A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The dimensions of a matrix are written as the number of rows x the number of columns. Each individual entry in the matrix is named by its position, using the matrix name and row and column numbers. Matrices can represent systems of equations or points in a plane. Operations on matrices include addition, multiplication by scalars, and dilation of points represented by matrices.
The document discusses the rules for matrix multiplication. It states that two matrices can only be multiplied if the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix. It provides examples of multiplying different matrices and explains how to calculate each element of the resulting matrix by taking the dot product of the corresponding row and column. It also gives an example of using matrix multiplication to calculate total sales and revenue from sales data organized in matrices.
This document provides an introduction to basic matrix operations including addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. It defines matrices and how to perform basic arithmetic on matrices. It also introduces the concept of matrix equations and using matrix multiplication to solve systems of linear equations. Key points covered include:
- How to add and subtract matrices by adding or subtracting the corresponding entries
- Scalar multiplication involves multiplying each entry of a matrix by a scalar number
- Matrix multiplication involves multiplying rows of one matrix with columns of another, with the constraint that the number of columns of the first matrix must equal the number of rows of the second matrix.
- Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general.
The order of the given matrix is 2×3. So the maximum no. of elements is 2×3 = 6.
The correct option is B.
The element a32 belongs to 3rd row and 2nd column.
The correct option is B.
3. A matrix whose each diagonal element is unity and all other elements are zero is called
A) Identity matrix B) Unit matrix C) Scalar matrix D) Diagonal matrix
4. A matrix whose each row sums to unity is called
A) Row matrix B) Column matrix C) Unit matrix D) Stochastic matrix
5. The sum of all the elements on the principal diagonal of a square
The document discusses matrices and their applications. It begins by defining what a matrix is and some basic matrix operations like addition, scalar multiplication, and transpose. It then discusses matrix multiplication and how it can be used to represent systems of linear equations. The document lists several applications of matrices, including representing graphs, transformations in computer graphics, solving systems of linear equations, cryptography, and secret communication methods like steganography. It provides some high-level details about using matrices for secret codes and hiding messages in digital files like images and audio.
Application of matrix
1. Encryption, its process and example
2. Decryption, its process and example
3. Seismic Survey
4. Computer Animation
5. Economics
6. Other uses...
A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers organized in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns it contains. Entries are the individual numbers within the matrix. Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. To add or subtract matrices, they must be the same order, while scalar multiplication multiplies each entry of the matrix by the scalar.
A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns. The dimensions of a matrix are written as the number of rows x the number of columns. Each individual entry in the matrix is named by its position, using the matrix name and row and column numbers. Matrices can represent systems of equations or points in a plane. Operations on matrices include addition, multiplication by scalars, and dilation of points represented by matrices.
The document discusses the rules for matrix multiplication. It states that two matrices can only be multiplied if the number of columns of the first matrix is equal to the number of rows of the second matrix. It provides examples of multiplying different matrices and explains how to calculate each element of the resulting matrix by taking the dot product of the corresponding row and column. It also gives an example of using matrix multiplication to calculate total sales and revenue from sales data organized in matrices.
This document provides an introduction to basic matrix operations including addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication. It defines matrices and how to perform basic arithmetic on matrices. It also introduces the concept of matrix equations and using matrix multiplication to solve systems of linear equations. Key points covered include:
- How to add and subtract matrices by adding or subtracting the corresponding entries
- Scalar multiplication involves multiplying each entry of a matrix by a scalar number
- Matrix multiplication involves multiplying rows of one matrix with columns of another, with the constraint that the number of columns of the first matrix must equal the number of rows of the second matrix.
- Matrix multiplication is not commutative in general.
The order of the given matrix is 2×3. So the maximum no. of elements is 2×3 = 6.
The correct option is B.
The element a32 belongs to 3rd row and 2nd column.
The correct option is B.
