World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx

Long Term Causes of WWII
Treaty of Versailles
Economic Problems
Rise of Dictators
Alliances

Problems from the Treaty of Versailles
● Germans felt the peace terms at the end of WWI
were unfair & wanted to prove they were
powerful again.
○ Accepted responsibility for war
○ Paid reparations (war payments) 33 Billion!
○ Gave up colonies & land
○ Limited military & weapons

Economic Problems
● World- Great
Depression (starts in
US)
○ people lose
jobs/savings, prices
increase, etc
● Germany- had to pay
reparations to Allies
○ Started to print more
money
○ hyperinflation= money is
basically worthless

Germans are
desperate for a
leader that can
help solve their
problems....

Vocabulary Terms
1. Dictator- a leader who has complete power
2. Fascism- a type of government lead by a dictator
who controls with absolute force.
a. Usually emphasizes nationalism & militarism
3. Totalitarianism- a type of government that
attempts to control all aspects of people’s public
and private lives

After WWI, support for democracy
weakened as democratic
governments failed to meet the
needs of the people.
People wanted a strong leader to
make decisions for them & bring
their country back to prosperity...

Rise of the Dictators- Benito Mussolini
Country: Italy
Type of Gov: Fascism (1st fascist gov)
Nickname: Il Duce (The Leader)
Political Party: Italian Socialist
Party
Beliefs-

Rise of the Dictators- Adolf Hitler
Country: Germany
Type of Gov: Fascism
Nickname: Fuhrer (The
Guide/Leader)
Political Party: Nazi (National
Socialist German Workers’ Party)
Beliefs-

Rise of the Dictators- Joseph (Jughashvili) Stalin
Country: Soviet Union
Type of Gov: Totalitarian
Nickname: Stalin (Man of
Steel)
Political Party: Communist
Beliefs-

Allied Powers
Big Three: Britain, US, Soviet Union

Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan

Short Term Causes of WWI
Hitler’s Aggression & Failed Appeasement

Hitler’s Goals
1. Make Germany powerful again
○ Get rid of Treaty of Versailles restrictions
2. Eliminate Jewish people
○ Blamed them for Germany’s problems
3. Establish a German Empire known as
the “Third Reich”
○ Expand German land
○ More German people (Aryans)

Hitler’s Aggression:
Hitler did 5 things that went
against the Treaty of
Versailles before Britain and
France declared war on
Germany
Appeasement: giving
into someone’s
demands to avoid war
● Britain and France
appeased Hitler because
they didn’t want to have
another world war.
● Hitler continued to go
against the treaty
because he knew Britain
& France wouldn’t stop
him

1st Thing- March 1936: Hitler Sends Troops to the Rhineland
According to T.O.V, Rhineland
(part of Germany next to
France) was not supposed to
have German troops but Hitler
sent troops there.
Threatened France

2nd Thing- March 1938: Hitler Annexed Austria (Anschluss)
Annex: to take over another
place
Hitler wanted to make Third
Reich & expand Germany to
include all Aryan people.
Aryans in Austria.
Anschluss- union between
Germany & Austria

3rd Thing- Hitler Wants Sudetenland
Sudetenland: part of
Czechoslovakia where German
people lived.
Hitler wanted it as part of Third
Reich.
Czech. Didn’t want to give up
land. Asked Britain & France for
help

Munich Conference
British & French leaders met with Hitler.
Appeasement
They said Hitler could have Sudetenland if
he promised to not take all of
Czechoslovakia. Hitler promised…but lied
Chamberlain proclaims “Peace in our
time”...

4th Thing- March 1939: Hitler Takes All of Czechoslovakia
Hitler invades Czechoslovakia
Britain and France still do not
declare war

5th Thing- Sept 1939: Hitler Invades Poland (Last straw)
Hitler invades Poland because
part of this land use to be
Germany
Hitler does not think Britain or
France will act
Britain & France declare war on
Germany!

September 3, 1939: WWII Officially Begins!

