Write 2 to 3 paragraphs aboutONE DDoS attack that occurred in 2016.pdf
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Write 2 to 3 paragraphs about ONE DDoS attack that occurred in 2016. 1-What techniques were used to launch the attack? 2- Who was the victim? 3-What was the vulnerability in the victim that led to the success of this attack? 4-What are some of the remedial measures, if any, that have been taken after the attack? Solution DDOS: As you may known that DDOS is distribute denial of service which is a kind of DOS . In a DDOS attack the victims use both the targeted end system and the all the system which are being used and controlled by the hacker in this attack. DDOS attack in 2016: One of the DDOS attack that took place in 2016 is the Dyn cyber attack which took place on october 21.This involved multiple DDOS aatacks which targets the DNS(Domainn Name System)provider Dyn. This attacK caused many internet platforms and services unavailable to the users of Europe and North America. Victim of this attack: New world Hackers and the group anonymous claimed the responsibility for the Dyn cyber attack. Techniques used: Dyn DNS provider is providing the service of mapping an internet domain name to the end users.when the Dyn provider entered into the web browser they noticed the DDOS attack which has been accomplished through large number of DNS request. The attack has been executed through the botnet which consist of large number of internet connected devices and that has been infected through Mirai malware. vulnerability: The vulnerability in the victim is the Mirai botnet with an estimated throughput of 1.2 terabits per second.According to experts this is the largest DDOS attack. This attack has been coordinated through internet of things(IOT)..
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Write 4 to 5 paragraphs aboutthe Dyn cyber attack that occurred in.pdf
Write 4 to 5 paragraphs about
the Dyn cyber attack that occurred in 2016.
1-What techniques were used to launch the attack?
2- Who was the victim?
3-What was the vulnerability in the victim that led to the success of this attack?
4-What are some of the remedial measures, if any, that have been taken after the attack?
Solution
Dyn Cyber Attack occurred on October 21, 2016. It was a series of distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attacks against Dyn DNS impacted the availability of a number of sites concentrated in
the Northeast US and, later, other areas of the country using maliciously targeted, masked TCP
and UDP traffic over port 53.The attacks struck Twitter, Paypal, Spotify and other customers of
an infrastructure company in New Hampshire called Dyn, which acts as a switchboard for
internet traffic.
\"Internet Of Things (IOT)\" techniques were used to launch the attack. One of the sources of the
attack is coming from devices known as the \"Internet of Things\" devices such as DVRs,
Printers, and appliances connected to the internet.
One portion of the attack was initiated by a Mirai Command and Control server. Mirai botnets
were previously used in the DDoS attacks earlier against the “Krebs on Security” blog and the
French internet service and hosting provider OVH. Mirai is one of two malware families that are
being used to get armies of zombies together and perform attacks on targets.
The botnet behind the Krebs attack used a particular malware code, known as Mirai, which scans
the internet looking for vulnerable IoT devices that have default settings. As in, you haven\'t
changed your username and password from admin. Attackers wrote a small piece of code,
deployed it and now all these internets of things devices, which most people just set up and
forget about, are actively participating in a DDoS attack. Criminals have used these attacks as a
means of extortion. These attack techniques are broadly available. Fully capable DDoS attack
tools are available for free download. Criminal groups offer DDoS services for hire. These
vulnerabilities in the victim that led to the success of this attack.
After the attack, observations of the TCP attack volume from a few of our data centers indicate
packet flow bursts 40 to 50 times higher than normal. This magnitude does not take into account
a significant portion of traffic that never reached Dyn due to our own mitigation efforts as well
as the mitigation of upstream providers..
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigations
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigations
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A SURVEY OF TRENDS IN MASSIVE DDOS ATTACKS AND CLOUD-BASED MITIGATIONS
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today have been amplified into gigabits volume with broadband Internet access; at the same time, the use of more powerful botnets and common DDoS mitigation and protection solutions implemented in small and large organizations’ networks and servers are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-depth study on the current largest DNS reflection attack with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have reviewed and analysed the current most popular DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivists. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation and protection techniques proposed by both academic researchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS service providers are discussed.
Computer Security Cyber Security DOS_DDOS Attacks By: Professor Lili Saghafi
DOS / DDOS introduction
How Easy it is to get information
Real Life Examples MyDoom , GitHub , Dyn , Windows Server and Windows 10 servers running Internet Information Services (IIS) are vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks
Base of Attacks
Types of DOS / DDOS
Attack Tools , LOIC, XOIC, Stacheldracht
DOS/DDOS Weaknesses
Category of OS/ DDOS
What to defend?
Botnets and Botnets mitigations
Michael Calce, a.k.a. MafiaBoy
Point of entrance / OSI Model ( If time permit)
Dos n d dos
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as an attack that seeks to oversaturate a targeted machine's capacity to disrupt authorized use, while a DDoS uses multiple compromised systems to flood the target. The document describes how DDoS attacks work by flooding the victim from many sources, making it hard to block. It lists common DoS attacks like buffer overflow and ICMP floods, and DDoS attack types like traffic floods and application attacks. The document also covers typical attacker motivations and recommendations to prevent attacks like buying more bandwidth and building redundancy.
An Ultimate Guide to DDos Attacks: Detection, Prevention and Mitigation
In this ultimate guide, you will learn everything about the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks including What are DDoS attacks, Types of DDos Attack, Major Causes, How to Detect DDoS Attacks, and How to Prevent/Mitigate a DDoS Attack and much more.
Denial of Service Attacks: The Complete Guide
Denial of service remains the most discussed topic on hacker forums. Hackers continue to develop tools to optimize this attack method. Why? DDoS attacks do not seek to breach data integrity or privacy. This report catalogs the latest denial of service trends, techniques, and technologies deployed by hackers and provides security professionals with specific steps to mitigate this threat.