3. A matrix whose each diagonal element is unity and all other elements are zero is called
A) Identity matrix B) Unit matrix C) Scalar matrix D) Diagonal matrix
4. A matrix whose each row sums to unity is called
A) Row matrix B) Column matrix C) Unit matrix D) Stochastic matrix
5. The sum of all the elements on the principal diagonal of a square
The document discusses matrices and their applications. It begins by defining what a matrix is and some basic matrix operations like addition, scalar multiplication, and transpose. It then discusses matrix multiplication and how it can be used to represent systems of linear equations. The document lists several applications of matrices, including representing graphs, transformations in computer graphics, solving systems of linear equations, cryptography, and secret communication methods like steganography. It provides some high-level details about using matrices for secret codes and hiding messages in digital files like images and audio.
Application of matrix
1. Encryption, its process and example
2. Decryption, its process and example
3. Seismic Survey
4. Computer Animation
5. Economics
6. Other uses...
A matrix is a rectangular arrangement of numbers organized in rows and columns. The order of a matrix refers to the number of rows and columns it contains. Entries are the individual numbers within the matrix. Basic matrix operations include addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and multiplication. To add or subtract matrices, they must be the same order, while scalar multiplication multiplies each entry of the matrix by the scalar.
Here are the key steps to find the eigenvalues of the given matrix:
1) Write the characteristic equation: det(A - λI) = 0
2) Expand the determinant: (1-λ)(-2-λ) - 4 = 0
3) Simplify and factor: λ(λ + 1)(λ + 2) = 0
4) Find the roots: λ1 = 0, λ2 = -1, λ3 = -2
Therefore, the eigenvalues of the given matrix are -1 and -2.
This presentation describes Matrices and Determinants in detail including all the relevant definitions with examples, various concepts and the practice problems.
Multiplying polynomials can be done using three methods:
1. The distributive property, which involves multiplying each term of one polynomial with each term of the other.
2. FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last), which is a shortcut used for multiplying two binomials by multiplying the first, outer, inner, and last terms.
3. The box method, which involves drawing a box and writing one polynomial above and beside the box before distributing the multiplication similar to the distributive property.
This document discusses various applications of matrices across multiple domains:
1) Matrices are used in fields like graph theory, physics, computer graphics, cryptography, seismic surveys, computer animations, and economics.
2) They are used to represent systems with multiple variables arranged in rows and columns.
3) Specific applications include electrical circuits, quantum mechanics, optics, computer graphics projections, message encryption, solving equations, seismic surveys, and robotics where matrix calculations are used to program robot movements.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of matrices, including:
- Square matrices, where the number of rows equals the number of columns.
- Rectangular matrices, where the number of rows does not equal the number of columns.
- Row matrices, with only one row.
- Column matrices, with only one column.
- Null or zero matrices, with all elements equal to zero.
- Diagonal matrices, with all elements equal to zero except those on the main diagonal.
The document also discusses transpose, adjoint, and addition of matrices.
An identity matrix is a square matrix with ones along its main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. When a matrix is multiplied by its corresponding identity matrix, the original matrix is returned. The identity matrix for an n×n matrix is denoted In×n. Some key properties of identity matrices are that AI = IA = A for any square matrix A of the same dimensions.
Cryptography an application of vectors and matricesdianasc04
This document discusses cryptography and various encryption methods using matrices. It introduces shift ciphers, stretch ciphers, combination ciphers, and the Vigenere cipher which uses a keyword to shift between cipher alphabets. It provides examples of encoding and decoding messages with these ciphers and discusses how matrices can represent and manipulate encrypted data. It also considers the benefits and limitations of different encryption methods and how cryptography applies to fields like warfare.
The document provides examples of factorizing algebraic expressions. It begins with expanding simple expressions like 3g + 4 and finding the common factors of terms like 12 and 20. The next section provides more examples of factorizing expressions like x2 + 2x by finding the highest common factor. It emphasizes factorizing completely, like writing 3abc(ab4 + 9) instead of 9abc(ab4 + 9). The document concludes with an exercise for students to practice factorizing expressions and an extension with more challenging examples. It provides the opportunity for a 10 minute practice session to reinforce the steps of factorizing algebraic expressions.