World War II Begins
Axis Expansion
Battle of Britain
Invasion of Soviet Union
America Joins WWII

Alliances at the Start of WWII
Allied Powers
Britain
France
China
Axis Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
**Soviet Union not apart of Axis
Powers but signed agreement not to
invade Germany

Axis Expansion: Asia
● Japan attacked China in
1930s before WWII started
in Europe
● Next, attacked Southeast
Asia
○ Goal: build a Japanese
empire in the Pacific &
get resources

Axis Expansion: Europe
● Poland: Hitler invades
from west, then Stalin
invades from the east
○ Less than a month,
Poland divided
between Germany &
Soviet Union.

Axis Expansion: Europe 1940
● Denmark: invaded entire
country in 6 hours!!
● Norway: invasion lasted 2
months
● Netherlands: country
surrendered in 5 days
● Belgium: country
surrendered in 5 days
Predict how Germany was able to invade countries so quickly
● France: Germany & Italy
attacked France. Took
control in 2 months.
○ One of the major
Allies is taken out!

Blitzkrieg
“Lightning war”
Germany military strategy used
to create disorganization in
enemy.
● Air raids (bombing) quickly
followed by land forces &
tanks

Battle of Britain
● After France, Hitler turned his attention to Britain
○ British invasion would bring quick end to war
○ German air force (Luftwaffe) sent to destroy British air
force (RAF)
■ 1st Luftwaffe bombed airfields. RAF knew when
attacks were coming because of radar & fought back
○ Next, Luftwaffe bombed cities to try to get Britain to
surrender. They did not
■ After several months, Hitler gave up & turned
attention to Soviet Union...

● Aug 1939: Hitler & Stalin
signed Non Aggression
Pact, promising not to
attack each other
○ Ensured Hitler wouldn’t
have to fight two-front
war in WWII like they
did in WWI
○ Stalin got land

● June 22, 1941: Hitler breaks
pact & invades Soviet
Union
● Soviet Union joins Allied
Powers

America Joins the War
● At the start of WWII, US remained
neutral
● President of US, Franklin Delano
Roosevelt saw Germany as a threat.
● US helps Britain:
○ US sells goods to Britain for cash &
Brit ship goods themselves
○ Lend Lease Act: allowed Britain to
borrow weapons from US

America Joins the War
US upsets Japan
● US had colonies in
Southeast Asia where Japan
was expanding
● FDR blocked Japanese from
getting $$ out of American
banks & stopped selling
resources to Japan

Bombing of Pearl Harbor
● Dec 7, 1941
● Pearl Harbor- naval base in Hawaii
● Japanese surprise attack!
● Japanese destroyed many battleships &
planes
● Killed 2,300 soldiers, sailors & civilians
● Outraged US people
● Impact: U.S. declares war on Japan &
enters WWII

Remember Hitler’s Goals...
1. Make Germany powerful again
2. Eliminate Jews
3. Establish a German Empire known as the “Third
Reich”

Important Vocabulary
1. Genocide: deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural
group
2. Holocaust: “sacrifice by fire” a mass slaughter of Jews,
non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally &
physically disabled. Carried out by Nazi gov in German
before & during WWII
a. Killed 6 million Jews (⅔ European Jews)
b. 200,000 Gypsies
c. 200,00 mentally & physically handicapped

Types of People during the Holocaust
Nazis: group that carried out the Holocaust
Victims: people/groups targeted by the Nazis
Collaborators: people who worked with the Nazis
Deniers: people who didn’t believe survivor stories, pretended it
wasn’t happening.
Righteous Among Nations: Non-Jewish people who helped
protect Jews during Holocaust

How did it start?
Nuremberg Laws
1935: set of laws prohibiting Jewish people from…
● Working in gov
● Being German citizens
● Going to school
● Marrying non-Jewish people
Laws forced Jews to…
● Wear yellow Star of David
● Register all property with gov

How did it start?
Concentration camps start to open 1937
Concentration camp: prison camp. Conditions were
inhuman & prisoners were generally starved or worked to death
or killed immediately.