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Write 4 to 5 paragraphs aboutthe Dyn cyber attack that occurred in.pdf
Write 4 to 5 paragraphs about
the Dyn cyber attack that occurred in 2016.
1-What techniques were used to launch the attack?
2- Who was the victim?
3-What was the vulnerability in the victim that led to the success of this attack?
4-What are some of the remedial measures, if any, that have been taken after the attack?
Solution
Dyn Cyber Attack occurred on October 21, 2016. It was a series of distributed denial-of-service
(DDoS) attacks against Dyn DNS impacted the availability of a number of sites concentrated in
the Northeast US and, later, other areas of the country using maliciously targeted, masked TCP
and UDP traffic over port 53.The attacks struck Twitter, Paypal, Spotify and other customers of
an infrastructure company in New Hampshire called Dyn, which acts as a switchboard for
internet traffic.
\"Internet Of Things (IOT)\" techniques were used to launch the attack. One of the sources of the
attack is coming from devices known as the \"Internet of Things\" devices such as DVRs,
Printers, and appliances connected to the internet.
One portion of the attack was initiated by a Mirai Command and Control server. Mirai botnets
were previously used in the DDoS attacks earlier against the “Krebs on Security” blog and the
French internet service and hosting provider OVH. Mirai is one of two malware families that are
being used to get armies of zombies together and perform attacks on targets.
The botnet behind the Krebs attack used a particular malware code, known as Mirai, which scans
the internet looking for vulnerable IoT devices that have default settings. As in, you haven\'t
changed your username and password from admin. Attackers wrote a small piece of code,
deployed it and now all these internets of things devices, which most people just set up and
forget about, are actively participating in a DDoS attack. Criminals have used these attacks as a
means of extortion. These attack techniques are broadly available. Fully capable DDoS attack
tools are available for free download. Criminal groups offer DDoS services for hire. These
vulnerabilities in the victim that led to the success of this attack.
After the attack, observations of the TCP attack volume from a few of our data centers indicate
packet flow bursts 40 to 50 times higher than normal. This magnitude does not take into account
a significant portion of traffic that never reached Dyn due to our own mitigation efforts as well
as the mitigation of upstream providers..
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigations
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A survey of trends in massive ddos attacks and cloud based mitigations
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today
have been amplified into gigabits volume with
broadband Internet access; at the same time, the us
e of more powerful botnets and common DDoS
mitigation and protection solutions implemented in
small and large organizations’ networks and servers
are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-
depth study on the current largest DNS reflection a
ttack
with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have re
viewed and analysed the current most popular
DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivi
sts. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation
and
protection techniques proposed by both academic res
earchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS
service providers are discussed
A SURVEY OF TRENDS IN MASSIVE DDOS ATTACKS AND CLOUD-BASED MITIGATIONS
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks today have been amplified into gigabits volume with broadband Internet access; at the same time, the use of more powerful botnets and common DDoS mitigation and protection solutions implemented in small and large organizations’ networks and servers are no longer effective. Our survey provides an in-depth study on the current largest DNS reflection attack with more than 300 Gbps on Spamhaus.org. We have reviewed and analysed the current most popular DDoS attack types that are launched by the hacktivists. Lastly, effective cloud-based DDoS mitigation and protection techniques proposed by both academic researchers and large commercial cloud-based DDoS service providers are discussed.
Computer Security Cyber Security DOS_DDOS Attacks By: Professor Lili Saghafi
DOS / DDOS introduction
How Easy it is to get information
Real Life Examples MyDoom , GitHub , Dyn , Windows Server and Windows 10 servers running Internet Information Services (IIS) are vulnerable to denial of service (DOS) attacks
Base of Attacks
Types of DOS / DDOS
Attack Tools , LOIC, XOIC, Stacheldracht
DOS/DDOS Weaknesses
Category of OS/ DDOS
What to defend?
Botnets and Botnets mitigations
Michael Calce, a.k.a. MafiaBoy
Point of entrance / OSI Model ( If time permit)
Dos n d dos
This document discusses denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It defines DoS as an attack that seeks to oversaturate a targeted machine's capacity to disrupt authorized use, while a DDoS uses multiple compromised systems to flood the target. The document describes how DDoS attacks work by flooding the victim from many sources, making it hard to block. It lists common DoS attacks like buffer overflow and ICMP floods, and DDoS attack types like traffic floods and application attacks. The document also covers typical attacker motivations and recommendations to prevent attacks like buying more bandwidth and building redundancy.
An Ultimate Guide to DDos Attacks: Detection, Prevention and Mitigation
In this ultimate guide, you will learn everything about the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks including What are DDoS attacks, Types of DDos Attack, Major Causes, How to Detect DDoS Attacks, and How to Prevent/Mitigate a DDoS Attack and much more.
Denial of Service Attacks: The Complete Guide
Denial of service remains the most discussed topic on hacker forums. Hackers continue to develop tools to optimize this attack method. Why? DDoS attacks do not seek to breach data integrity or privacy. This report catalogs the latest denial of service trends, techniques, and technologies deployed by hackers and provides security professionals with specific steps to mitigate this threat.
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rator and Wallarm 2016 State of Network Security report is dedicated to the main events and strong trends in the network security industry.
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- 81% of network attacks in the last 90 days used multiple vectors simultaneously, with over a third employing 3 or more vectors. This multi-vector approach allows attackers to bypass defenses.
- Large SYN floods combined with regular SYN floods ("SYN combo attacks") accounted for around 75% of large-scale network attacks above 20Gbps.
- NTP amplification attacks increased significantly in early 2014 and became the most common vector for large attacks in February 2014.