The document discusses partial fraction decomposition and the cover-up rule. It explains that the cover-up rule can be used as a shortcut to substitution when decomposing algebraic fractions. It also notes that the faster method of comparing like terms should be used when possible to find the coefficients in a partial fraction decomposition.
This document discusses different methods of partial fraction decomposition when integrating rational functions. It outlines four types of partial fraction decomposition based on the characteristics of the denominator: 1) distinct real roots, 2) repeated distinct real roots, 3) non-distinct real roots, and 4) non-repeated distinct real roots. For each type, it provides examples of the setup and solution process, which involves breaking down the rational function into simpler fractional components and solving for the coefficients.
This document provides an overview of multiples, factors, least common multiples (LCM), highest common factors (HCF), prime numbers, and divisibility rules for numbers 2, 3, and 5 in a 7th grade mathematics chapter. It defines key terms, provides examples of finding multiples, factors, LCM, HCF, and discusses prime vs. composite numbers. Evaluation questions and group work assessing these concepts are assigned, along with homework reviewing common multiples, LCM, common factors, HCF, and listing prime numbers.
This document defines and describes different types of matrices including:
- Upper and lower triangular matrices
- Determinants which are scalars obtained from products of matrix elements according to constraints
- Band matrices which are sparse matrices with nonzero elements confined to diagonals
- Transpose matrices which exchange the rows and columns of a matrix
- Inverse matrices which when multiplied by the original matrix produce the identity matrix
Este documento presenta una serie de ejercicios sobre productos notables. Incluye identificar términos faltantes en productos notables, corregir errores en productos notables, calcular valores de productos notables, desarrollar y reducir productos notables, y reducir polinomios. El documento abarca una variedad de conceptos y operaciones relacionados con productos notables.
Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph consists of vertices and edges connecting pairs of vertices. There are many types of graphs including trees, which are connected acyclic graphs. Spanning trees are subgraphs of a graph that connect all vertices using the minimum number of edges. Key concepts in graph theory include paths, connectedness, cycles, and isomorphism between graphs.
El documento presenta una serie de ejercicios de álgebra que involucran expresiones algebraicas, enunciados verbales y sucesiones numéricas. Los ejercicios piden enunciar expresiones verbales y algebraicas, resolver sucesiones numéricas y problemas geométricos sobre cubos.
Este documento presenta ejercicios de factorización de polinomios. Proporciona ejemplos resueltos de cómo factorizar expresiones algebraicas extrayendo el máximo común divisor. Luego, ofrece una serie de ejercicios para que el lector practique la factorización de trinomios, binomios y polinomios más complejos. El documento guía al lector paso a paso en el proceso de factorización.
It contains the basics of matrix which includes matrix definition,types of matrices,operations on matrices,transpose of matrix,symmetric and skew symmetric matrix,invertible matrix,
application of matrix.
The document discusses different types of matrices:
1) Rectangular matrices have a different number of rows and columns.
2) Column and row matrices have only one column or row, respectively.
3) Square matrices have an equal number of rows and columns.
4) Diagonal matrices have non-zero elements only along the main diagonal.
5) Scalar and null matrices are specific types of diagonal and zero matrices.
6) The identity matrix is a diagonal matrix with 1s along the main diagonal.
Here are the key steps to find the eigenvalues of the given matrix:
1) Write the characteristic equation: det(A - λI) = 0
2) Expand the determinant: (1-λ)(-2-λ) - 4 = 0
3) Simplify and factor: λ(λ + 1)(λ + 2) = 0
4) Find the roots: λ1 = 0, λ2 = -1, λ3 = -2
Therefore, the eigenvalues of the given matrix are -1 and -2.
This presentation describes Matrices and Determinants in detail including all the relevant definitions with examples, various concepts and the practice problems.
Multiplying polynomials can be done using three methods:
1. The distributive property, which involves multiplying each term of one polynomial with each term of the other.
2. FOIL (First, Outer, Inner, Last), which is a shortcut used for multiplying two binomials by multiplying the first, outer, inner, and last terms.
