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World Wide Web
- 1. The world wide web Presented by Naveen
- 2. The World Wide Web Introduction: The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) • A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items •A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer •Web 2.0 refers to Web sites that provide a means for users to interact
- 3. The World Wide Web: •A Web browser, or browser, allows users to access Web pages and Web 2.0 programs Internet Explorer Firefox Opera Safari Google Chrome
- 4. How the web works: The client-server model Client and server operate on machines which are able to communicate through a network The server waits for requests from a clients Server receives a requests from a client Performs a the requested work Or lookup the requested data And send a response to the client Servers: file servers, web servers, name servers Clients: browsers, email clients
- 5. The World Wide Web •A home page is the first page that a Web site displays •Web pages provide links to other related Web pages –Surfing the Web •Downloading is the process of receiving information
- 6. The World Wide Web •Two types of search tools are search engines and subject directories Search engine Finds information related to a specific topic Subject directory Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories
- 8. url format <scheme>://<server-domain-name>/<pathmane> <scheme> which protocol to use http: in general file: which tells the client document is in a local machine ftp: file transfer protocol <server-domain-name> identifies the server system i.e. www.doc.gold.ac.uk <pathname> tells the server where to find the file http://doc.gold.ac.uk/~username/index.html
- 9. Web browsers and servers A browser: is a program that can retrieve files from the world wide web and render text, images, or sounds encoded in the files. i.e. IE, Nescape, Mozilla A web server: is an application which waits for client requests, fetches requested documents from disk and transmits them the client. i.e Apache
- 10. What happened when you click on hyperlink? Determine URL and extract domaine name. Use the name server to get IP address (DNS) Make a TCP connect to port 80 And send a request for a web page once the server has accepted to connection. The server send the file and releases the TCP connection The client displays the document.
- 11. Cookies Request the browser to store a small data file (cookie) on the users hard disk. Which can serve to identify users only. For instance it could contain a key into a database on the server machine. Most browsers nowadays allow you to decide whether or not you want cookies on your machine.
- 12. What is an HTML File? HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language An HTML file is a text file containing small markup tags The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor
- 13. A basic document Every document should start with the following line <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN”> • There are three required elements, defined by the tags <html>, <head> and <body> <html> <head> <title>My Home Page</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome</h1> </body> </html>
- 14. ANY QUERIES?
- 15. Thank you