How did it start?
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass”
Nov 9, 1938
Mobs destroyed Jewish
property & terrorized
Jewish people throughout
Germany

Goal of Nuremburg Laws & Kristallnacht was to
get Jewish people to move out of Germany.
But… other countries around Germany limited
immigration of Jews.
So Nazis had to do something else to get rid of
Jews...

Next step...
Jewish Ghettos
Sections of towns/cities where
Jewish people were forced to
live.
● Poor conditions
● Crowded
● Unsanitary
● Not enough food
● Degraded by Nazi guards

Next step...
Einsatzgruppen
Mobile killing squads.
Group of Nazis lined up & shot
entire Jewish communities

Goal of ghettos was to get Jewish people to
suffer/die off because of poor conditions.
But according to Hitler, they weren’t dying fast
enough.
So Nazis had to do something else to eliminate
Jews...

Last step...
Final Solution
Transport men,women and
children in cattle cars to death
camps where most prisoners
were…
● Starved to death
● Worked to death
● Gassed
● Shot
● Cruel medical experiments
Auschwitz-Birkenau largest death camp.

Last step...
Final Solution
● Hitler’s program of
systematically killing the
entire Jewish population
(Please draw an arrow from
this section of your notes and
write the defintion on the
bottom of the page, I’m so
sorry I forgot this!!!)
Auschwitz-Birkenau largest death camp.

Camp Liberation & Death Marches
As the Allied forces were pushing into Western Europe…
● Surviving prisoners forced on death marches to
evacuate camps
○ Didn’t want prisoners alive, sharing stories with Allies
● As Allies pushed into Germany..started liberating
camps
○ Allied soldiers had no idea about the Holocaust
until they saw the camps

After the war ended...
● People were displaced all over Europe
● Families torn apart.
○ Tried to locate family/friends
● Many Jewish people moved to Israel which was a
country created after WWII as a safe haven for
Jewish people

The Death Toll
Jewish
6 million Jews
○ over 3 million killed in
death camps
● 90% of Jewish
population of Poland,
Baltic countries and
Germany were killed
● 2 out of 3 Jews in
Europe were killed
Non-Jewish
estimated 9 -10 million non-Jews
killed
● Roma (Gypsies)
● Leading citizens among
slavic peoples (clergy, civic
leaders, intellectuals, judges,
etc)
● Poles, Ukrainians,
Belorussians

Dachau
Concentration
Camp Photos
Taken by Denise Flahive
May 2009
1st concentration camp ever open

Foundation of original barracks

Watchtower & Barbed Wire fence

WWII- American Minorities
Japanese Internment Camps
Navajo Code Talkers
Zoot Suit Riots
Tuskegee Airmen
Women & Children

Japanese Internment Vocabulary
Internment camp: prison camp to keep wartime enemies,
prisoners of war or political prisoners in.

Japanese Americans Before Pearl Harbor
● 1940: 127,000 Japanese
living in US
○ Mostly lived on West
Coast
○ ⅓ born in Japan
○ Some states wouldn’t
let them own land,
vote or become US
citizens

Where we left off in WWII...
December 7, 1941: Japan
surprise attacks Pearl Harbor!
● Outcomes:
1. US declares war on
Japan, enters WWII
2. US views Japanese
Americans as the
“enemy race”

Japanese Americans After Pearl Harbor
Racial prejudice spread
through US.
Rumors that Japanese
Americans would sabotage
US war effort against Japan.
The same did not happen for
German Americans or Italian
Americans

Japanese Relocated
Feb 19, 1942: President FDR
signs Executive Order 9066-
required all Japanese
Americans living in the West
Coast (120,000) to move to 1
of 10 internment camps in
the US

Deportation to Camps
● People forced to sell
property for little $$
before leaving for camps
● Couldn’t bring much with
them to camps

Life in the Camps- Families
● Changed traditional
family structure: only
American-born kids could
hold positions of
authority
● Families lived in barrack
style housing & ate
together in mess halls.