3. The box method, which involves drawing a box and writing one polynomial above and beside the box before distributing the multiplication similar to the distributive property.
This document discusses various applications of matrices across multiple domains:
1) Matrices are used in fields like graph theory, physics, computer graphics, cryptography, seismic surveys, computer animations, and economics.
2) They are used to represent systems with multiple variables arranged in rows and columns.
3) Specific applications include electrical circuits, quantum mechanics, optics, computer graphics projections, message encryption, solving equations, seismic surveys, and robotics where matrix calculations are used to program robot movements.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of matrices, including:
- Square matrices, where the number of rows equals the number of columns.
- Rectangular matrices, where the number of rows does not equal the number of columns.
- Row matrices, with only one row.
- Column matrices, with only one column.
- Null or zero matrices, with all elements equal to zero.
- Diagonal matrices, with all elements equal to zero except those on the main diagonal.
The document also discusses transpose, adjoint, and addition of matrices.
An identity matrix is a square matrix with ones along its main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. When a matrix is multiplied by its corresponding identity matrix, the original matrix is returned. The identity matrix for an n×n matrix is denoted In×n. Some key properties of identity matrices are that AI = IA = A for any square matrix A of the same dimensions.
Cryptography an application of vectors and matricesdianasc04
This document discusses cryptography and various encryption methods using matrices. It introduces shift ciphers, stretch ciphers, combination ciphers, and the Vigenere cipher which uses a keyword to shift between cipher alphabets. It provides examples of encoding and decoding messages with these ciphers and discusses how matrices can represent and manipulate encrypted data. It also considers the benefits and limitations of different encryption methods and how cryptography applies to fields like warfare.
The document provides examples of factorizing algebraic expressions. It begins with expanding simple expressions like 3g + 4 and finding the common factors of terms like 12 and 20. The next section provides more examples of factorizing expressions like x2 + 2x by finding the highest common factor. It emphasizes factorizing completely, like writing 3abc(ab4 + 9) instead of 9abc(ab4 + 9). The document concludes with an exercise for students to practice factorizing expressions and an extension with more challenging examples. It provides the opportunity for a 10 minute practice session to reinforce the steps of factorizing algebraic expressions.
The document discusses partial fraction decomposition and the cover-up rule. It explains that the cover-up rule can be used as a shortcut to substitution when decomposing algebraic fractions. It also notes that the faster method of comparing like terms should be used when possible to find the coefficients in a partial fraction decomposition.
This document discusses different methods of partial fraction decomposition when integrating rational functions. It outlines four types of partial fraction decomposition based on the characteristics of the denominator: 1) distinct real roots, 2) repeated distinct real roots, 3) non-distinct real roots, and 4) non-repeated distinct real roots. For each type, it provides examples of the setup and solution process, which involves breaking down the rational function into simpler fractional components and solving for the coefficients.
This document provides an overview of multiples, factors, least common multiples (LCM), highest common factors (HCF), prime numbers, and divisibility rules for numbers 2, 3, and 5 in a 7th grade mathematics chapter. It defines key terms, provides examples of finding multiples, factors, LCM, HCF, and discusses prime vs. composite numbers. Evaluation questions and group work assessing these concepts are assigned, along with homework reviewing common multiples, LCM, common factors, HCF, and listing prime numbers.
This document defines and describes different types of matrices including:
- Upper and lower triangular matrices
- Determinants which are scalars obtained from products of matrix elements according to constraints
- Band matrices which are sparse matrices with nonzero elements confined to diagonals
- Transpose matrices which exchange the rows and columns of a matrix
- Inverse matrices which when multiplied by the original matrix produce the identity matrix
Este documento presenta una serie de ejercicios sobre productos notables. Incluye identificar términos faltantes en productos notables, corregir errores en productos notables, calcular valores de productos notables, desarrollar y reducir productos notables, y reducir polinomios. El documento abarca una variedad de conceptos y operaciones relacionados con productos notables.
Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph consists of vertices and edges connecting pairs of vertices. There are many types of graphs including trees, which are connected acyclic graphs. Spanning trees are subgraphs of a graph that connect all vertices using the minimum number of edges. Key concepts in graph theory include paths, connectedness, cycles, and isomorphism between graphs.
El documento presenta una serie de ejercicios de álgebra que involucran expresiones algebraicas, enunciados verbales y sucesiones numéricas. Los ejercicios piden enunciar expresiones verbales y algebraicas, resolver sucesiones numéricas y problemas geométricos sobre cubos.
Este documento presenta ejercicios de factorización de polinomios. Proporciona ejemplos resueltos de cómo factorizar expresiones algebraicas extrayendo el máximo común divisor. Luego, ofrece una serie de ejercicios para que el lector practique la factorización de trinomios, binomios y polinomios más complejos. El documento guía al lector paso a paso en el proceso de factorización.
It contains the basics of matrix which includes matrix definition,types of matrices,operations on matrices,transpose of matrix,symmetric and skew symmetric matrix,invertible matrix,
application of matrix.
The document discusses different types of matrices:
1) Rectangular matrices have a different number of rows and columns.
2) Column and row matrices have only one column or row, respectively.
3) Square matrices have an equal number of rows and columns.
4) Diagonal matrices have non-zero elements only along the main diagonal.
5) Scalar and null matrices are specific types of diagonal and zero matrices.
6) The identity matrix is a diagonal matrix with 1s along the main diagonal.
1. WVES 221 DOSENTE
Dr. Rathbone Mr. Goldberg
GROEP C – MAANDAE
F3 (G10) – 15:50 tot 17:40
GROEP D – WOENSDAE
E6 (K15) – 15:50 tot 17:40
[INTERPRETER]
GROEP A – MAANDAE
E8 (G39) – 11:10 tot 12:50
GROEP B – DONDERDAE
E5 (K04) – 11:10 tot 12:50
2. MODULE CODE:
WVES 211 – GROUP C/D
MODULE NAME:
“VERSTAAN DIE
EKONOMIESE
WÊRELD”
MODULE CREDITS:
12
LECTURER:
MR R. GOLDBERG
OFFICE:
BUILDING E3
OFFICE K259
TELEPHONE:
TO BE
CONFIRMED
EMAIL:
GOLDBERG.LECTURE
@YAHOO.COM
CONSULTATIONS:
WEDNESDAYS
11:00 – 13:00
NWU
3. • Deel in groepe van 4 of 5
• Elke groeplid het ‘n funksie:
VOORSITTER
• Bestuur die groep
• Koördinering van
groepgesprekke
• Dissipline
• Samesteling van
portefeulje
SKRIBA
• Neem presensie
• Ontvang
onverskonings &
siekebriewe
• Tik van
klasopdragte
KORRESPONDENT
• Lewer terugvoer
tydens klasse
• Korrespondensie
met dosent
NAVORSER(S)
• Moet toegang hê
tot Internet
• Besit laptop, tablet
of selfoon met
Internet toegang
5. LEERUITKOMSTE
1. Te kan onderskei tussen die begrippe wêreldbeskouing en ideologie
en voorbeelde van elk te gee.
2. Die eienskappe, aard en funksies van ‘n tersaaklike seleksie van
wêreldbeskouings en ideologieë te kan vergelyk.
3. Weet hoe ons die konsep “wêreldbeskouing” gebruik om te
onderskei tussen verskillende perspektiewe op die wêreld.
4. Weet hoe om ‘n wêreldbeskouing te analiseer.
5. Weet wanneer ‘n wêreldbeskouing disfunksioneel raak.
6. What is a worldview?
Wat is ‘n wêreldbeskouing?
