really use that research exper-
tise to improve education,” he says. “Delib-
erate practice and other approaches is call-
ing on, and demanding of, the research
expertise embodied by that faculty.”
“If you pitch that message,” he con-
tinues, “then suddenly it becomes clear
how having a great research university
translates into better education for stu-
dents in my state. Right now it’s not worth
the investment, because it’s not happening.
But it could.”
–JEFFREY MERVIS
“There are a lot of faculty who feel, completely
appropriately, that ‘I could spend more time improving my
teaching, but that’s not what I’m supposed to be doing.’”
—Carl Wieman
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