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Denial-of-service attacks—short but strong
DDoS amplification attacks continue to increase as attackers experiment with new protocols.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, as the name implies, attempt to deny a service to legitimate users by overwhelming the target with activity. The most common method is a network traffic flood DDoS attack against Web servers, where distributed means that multiple sources attack the same target at the same time. These attacks are often conducted through botnets.
Such DDoS attacks have grown larger year over year. In 2013, the largest attack volume peaked at 300 Gbps. So far in 2014, we have already seen one attack with up to 400 Gbps in attack volume. In recent times, DDoS attacks have become shorter in duration, often lasting only a few hours or even just minutes. According to Akamai, the average attack lasts 17 hours. These burst attacks can be devastating nonetheless, as most companies are affected by even a few hours of downtime and many business are not prepared. In addition to the reduced duration, the attacks are getting more sophisticated and varying the methods used, making them harder to mitigate.
In 2014, amplification and reflection attacks were still the most popular choice for the attacker. This method multiplies the attack traffic, making it easier for attackers to reach a high volume of above 100 Gbps even with a small botnet. From January to August 2014, DNS amplification attacks grew by 183 percent. The use of the network time protocol (NTP) amplification method has increased by a factor of 275 from January to July, but is now declining again. The use of compromised, high bandwidth servers with attack scripts has become a noticeable trend.
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The document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including how they work, common tools and methods used, and examples of recent large-scale DDoS attacks. It provides details on how botnets are used to overwhelm websites and infrastructure with malicious traffic. Specific DDoS attack types like UDP floods, SYN floods, and reflection attacks are outlined. Recent large attacks are described, such as those targeting bitcoin exchanges, social trading platforms, and Hong Kong voting sites ahead of a civil referendum.
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I034_I041_I052_DDOS Attacks_Presentation.pdf
The document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and methods to detect them. It describes DDoS attacks as attempts to make network resources unavailable by flooding them with traffic. The document then reviews literature on detection methods like packet marking and cumulative sum algorithms. It presents a methodology using packet sniffing and analysis to identify attack levels based on packet counts. Specifically, it generates DDoS attacks using LOIC and analyzes TCP SYN flood and UDP flood attacks to detect the length of attacks with over 99% accuracy. In conclusion, it emphasizes the challenge of identifying DDoS attacks and discusses using packet headers and contents to identify malicious traffic based on their behaviors.
TrendLabs 2012 Annual Security Roundup: Evolved Threats in a “Post-PC” World
In 2012, cybercriminals increasingly targeted mobile devices like Android smartphones and embraced new platforms beyond PCs. The number of Android malware grew explosively to over 350,000, mirroring the growth of the Android OS. Data breaches and targeted attacks continued at an alarming rate, with the cost of the Global Payments breach reaching $94 million. Cybercriminals also refined existing attack methods, with ransomware, automatic transfer systems, and the Blackhole Exploit Kit all becoming more sophisticated. While zero-day vulnerabilities still emerged, attackers also effectively exploited older vulnerabilities since many systems remained unpatched.
Explain why multiple processes cannot share data easilySolution.pdf
Explain why multiple processes cannot share data easily?
Solution
threads share C.P.U. and just one thread active (running) at a time.
threads among a processes, threads among a processes execute consecutive.
thread will produce youngsters.
if one thread is blocked, another thread will run
hreads don\'t seem to be freelance of 1 another.
all threads will access each address within the task .
thread square measure style to help one alternative. Note that processes would possibly or may
not assist each other as a result of processes could originate from completely different users
A method with multiple threads build a good server for instance printer server.
Because threads will share common information, they are doing not have to be compelled to use
interprocess communication.
Because of the terribly nature, threads will cash in of multiprocessors.
They solely want a stack and storage for registers thus, threads square measure low-cost to form.
Threads use little resources of associate degree software system during which they\'re operating.
That is, threads don\'t want new address house, international information, program code or
software system resources.
Context change square measure quick once operating with threads. the rationale is that we tend
to solely ought to save and/or restore computer, SP and registers
User-level threads doesn\'t need modification to operative systems.
Simple Representation:
every thread is depicted just by a computer, registers, stack and atiny low management block, all
hold on within the user method address house.
Simple Management:
This merely implies that making a thread, change between threads and synchronization between
threads will all be shunned intervention of the kernel.
Fast and Efficient: Thread change isn\'t way more overpriced than a procedure decision.
There is a scarcity of coordination between threads and software system kernel. Therefore,
method as whole gets just one occasion slice irrespect of whether or not method has one thread
or a thousand threads among. it\'s up to every thread to relinquish management to alternative
threads.
User-level threads needs non-blocking systems decision i.e., a multithreaded kernel. Otherwise,
entire method can blocked within the kernel, albeit there square measure runable threads left
within the processes. for instance, if one thread causes a page fault, the method blocks..
executive summary for law enforcement using dronesSolutionUse .pdf
executive summary for law enforcement using drones
Solution
Use of drones makes the job of law enforcement easier as it enables access to real time
surveillance. Drones helps the police force conduct aeriel surveilance and the video can be
viewed real time or at a later point in time. This is a very useful tool during the investigative
process. Drones can be equipped with thermal cameras so as to keep an eye on anti-social
elements.
However, law enforcement agencies will have to make sure that use of drones do not violate the
privacy of citizens..
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- Large SYN floods combined with regular SYN floods ("SYN combo attacks") accounted for around 75% of large-scale network attacks above 20Gbps.
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This document discusses DNS spoofing/poisoning attacks. It begins by explaining how DNS works, translating domain names to IP addresses. It then discusses different types of DNS attacks, focusing on DNS spoofing/poisoning. The document outlines how DNS spoofing occurs by tampering with DNS resolvers or using malicious DNS servers. It explains the goals of attackers, such as launching denial of service attacks or redirecting users to fake websites. The document also provides ways to exploit DNS spoofing through amplification attacks and discusses recommendations for preventing DNS spoofing, such as checking and flushing DNS settings on Windows systems.