Is generally referred to as:
• Perspective on life
• Vision of life
• World and life view
• Philosophy of life
• Value system
• Person's ideas and
principles
Word algemeen genoem:
• Lewensperspektief
• Lewensvisie
• Wêreld/lewensbeskouing
• Filosofie van die lewe
• Waardesisteem
• Persoon se idees en
beginsels
7. GESKIEDENIS
• Immanuel Kant: Het die konsep
“Weltanschauung” gebruik om ‘n
rasionale begrip van die wêreld of
van realiteit te beskryf in sy boek
“???NAVORSERS???” in 1790.
• Wilhelm Dilthey: “Vader" van die
wêreldbeskouing ideë. Hy het die
ideë ontwikkel en verskeie
wêreldbeskouings met mekaar
vergelyk.
8. WÊRELDBESKOUING – IN SIMPEL TERME
• Manier waarna ons na die lewe/wereld om ons kyk
• Heg waarde aan en gee rigting aan allerdaagse doen en late
• Bestaan uit reels en regulasies wat mens elke dag volg (I.e Christelike Geloof)
• Daar is slegs een wereld, maar hoe ons dit aanskou verskil
12. WÊRELDBESKOUING – GEDEFINIEER
‘n Wêreldbeskouing kan beskryf word as ‘n oorsigtelike raamwerk van
jou basiese oortuigings en benaderings tot sake of dinge (Wolters,
1992:2).
‘n Wêreldbeskouing is ‘n stel vooronderstellings wat ons oor die basiese
samestelling van die wêreld huldig (Sire, 1990:29-30).
‘n Wêreldbeskouing is ‘n raamwerk of stel onderliggende oortuigings
waardeur ons na die wêreld en ons roeping en toekoms daarin kyk.
Hierdie beskouing is ‘n kanaal vir die allernuutse oortuigings wat rigting
en betekenis aan die lewe gee. Dit is die skarniere waarop ons
alledaagse denke en dade draai (Olthuis, 1989:29).
14. HOE ONTSTAAN ‘N WÊRELDBESKOUING?
Wie is ek?
Waar is ek?
Waarheen gaan ek?
Wat is die mening van die lewe?
Is daar ‘n God?
Wat is goed en wat is boos?
Wat gebeur wanneer ek doodgaan?
Saam, vorm al jou antwoorde
tot hierdie vrae jou unieke
perspektief op die wêreld – ‘n
wêreldbeskouing wat sin
maak van die lewe.
15. WATSE FAKTORE BEINVLOED DIE
VORMING VAN ‘N WERELDBESKOUING?
WÊRELDBESKOUING
Wat jy glo
(waarheid)
Ander menslike
ervaringe1 2
16. 1: Waarheid
• As ‘n wêreldbeskouing nie as absolute waarheid
gesien kan word nie, is dit oop vir deurlopende
herevaluering en verandering
– Wêreldbeskouings moet deurentyd getoets word (kan
nie staties bly) → Implikasies.
– Stel ons ook in staat om ander visies in ag te neem
Beteken egter nie dat ons ‘n relatiwistiese posisie
moet aanvaar nie → Sommige wêreldbeskouings
verhoed groei en streef nie geregtigheid na nie.
– Die “regte” geloofsoortuigings en “regte” visie sal
“life-affirming” eerder as “life-destroying” wees
– Belangrike punt: Hierdie idee van volmaaktheid /
“ultimacy” / egte waarheid is gewortel in ‘n
geloofsbasis, maar daar is ander alledaagse faktore
wat ook ‘n rol speel
17. 2: Ander menslike ervaringe
• Die ervaring en waarneming van die wêreld
beïnvloed ‘n persoon se wêreldbeskouing en
het ‘n invloed op eksistensiële geloof
– Die ontwikkeling en vorming van
wêreldbeskouings vind plaas binne verskillende
tradisies wat in die historiese proses ingebed is.
Word gekoppel aan die rangskikking van
fundamentêle vrae in ‘n samehangende
beskrywing van die realiteit
21. Hoe kom ons agter wanneer ‘n
wêreldbeskouing disfunksioneel raak?
