The document summarizes key concepts about the World Wide Web (WWW) and HTTP protocol. It defines a protocol as a standard procedure for communication and notes that HTTP is the application layer protocol that underlies data transfer for the web. It then provides details on how HTTP works, including that requests and responses have request/response lines and headers, and discusses advantages like platform independence and limitations like lack of security. It also introduces HTTPS and how SSL addresses HTTP's security concerns through encryption.

1. Active Learning Assignment
Prepared by
Bhargav Shah (160110116045), Hardik Sapariya (160110116044),
Harsh Prajapati (160110116040)
Topic : WWW AND HTTP
Computer Networks (2140709)
2nd
Year B.E. (Information Technology) A.Y. 2017-18 Semester 2
G H Patel College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Information Technology
Date: 9th
Mar, 2018 Batch: 1C16Group No : C6

2. WHAT IS PROTOCOL AND HTTP?
Protocol :- A protocol is a standard procedure for defining and
regulating communication. For example – TCP, UDP, HTTP,etc.
HTTP is the foundation for data communication for the world wide
web.
The HTTP is the Web’s application layer protocol for transferring
various forms of data between server and client like
plaintext,hypertext, image, videos and sounds

3. HOW HTTP WORKS?
HTTP Server is implemented by Apache HTTP
Server · Microsoft IIS · Jigsaw · Zope etc.
Each client-server transaction, whether a
request or a response, consists of three main
parts
A response or request line


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5. Advantages of HTTP
Platform independent- Allows Straight cross platform
porting.
No Runtime support required to run properly.
Usable over Firewalls! Global applications possible.
Not Connection Oriented- No network overhead to

6. HTTP Limitations
Security Concerns
Privacy
Anyone can see content
Integrity
Someone might alter content. HTTP is insecure since no
encryption methods are used.
Hence is subject to the man in middle and eavesdropping of
sensitive information.
Authentication

7. HTTPS
HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol over
Secure Socket Layer, or HTTP over SSL.
SSL acts like a sub layer under regular HTTP application
layering.
HTTPS encrypts an HTTP message prior to transmission
and decrypts a message upon arrival.

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9. HTTPS
HTTPS by default uses port 443 as opposed to the standard HTTP
port of 80.
URL's beginning with HTTPS indicate that the connection between
client and browser is encrypted using SSL
e.g.: https://login.yahoo.com/config/login_verify2?&.src=ym
SSL transactions are negotiated by means of a key based
encryption algorithm between the client and the server, this key is

10. HTTPS
Ability to connect to server via HTTP secure
consists of:
Generating key
Generating certificate signing request
Generating self signed certificate
Certificate Authority signed certificate


11. How SSL Overcomes HTTP Security Concerns?
Secure Sockets Layer technology protects your Web site and makes it easy for your
Web site visitors to trust you in three essential ways:
Privacy
An SSL Certificate enables encryption of sensitive information during online
transactions.
Integrity.
A Certificate Authority verifies the identity of the certificate owner when it is
issued.

12. Limitations of HTTPS
An HTTPS server can only provide one "virtual host" behind a single socket, as
opposed to multiple ones behind an http socket.
This is because all security negotiation takes place before the HTTP protocol
starts & hence before the server knows which URL the client is asking for.
HTTPS cannot prevent stealing confidential information from the pages
cached on the browser.
Since in SSL data is encrypted only during transmission on the network, it is in
clear text in the browser memory
HTTPS is slightly slower than HTTP.

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14. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)
The World Wide Web (www) is a huge collection of documents
called web pages written in HTML ( Hyper Text Mark-up
Language ). These pages are linked to each other by
hyperlink. When a hyperlink takes you to a picture or video , it
is known as hypermedia .
The World Wide Web was conceived in 1990 at CERN
Switzerland , at the European Laboratory for Particles Physics
by a young scientist Tim Berners Lee . The World Wide Web is

15. WEB BROWSERS
A web browser can read web pages written is Hyper Text
Mark-up Language ( HTML ). Browsing is using browser
software to visit different websites on the World Wide
Web . Browsers give you access to the millions of web
pages on the World Wide Web.

16. URL
Every websites on the Internet has a unique
address known as its Uniform Resource
Locator (URL).
Given below are some URL of websites:-
www.facebook.com

17. ADDRESS BAR
All web browsers heave an address bar . These is where
we type the URL ( Uniform Resource Locator) or the
address of the website we want to visit .
When you enter the URL in the browser’s address bar , it
causes the Home Page of the site to appear in your
browser. The Home page of the website will have link to
other pages of the site.

18. WEB 2.0
WEB 2.0 is the term given to describe a second
generation of the world wide web which allow
people to collaborate and share information online.
One see the transition from static HTML .
WEB 2.0 provides a number of online tools and
platforms which are now defining how people share
there perspectives , opinions , thoughts and

19. Examples of WEB 2.0 sites are follows:-
Social networking sites like Facebook.com , twitter.com ,
Instagram.com
Music and videos sites like Youtube.com , Saavn.com
Image Sites like Flickr.com, imagesbazaar.com
Blogger sites like blogger.com, Wordpress.com

20. References :-
Wikipedia
Google
Computer Networks - A Top – Down Approach by Kuroes
and Ross

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