Hacks R Us used 4 zero-days to infect Windows and Android devices
The hackers used 4 zero-day exploits targeting Windows and Android devices through compromised websites. The sophisticated group chained multiple exploits together efficiently to install malware. They used zero-days in Chrome and Windows, along with recently patched vulnerabilities, delivering payloads through watering-hole attacks to infect visitors to boobytrapped sites. The complex attack infrastructure, modular payloads, and logging/targeting techniques indicate a professional team was behind the well-engineered operation.
DDoS - Distributed Denial of Service
This document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. It begins with an introduction that defines denial of service (DoS) attacks and how DDoS attacks differ in employing multiple compromised computers to coordinate a widespread attack. It then provides examples of targets that can be affected and overviews how DDoS attacks work by flooding the victim with traffic from many sources. The document goes on to discuss specific DDoS attack types, defenses against attacks, and how attacks are practically handled through router filtering, black hole routing, and traffic diversion techniques.
A Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Approach Under DDoS Flood Attack
This paper proposes a dynamic bandwidth assignment approach to improve quality of service for genuine users during distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The approach divides network traffic into two categories - genuine and malicious - based on packet size and rate. Full bandwidth is assigned to genuine traffic while malicious traffic is assigned a limited bandwidth according to a new formula based on number of genuine users and traffic volumes. Simulations test the proposed approach against traditional drop tail queue under different attack intensities, showing the proposed approach better maintains bandwidth and quality of service for genuine users during attacks.
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: The Continued rise of DDoS Attacks
Denial-of-service attacks—short but strong
DDoS amplification attacks continue to increase as attackers experiment with new protocols.
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, as the name implies, attempt to deny a service to legitimate users by overwhelming the target with activity. The most common method is a network traffic flood DDoS attack against Web servers, where distributed means that multiple sources attack the same target at the same time. These attacks are often conducted through botnets.
Such DDoS attacks have grown larger year over year. In 2013, the largest attack volume peaked at 300 Gbps. So far in 2014, we have already seen one attack with up to 400 Gbps in attack volume. In recent times, DDoS attacks have become shorter in duration, often lasting only a few hours or even just minutes. According to Akamai, the average attack lasts 17 hours. These burst attacks can be devastating nonetheless, as most companies are affected by even a few hours of downtime and many business are not prepared. In addition to the reduced duration, the attacks are getting more sophisticated and varying the methods used, making them harder to mitigate.
In 2014, amplification and reflection attacks were still the most popular choice for the attacker. This method multiplies the attack traffic, making it easier for attackers to reach a high volume of above 100 Gbps even with a small botnet. From January to August 2014, DNS amplification attacks grew by 183 percent. The use of the network time protocol (NTP) amplification method has increased by a factor of 275 from January to July, but is now declining again. The use of compromised, high bandwidth servers with attack scripts has become a noticeable trend.
Whitepaper on DDoS Mitigation
The document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, including how they work, common tools and methods used, and examples of recent large-scale DDoS attacks. It provides details on how botnets are used to overwhelm websites and infrastructure with malicious traffic. Specific DDoS attack types like UDP floods, SYN floods, and reflection attacks are outlined. Recent large attacks are described, such as those targeting bitcoin exchanges, social trading platforms, and Hong Kong voting sites ahead of a civil referendum.
The Anatomy of an Anonymous Attack
This Imperva Hacker Intel report details the never-before-seen details on an attack by hacktivist group 'Anonymous' against a high-profile unnamed target during a 25 day period in 2011. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the attack, including a detailed timeline of activities from start to finish, an examination of the hacking methods utilized, as well as insights on the use of social media to recruit participants and coordinate the attack.
I034_I041_I052_DDOS Attacks_Presentation.pdf
The document discusses distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks and methods to detect them. It describes DDoS attacks as attempts to make network resources unavailable by flooding them with traffic. The document then reviews literature on detection methods like packet marking and cumulative sum algorithms. It presents a methodology using packet sniffing and analysis to identify attack levels based on packet counts. Specifically, it generates DDoS attacks using LOIC and analyzes TCP SYN flood and UDP flood attacks to detect the length of attacks with over 99% accuracy. In conclusion, it emphasizes the challenge of identifying DDoS attacks and discusses using packet headers and contents to identify malicious traffic based on their behaviors.
TrendLabs 2012 Annual Security Roundup: Evolved Threats in a “Post-PC” World
In 2012, cybercriminals increasingly targeted mobile devices like Android smartphones and embraced new platforms beyond PCs. The number of Android malware grew explosively to over 350,000, mirroring the growth of the Android OS. Data breaches and targeted attacks continued at an alarming rate, with the cost of the Global Payments breach reaching $94 million. Cybercriminals also refined existing attack methods, with ransomware, automatic transfer systems, and the Blackhole Exploit Kit all becoming more sophisticated. While zero-day vulnerabilities still emerged, attackers also effectively exploited older vulnerabilities since many systems remained unpatched.
Similar to Write 2 to 3 paragraphs aboutONE DDoS attack that occurred in 2016.pdf (20)
The Principles of Modern Attacks Analysis for Penetration Tester
The Principles of Modern Attacks Analysis for Penetration Tester
Network and Application Security 2017. Prediction 2017
Network and Application Security 2017. Prediction 2017
DNS spoofing/poisoning Attack Report (Word Document)
DNS spoofing/poisoning Attack Report (Word Document)
Hacks R Us used 4 zero-days to infect Windows and Android devices
Hacks R Us used 4 zero-days to infect Windows and Android devices
A Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Approach Under DDoS Flood Attack
A Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Approach Under DDoS Flood Attack
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: The Continued rise of DDoS Attacks
TECHNICAL WHITE PAPER: The Continued rise of DDoS Attacks
TrendLabs 2012 Annual Security Roundup: Evolved Threats in a “Post-PC” World
TrendLabs 2012 Annual Security Roundup: Evolved Threats in a “Post-PC” World
More from ezzi97
Explain why multiple processes cannot share data easilySolution.pdf
Explain why multiple processes cannot share data easily?