“Wanneer daar ‘n gaping is tussen visie en realiteit, is daar
krisis, frustrasie en wrywing” – Olthuis, 1989
22. WÊRELDBESKOUINGS KRISIS
• ‘n Krisis van wêreldbeskouings ontstaan as
gevolg van verskeie faktore:
– ‘n Ander wêreldbeskouing is “sterker” (duideliker
beeld van realiteit, ens.).
– Die huidige wêreldbeeld pas nie by die ware
realiteit of by ‘n persoon se geloofsoortuigings nie.
– Die navolger van die wêreldbeskouing verander
van perspektief of visie.
24. Groepopdrag / Group Assignment 1
1. What is a worldview?/ Wat is 'n wêreldbeskouing?
– Olthuis p.1-3, Vidal p.3 and studyguide
p.4
2. How is a worldview developed?/ Hoe word 'n
wêreldbeskouing ontwikkel?
– Olthuis p.4-6
3. Why do worldviews differ? / Waarom verskil
wêreldbeskouings?
25. Hoe analiseer ons 'n wêreldbeskouing?
How do we analyse a worldview?
26. (3) Perspektief op die mens /
View of humanity
(2) Norme / Norms
(1) Eksistensiële geloof /
Existential belief / God
(4) Gemeenskap / Community
(5) Natuur / Nature
(6) Tyd / Time
Ses komponente van ʼn wêreldbeskouing /
Six components of a worldview
27. 1. Existential belief (metaphysical, ontological)
2. Norms (epistemology, axiological and
praxeology)
3. View of humanity (anthropological)
4. Gemeenskap (sociological)
5. Nature (physics)
6. Time (explanation and prediction)
Ses komponente van ʼn wêreldbeskouing /
Six components of a worldview
(Bl. 6 – 7 in die studiegids & Bl. 6 in Vidal)
28. Existential belief (metaphysical,
ontological) / Eksistensiële geloof
• Metaphysics refers to the ultimate
reality/Absolute realiteit
• Ontology is the study of reality/ realiteit
• Questions about metaphysics and ontology form
our model of reality as a whole.
• It encompasses questions like:
- What is?/ Wat is?
- What is the nature of our world and how does it
function? / Aard en funksionering van realiteit
- Why is there something instead of nothing? /
Waarom is daar 'n realiteit en nie niks nie?
29. Norms (epistemology, axiological and
praxeology) / Norme
• Epistemology - Component characterizes
truth, knowledge, logic, language and how it
is systemized according to our worldview /
Waarheid
• Axiology - This component should give
direction, a purpose, a set of goals to guide
our actions. Deals with values, morality and
ethics:
– What is the purpose/meaning of life?/ Wat is
die doel van die lewe?
– What is good and evil? / Wat is goed en boos?
– What are we working towards? / Wat wil ons
bereik?
• Praxeology - Implementation of our values in
our actions in order to solve practical
problems: How should we act?
30. View of humanity / Perspektief op die
mense
• Anthropology/ Antropologie
• Relates to questions regarding
humanity:
o What does it mean to be a human-being
and our relationship to society, culture,
ens / Wat is dit om 'n mens te wees?
o Life as pleasure, accumulation, sacrifice,
self-interest? / Lewe as genot,
akkumulasie, offer, self-belang?
31. Community (Sociological) / Gemeenskap
(Sosiologie)
• Sociology deals with questions
relating to society, the structure of
society, role and functions of
people/ Sosiologie en vrae oor die
samelewing.
• Society as atomistic, holistic,
transformative / Samelewing as
atomisties, holisties,
transformatief.
32. Nature (physics) / Natuur (fisika)
• Physical reality, nature,
environment / Fisiese realiteit,
natuur, omgewing
• Ecology / Ekologie
• Is nature used, controlled and
exploited or does it form part of
humanity? / Word natuur gebruik,
beheer en uitgeput of is die natuur
deel van die mens?
33. Time (Explanation and prediction) / Tyd
(verduidelik en voorspelling)
• Explains the phenomena of reality, answers to these
questions should explain how and why certain phenomena
exist:
o How did the universe originate?
o Where does it all come from?
o Why is the world the way it is?