Solution
threads share C.P.U. and just one thread active (running) at a time.
threads among a processes, threads among a processes execute consecutive.
thread will produce youngsters.
if one thread is blocked, another thread will run
hreads don\'t seem to be freelance of 1 another.
all threads will access each address within the task .
thread square measure style to help one alternative. Note that processes would possibly or may
not assist each other as a result of processes could originate from completely different users
A method with multiple threads build a good server for instance printer server.
Because threads will share common information, they are doing not have to be compelled to use
interprocess communication.
Because of the terribly nature, threads will cash in of multiprocessors.
They solely want a stack and storage for registers thus, threads square measure low-cost to form.
Threads use little resources of associate degree software system during which they\'re operating.
That is, threads don\'t want new address house, international information, program code or
software system resources.
Context change square measure quick once operating with threads. the rationale is that we tend
to solely ought to save and/or restore computer, SP and registers
User-level threads doesn\'t need modification to operative systems.
Simple Representation:
every thread is depicted just by a computer, registers, stack and atiny low management block, all
hold on within the user method address house.
Simple Management:
This merely implies that making a thread, change between threads and synchronization between
threads will all be shunned intervention of the kernel.
Fast and Efficient: Thread change isn\'t way more overpriced than a procedure decision.
There is a scarcity of coordination between threads and software system kernel. Therefore,
method as whole gets just one occasion slice irrespect of whether or not method has one thread
or a thousand threads among. it\'s up to every thread to relinquish management to alternative
threads.
User-level threads needs non-blocking systems decision i.e., a multithreaded kernel. Otherwise,
entire method can blocked within the kernel, albeit there square measure runable threads left
within the processes. for instance, if one thread causes a page fault, the method blocks..
executive summary for law enforcement using dronesSolutionUse .pdf
executive summary for law enforcement using drones
Solution
Use of drones makes the job of law enforcement easier as it enables access to real time
surveillance. Drones helps the police force conduct aeriel surveilance and the video can be
viewed real time or at a later point in time. This is a very useful tool during the investigative
process. Drones can be equipped with thermal cameras so as to keep an eye on anti-social
elements.
However, law enforcement agencies will have to make sure that use of drones do not violate the
privacy of citizens..
Discuss how your life and experience with social mediaweb 2.0 compa.pdf
Discuss how your life and experience with social media/web 2.0 compares with it?
Solution
Social media has impacted everyone’s life in the era of digitization. Be an organization or be an
individual; the social media has left its significance on every affected element.
The social media mediums are diverse and they serve a variety of purposes. The organizations
reported that the mediums lucrative for following reasons:
Moreover, the information gathered through various sources social media, secondary research,
qualitative & quantitative information, business publications help companies to make appropriate
strategic decisions.
However, there are pros and cons of the same. On the individual front, below are the pros and
cons of the social media
On the organizational front:
Below companies are emphasizing on social media use and secondary research to expand their
business..
create a narrative budget blueprint for a local unit of government. .pdf
create a narrative budget blueprint for a local unit of government. Put yourself in the shoes of an
administrator in a newly formed municipality that has never developed a municipal budget
before. How would you complete the task? Where would you start? What process would you
follow? Who would be involved? What concerns do you have, how do you resolve them? How
do you budget for capital items and link them to the operational budget, etc.? Be as detailed as
possible to display a comprehensive understanding of the course material.
Solution
Municipal Budget :
A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision. It is an urban area usally a city or
town .
Generally Municipalities create Budget on Annual basis. Budget consists of anticipation of
Expected Revenue and Estimated Expenditure.
Generally we start from
a) Revenue :
i) Revenue may be Grants received from Central Government for specific purpouse or general
purpouse.
ii) any local taxes collected from individuals etc will become revenue .
b) Expenditure :
As it is newly formed local unit it can take the basis of any muncipality which is already existing
so that it can cover all administrative expenses like electricity, water, Telephone charges etc.
Sometimes expenditure may be Planned or Unplanned . Therefore amount should be kept aside
as Contingency for UNplanned portion.
Proper authorisation should be there for each and every expenditure.
Expenditure may be for salaries, maintenance of road ways, public parks ,libraries or to provide
Safety services for public, funds for Schools etc
While preparing Budget there might be conflict of ideas.It can be overcomed by meeting the
concerned head of the department.
For Capital budgets Proper Approval, Sanction details Should be verified.
Every member in the unit should be aware of Guidelines respective to there Department.
Through which errors can be avoided.As requisition and payment process done from the unit ,
there should be proper segregation between CApital and revenue expenditure.This can be done if
there are seprate Rules and guidelines for capital and revenue expenditure.
So, in Budget major Focus will be on Revenue and Expenditure..
define three types of kernal-mode to user mode transfersSolution.pdf
define three types of kernal-mode to user mode transfers
Solution
1.Multitasking ; In order to excute multiple jobs , process switching is needed some times.In
order to load programmes CPU moves from kernal mode to user mode
2.Interrupt handling ; Modern architectures are interrupt driven.When an interrupt occurs, the
hardware automatically switches a part of the context (kernal-mode to user mode or usermode to
kernal-mode)
3.User and kernel mode switching ; A transfer between user mode and kernel mode is required in
an OS, then user and kernal mode switching takes place ..