• Entails possible futures and probable developments will take
place in our worldview.
o More than one possible outcome = leads us to make choices.
o Focuses on the future:
o Where are we going to?
o What is the fate of life in the universe?
• The function of time / Funksie van tyd
• Linear / evolution / revolution / circular
34. 1. What is the ultimate
reality?
2. What are the
principles for action?
3. What constitutes a
human-being?
4. What constitutes
community?
5. What is nature?
6. What is the view of
time?
35. 1. Wat is die uiteindelike
werklikheid?
2. Wat is die beginsels
van aksie?
3. Wat behels die
“mens”?
4. Wat behels die
gemeenskap?
5. Wat is die natuur?
6. Wat is die siening van
tyd?
36. 1. What is the ultimate reality?
Material / only atoms and substance
2. What are the principles for action?
Models / theories / hypothesis / experimental
3. What constitutes a human-being?
Atomistic / distinguishable parts / evolution
4. What constitutes community?
Individualistic
5. What is nature?
Studied / controlled
6. What is the view of time?
Linear / evolutionary
37. Groepopdrag / Group Assignment
2A
Analyse the worldview represented by the following
image according to the six criteria discussed.
Analiseer die wêreldbeskouing van die volgende prent
volgens die ses kriteria soos bespreek.
38. 1. What is the ultimate
reality?
2. What are the
principles for action?
3. What constitutes a
human-being?
4. What constitutes
community?
5. What is nature?
6. What is the view of
time?
39. 1. Wat is die uiteindelike
werklikheid?
2. Wat is die beginsels
van aksie?
3. Wat behels die
“mens”?
4. Wat behels die
gemeenskap?
5. Wat is die natuur?
6. Wat is die siening van
tyd?
40. Waarom is die studie van
wêreldbeskouings belangrik? / Why is the
study of worldviews important?
• Bewusmaking en
voorkoming / Awareness
and prevention
• Hoe kan mense bereik
word? / How can people
be reached?
41.
42. IDEOLOGIEË / IDEOLOGIES
• Definition: An ideology is an
• (1) absolutised idea about how the world
works
• (2) that motivates an oppressive and distorted
social system (including social norms, means,
and relations).
44. General characters of ideologies
• Two examples: Communism and Apartheid ...
• ... when laudable but absolutised goals become
ideological instruments that oppress people
46. Three dimensions are interrelated
• Ideology can begin in any one of the
dimensions, but usually in the practical
(practical-political dimension)
• From this starting point, all the other
dimensions come into place
47. Three dimensions are interrelated
• Practical: Unjust situation / domination leads
to an absolute goal (e.g. freedom).
• Obsession with goal leads to religious fervour
because goal will bring “utopia”
• Prescriptions for followers, interpretation of
their position and their requirements to reach
the goal (a systematic plan)
• Application of systematic ideas = return to
practical dimension
1
2
3
48. Ontwikkel een multikeuse vraag in Engels en Afrikaans
met vier keuses op PowerPoint en epos dit aan
goldberg.lecture@yahoo.com teen more 13:00.
Develop one multiple choice question in English and
Afrikaans with four choices on PowerPoint and email
it to goldberg.lecture@yahoo.com by tomorrow
13:00.
HOMEWORK (INDIVIDUAL)
49. 1. Can you use the concept worldview to distinguish
between different perspectives on the world
Agree completely/agree/don't know/disagree/disagree completely
2. Can you analyse a worldview?
Agree completely/agree/don't know/disagree/disagree completely
3. Do you know when a worldview becomes
dysfunctional?
Agree completely/agree/don't know/disagree/disagree completely
EVALUATION 1
50. Volgende Week
• Studie Eenheid 1.2:
– Die moderne Westerse wêreldbeskouing
– Die tradisionele Afrika wêreldbeskouing
– Christelike wêreldbeskouing
• Lees Bl. 6 – 7 van die studiegids & Bl. 35 – 84 van
die leesbundel.