Arrange the steps of DNA replication in the order that they occur. D.pdf
Arrange the steps of DNA replication in the order that they occur. DNA polymerase synthesizes
DNA. DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together. Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins bind
to each template strand. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix. RNA primers are added.
RNA primers are removed.
Solution
Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins bind to each
template strand RNA primers added DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA RNA primers are
removed DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together.
C++You will design a program to play a simplified version of war, .pdf
The document describes a simplified dice game of war simulation to be programmed in C++. There will be two simulated players, each with their own die that can have a different number of sides as specified by the user. The user will also specify if either die is loaded, meaning it is biased to roll higher on average. The program will simulate rounds of the two players rolling their dice, compare the results, track scores, and report the overall winner. Classes like Die, LoadedDie, and Game will be defined to represent the dice and game logic.
(c) After conducting several measurements, the Beijing Municipal Env.pdf
(c) After conducting several measurements, the Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring
Center issued a warning that indicated the density of PM2.5 (fine particulate matter, a measure of
air pollution) was over the safe limit.
Descriptive
Inferential
(d) International Living issued a report listing percentages of Americans retired and living in
each foreign country.
Descriptive
Inferential
Descriptive
Inferential
Solution
C) Descriptive
D) Inferential.
1. Which of the following statements would correctly print out t.pdf
The document contains 30 multiple choice questions about JavaScript concepts including:
- Printing text in a specific color using document.write()
- Creating alert dialogs with window.alert()
- Valid variable names
- If/else conditional statements
- While loops
- Array methods like length, indexing, and initialization
- String methods like split(), charAt(), and indexOf()
- Window methods for creating windows and prompting users
The questions cover a wide range of JavaScript topics from basic syntax to objects, methods, and built-in functions.
2.How important is it to involve physicians in financial improvement.pdf
2.How important is it to involve physicians in financial improvement efforts? What is the best
strategy for physician engagement?
Solution
Physicians are the key player in healthcare system. They have expert knowledge, skills , abilities,
experience, opinions etc. to suggest for formulating the policies related to healthcare
improvements practices. They actually know what is equitable, suitable, right , fair, transparent
and realistic pricing startegies for patients care as well as their payment part in the health care
system.
To engage the physician in healthcare system, the following efforts must be developed and
implemented by the hospital management and healthcare administrators,
1) They should have to report on daily basis to some central authorities related to their day to day
contribution.
2) Their payment and compensation should be kept best among the industry so that they do not
involve themselves in private practices.
3) They should be given some startegic role to analyze the best practices prevalent in the health
care industry.
4) Some training and development activities for future doctors and staffs must be organized by
the hospital so that these physicians can contribute their learning and experience.
5) They should be asked to write some blogs on social platforms so that more people can be
attracted for health care reforms and services offered by the hospital.
6) They should be given some flexibility to choose their plan for making and earning money by
being the part of the helath care system.
7) They must be engaged for setting code of ethics for health care reforms and quality conscious
services..
Write one page essay to explain how you relate signals and systems t.pdf
Write one page essay to explain how you relate signals and systems theory with current
technology advancement.
Support your argument by providing a case study and identify signals and systems theory plays a
major role on mentioned application.
Please post the website or database you found information. Thank you!
Solution
A signal as referred to in communication systems, signal processing, and electrical engineering is
a function that \"conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon. In
the physical world, any quantity exhibiting variation in time or variation in space (such as an
image) is potentially a signal that might provide information on the status of a physical system,
or convey a message between observers, among other possibilities. The IEEE Transactions on
Signal Processing states that the term \"signal\" includes audio, video, speech, image,
communication, geophysical, sonar, radar, medical and musical signals.
Typically, signals are provided by a sensor, and often the original form of a signal is converted to
another form of energy using a transducer. For example, a microphone converts an acoustic
signal to a voltage waveform, and a speaker does the reverse.
The formal study of the information content of signals is the field of information theory. The
information in a signal is usually accompanied by noise. The term noise usually means an
undesirable random disturbance, but is often extended to include unwanted signals conflicting
with the desired signal (such as crosstalk). The prevention of noise is covered in part under the
heading of signal integrity. The separation of desired signals from a background is the field of
signal recovery, one branch of which is estimation theory, a probabilistic approach to
suppressing random disturbances.
Engineering disciplines such as electrical engineering have led the way in the design, study, and
implementation of systems involving transmission, storage, and manipulation of information. In
the latter half of the 20th century, electrical engineering itself separated into several disciplines,
specialising in the design and analysis of systems that manipulate physical signals; electronic
engineering and computer engineering as examples; while design engineering developed to deal
with functional design of man–machine interfaces.
Definitions specific to sub-fields are common. For example, in information theory, a signal is a
codified message, that is, the sequence of states in a communication channel that encodes a
message.
In the context of signal processing, arbitrary binary data streams are not considered as signals,
but only analog and digital signals that are representations of analog physical quantities.
In a communication system, a transmitter encodes a message to a signal, which is carried to a
receiver by the communications channel. For example, the words \"Mary had a little lamb\"
might be the message spoken into a telephone. The telephone transmitter converts th.
Why do IDPs & IDRs lack structure Lack a ligand or partner Denatu.pdf
Why do IDPs & IDRs lack structure? Lack a ligand or partner? Denatured during isolation?
Folding requires conditions found inside cells? Lack of folding encoded by amino acid
sequence?
Solution
IDPs (Intrinsically disordered protein) and IDRs (Intrinsically disordered regions) lack structure
due to lack of folding encoded by amino acid seuence. In general, IDPs are characterized by a
low content of bulky hydrophobic amino acids and a high proportion of polar and charged amino
acids, usually referred to as low hydrophobicity. This property leads to good interactions with
water. Furthermore, high net charges promote disorder because of electrostatic repulsion
resulting from equally charged residues. Thus disordered sequences cannot sufficiently bury a
hydrophobic core to fold into stable globular proteins. Some proteins are fully disordered while
some are partial. Partial disordered proteins have some disordered regions (IDRs). Hence, IDPs
and IDRs have no fix structure and cover a spectrum of states from fully unstructured to partially
structured and include random coils, (pre-)molten globules, and large multi-domain proteins
connected by flexible linkers..
Why is methyl salicylate not appreciably soluble in waterSoluti.pdf
Why is methyl salicylate not appreciably soluble in water?
Solution
Methyl salicylate is not soluble in water due to the presence of benzene ring which is
hydrophobic in nature leading to dispersion forces between the ester molecules. Secondly, the
presence of OH group gives rise to hydrogen bonding with the water molecules. This hydrogen
bonding is weak in nature since the dispersion forces between the two benzene rings are more
leading to decreased solubility of methyl salicylate in water..
Who are stakeholders Define who they are and then please share what.pdf
Who are stakeholders? Define who they are and then please share what particular interest each of
these stakeholders have in the information shared on the income statement, retained earnings
statement, balance sheet and statement of cash flows. How do we analyze if a company is
healthy or not?
Solution
Stakeholders are those persons or group of persons who have a interest in the company. The
Interest that they have may be financial or non financial, such as an employee has a financial
interest but customers have non-financial interest. Stakeholders are concerned about the working
of a company. Stakeholders are of two types
Various Types of Stakeholders are as follows:-
Different stakeholders have different interests in the company. Various Stakeholders and their
Interests are given below.
1.Customers. Customers have a stake in the goods of the company. Customers need to know that
company is making progress; it increases their confidence in using company’s products. All a
Customer need is Good a quality product with future care. A customer can understand from
Income statements of a company that whether companies do any research expenses to make their
product better for consumption.
2. Employees. Employees wants to see what company pays to them as a compensation for their
hard work. Companies Value added statements show the percentage of revenue distributed to
employees of company. Employees are also concerned about their job security. A profit making
company is suppose to give a satisfaction to employee that he has a good future in company.
3.Government. Government Collects takes which can be ascertained by reviewing Income
statement. Moreover companies help government by providing employment to millions of
people. Government has interest in knowing that companies prepare their financial statements
truthfully and frauds like Enron are not done.
4. Stock Holders. Stock Holders are basically owners of a company, They take major decisions
in working of a company. Results shown by income statements, Balance sheets and cash Flow
Statements help them take future decisions with precision.
5. Society. Society is also concerned about the working of business organizations. They have a
stake in Corporate Social Responsibility policies of a company. Whether company is taking
necessary steps to minimize pollution of water, air, or total environment as a whole. The
employment rate is another example of society’s stake in businesses.
6. Suppliers. Suppliers are Concerned about that cash position of company. The Current ratio of
Company. They supply Inventory so they need to know whether company is able to pay their
dues in time. Cash Flow statements show a supplier the position of cash of a company.
7. Creditors. Creditors are concerned about the payment of their dues.
8. Lenders. Lenders such as Bond Holders or Preference stock holders are concerned about the
efficient of use of their money and the return on their money. No one wants to lend his money to
a c.
What was the biggest problem with the Articles of Confederation They.pdf
What was the biggest problem with the Articles of Confederation? They gave too much
authority to the executive branch The court system lacked judicial review and enforcement
abilities. (, They required unanimous ratification by the states before going into effect. They
swung too far in the direction of limited national government.
Solution
Question 1- Answer is option 4
Question 2- Answer is option 3
Question 3- Answer is option 4
Question 4- Answer is option 2
Question 5- Answer is option 3.
What is UWIN and what does it doSolutionUWin is a software .pdf
What is U/WIN and what does it do?
Solution
U/Win is a software package. It is used to run Unix applications in windows.
For eample if u have some programs which were written for the UNIX environment, you can use
U/WIN to run those programs in windows systems by making few or no changes.
U/WIN contains libraries that emulate UNIX environment by implementing the UNIX API.
Most of the Unix API is implemented by the POSIX.DLL dynamically loaded library (DLL).
Programs linked with POSIX.DLL run under the Win32 subsystem instead of the POSIX
subsystem.
so programs can freely intermix Unix and Win32 library calls..
What sort of archaeological remains have been discovered on the site.pdf
What sort of archaeological remains have been discovered on the site of the ancient city of
Pompeii?
Solution
Answer:
Pompeii located in the Campania region of Italy. It was an ancient Roman city situated near
(around 23 km southeast of) modern Naples which was destroyed (and buried under 4 to 6 meter
of volcanic ash and pumice) by the violent eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.
The archaeological remains have been discovered on the site of the ancient city of Pompeii are :.
Link to assignment that I need help with is below httpweb.cse..pdf
Link to assignment that I need help with is below:
http://web.cse.ohio-state.edu/cse2123/currentsem/closedlabs/ClosedLab01.html
Solution
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ClosedLab01a
{
// Method to find index of max element in list
private static int findMin(ArrayList list) {
int index = 0;
double minValue = list.get(0);
for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) {
if(list.get(i) < minValue) {
minValue = list.get(i);
index = i;
}
}
return index;
}
// Method to find index of max element in list
private static int findMax(ArrayList list) {
int index = 0;
double maxValue = list.get(0);
for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) {
if(list.get(i) > maxValue) {
maxValue = list.get(i);
index = i;
}
}
return index;
}
// Method to compute average of a list of values.
private static double computeAverage(ArrayList list) {
double average = 0;
for (double value: list) {
average += value;
}
average = average/list.size();
return average;
}
public static void main (String[] args) throws IOException {
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter a filename: \");
String fname = keyboard.nextLine();
try {
Scanner infile = new Scanner(new File(fname));
ArrayList purchases = new ArrayList();
while(infile.hasNext()) {
double purch=infile.nextDouble();
purchases.add(purch);
}
infile.close();
double average = computeAverage(purchases);
System.out.println(\"The average purchase value was \" + average);
int maxIndex = findMax(purchases);
System.out.println(\"The maximum purchase value is at index (\" + maxIndex + \") and value is
\" + purchases.get(maxIndex));
int minIndex = findMin(purchases);
System.out.println(\"The minimum purchase value is at index (\" + minIndex + \") and value is
\" + purchases.get(minIndex));
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(\"Error reading file \"+fname+\" \"+e);
}
}
}.
The Food Stamp Program is Americas first line of defense against hu.pdf
The Food Stamp Program is America\'s first line of defense against hunger for millions of
families. Over half of all participants, am children, one out of six is a low-income older adult.
The function, f(x), models the number of people, in millions, receiving food stamps x years after
1990. Use the graph of f(x) given above the answers to the following questions. How many
million people received food stamps in the year 2004? In which year(s) did 22 million people
receive food stamps?
Solution
a) 10 million
draw a vertical line at x=14 (because 2004 = 1990+14 and see where it intersects with the curve)
b)
year 1992 , 2000
draw a horizontal line at y=22 and see where it intersects with the curve
you would see, it intersects at x = 2 , 10
therefore, 1990 +2 , 1990+10
1992 , 2000.
The following code snipet contains some unfamiliar text#include .pdf
The following code snipet contains some unfamiliar text:
#include
#include
#include
/* ... */
WINTRUST_FILE_INFO FileData;
memset(&FileData, 0, sizeof(FileData));
FileData.cbStruct = sizeof(WINTRUST_FILE_INFO);
FileData.pcwszFilePath = pwszSourceFile;
FileData.hFile = NULL;
FileData.pgKnownSubject = NULL;
How could one go about discovering the definition of WINTRUST_FILE_INFO, and
how to interpret it?
Solution
#include
#include
#include
/* ... */
WINTRUST_FILE_INFO FileData;
memset(&FileData, 0, sizeof(FileData));
FileData.cbStruct = sizeof(WINTRUST_FILE_INFO);
FileData.pcwszFilePath = pwszSourceFile;
FileData.hFile = NULL;
FileData.pgKnownSubject = NULL;
Hi, You can find about \"WINTRUST_FILE_INFO\" in \'wintrust.h\'
\"WINTRUST_FILE_INFO\" is a typedef (alias) of some class name.
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Explain why multiple processes cannot share data easilySolution.pdf
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executive summary for law enforcement using dronesSolutionUse .pdf
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create a narrative budget blueprint for a local unit of government. .pdf
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define three types of kernal-mode to user mode transfersSolution.pdf
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Arrange the steps of DNA replication in the order that they occur. D.pdf
Arrange the steps of DNA replication in the order that they occur. D.pdf
C++You will design a program to play a simplified version of war, .pdf
C++You will design a program to play a simplified version of war, .pdf
(c) After conducting several measurements, the Beijing Municipal Env.pdf
(c) After conducting several measurements, the Beijing Municipal Env.pdf
1. Which of the following statements would correctly print out t.pdf
1. Which of the following statements would correctly print out t.pdf
2.How important is it to involve physicians in financial improvement.pdf
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Write one page essay to explain how you relate signals and systems t.pdf
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Why do IDPs & IDRs lack structure Lack a ligand or partner Denatu.pdf
Why do IDPs & IDRs lack structure Lack a ligand or partner Denatu.pdf
Why is methyl salicylate not appreciably soluble in waterSoluti.pdf
Why is methyl salicylate not appreciably soluble in waterSoluti.pdf
Who are stakeholders Define who they are and then please share what.pdf
Who are stakeholders Define who they are and then please share what.pdf
What was the biggest problem with the Articles of Confederation They.pdf
What was the biggest problem with the Articles of Confederation They.pdf
What is UWIN and what does it doSolutionUWin is a software .pdf
What is UWIN and what does it doSolutionUWin is a software .pdf
What sort of archaeological remains have been discovered on the site.pdf
What sort of archaeological remains have been discovered on the site.pdf
Link to assignment that I need help with is below httpweb.cse..pdf
Link to assignment that I need help with is below httpweb.cse..pdf
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The Food Stamp Program is Americas first line of defense against hu.pdf
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The following code snipet contains some unfamiliar text#include .pdf
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Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
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Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
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www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
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- 1. Write 2 to 3 paragraphs about ONE DDoS attack that occurred in 2016. 1-What techniques were used to launch the attack? 2- Who was the victim? 3-What was the vulnerability in the victim that led to the success of this attack? 4-What are some of the remedial measures, if any, that have been taken after the attack? Solution DDOS: As you may known that DDOS is distribute denial of service which is a kind of DOS . In a DDOS attack the victims use both the targeted end system and the all the system which are being used and controlled by the hacker in this attack. DDOS attack in 2016: One of the DDOS attack that took place in 2016 is the Dyn cyber attack which took place on october 21.This involved multiple DDOS aatacks which targets the DNS(Domainn Name System)provider Dyn. This attacK caused many internet platforms and services unavailable to the users of Europe and North America. Victim of this attack: New world Hackers and the group anonymous claimed the responsibility for the Dyn cyber attack. Techniques used: Dyn DNS provider is providing the service of mapping an internet domain name to the end users.when the Dyn provider entered into the web browser they noticed the DDOS attack which has been accomplished through large number of DNS request. The attack has been executed through the botnet which consist of large number of internet connected devices and that has been infected through Mirai malware. vulnerability: The vulnerability in the victim is the Mirai botnet with an estimated throughput of 1.2 terabits per second.According to experts this is the largest DDOS attack. This attack has been coordinated through internet of things(IOT).