Life in the Camps: School & work
● Children were expected
to attend school in the
camps
● Adults had option of
working at camp for $5 a
day
○ Mostly farming but
soil was bad

Life in the Camps: Government
● Elected representatives to
speak with US gov
officials about camp
issues
○ Did little to help
● Organized recreational
activities for people

Life in the Camps: Hard Times
● Too cold in winter, too
hot in summer
● Food: mass produced,
army style
● If people tried to flee
camp they would be shot
by soldier in the
watchtowers

Japanese Americans in the Military
● 3,600 Japanese Amer
from West Coast &
22,000 others signed up
for military service
● 442nd Regimental
Combat Team: all-
Japanese, won many
medals for fighting in
Italy & Germany
Japanese Relocation &
Military Service Video

Camps Close
Beginning in 1945: some were allowed
to return home (in ruins)
Last camp closed March 1946 (after
WWII ended)
1948: US gov reimbursed for property
losses
1988- Congress gave $20,000 to camp
survivors

US enters WWII
American troops soon
learned that the Japanese
cryptographers are skilled at
breaking US military secret
codes, resulting in heavy
losses for American forces.
US searched for a new
“unbreakable” code...

Navajo Language
Very complex!
Only people that could speak
were on reservations.
“Hidden Language” No
written language or alphabet

The Men
Recruited 30 Navajo men
● Physically fit
● Bilingual- Navajo &
English
Attended basic training to
prepare for war as field
messenger

The Code
At training Navajo created
new military code
transmitted in their language
so Japanese couldn’t figure it
out.
● Short words
● Easy to learn
● Quick to recall
● 2 part code
○ 26-letter alphabet
based on animal names
and other language
sounds
○ 211 English vocabulary
& Navajo equivalent
Japanese cryptographers
were never able to break
the Navajo code

Navajo Code Talkers
Navajo Code Talkers were
efficient & successful on the
battle ground.
Some code talkers were
mistaken for Japanese
enemies and almost killed!
Commenting on the Marines’ Iwo Jima landing, Major Howard Conner,
the Fifth Marine Division’s Signal Officer, said that ‘The
entire operation was directed by
Navajo code. . . . During the two
days that followed the initial
landings I had six Navajo radio
nets working around the clock. . .
They sent and received over 800
messages without an error. Were
it not for the Navajo Code
Talkers, the Marines never would
have taken Iwo Jima.’

Coming Home from the War
● Some went to college
● Many returned to reservations
but work was hard to find
● 1971: President Reagan
thanked N.C.T for their
“patriotism, resourcefulness &
courage”
● Few are still alive today

American Women During WWII- The Homefront
● Worked in factories & defense plants
● Volunteered at war-related organizations
● Managed households
○ Took on “men’s work” when men were drafted to war
● Wrote letters to soldiers, saved items for war effort, planted
victory gardens, etc.

All American Girls Professional Baseball League
They even played baseball!

American Women During WWII- The Military
● 350,000 women served at home & abroad
○ Nurses, WASPS, WAVES, etc.
○ Took office jobs in the army to free up men to fight
○ Drove trucks, repaired airplanes, worked as lab
technicians, rigged parachutes, radio operators, analyzed
photos, flew military aircrafts across country, etc.

When WWII ended...
Women were expected to give up their jobs for men returning
home from war & go back to being homemakers.

Women During WWI- Other Countries
● Germany: Hitler said the role of women was to stay at home
to be good wives & mothers and to have more babies for the
Third Reich
● Japan all single women (not just poor) over 15 were required
to work in factories in 1943. Married women were
encouraged to work. Not as many workers as US.
● Soviet Union: women worked & served in the military
(mostly nurses but some fought as snipers, machine gunners,
pilots, & tank crew members)

Zoot Suit Riots
Los Angeles, California
1943

LA before WWII
Many different groups moved to the city
● Mexican refugees escaping Mexican Revolution
● Landless white farmers escaping drought-plagued plains
● African Americans from the South looking for jobs
● Japanese Americans living on the West Coast

LA During WWII
● When US entered WWII, white men fought, women & racial
minorities took jobs.
● Japanese Americans sent to internment camps
● Many on West Coast thought they were vulnerable to an
attack from Japan
○ Set up key military locations between San Diego & LA
■ 50,000 servicemen in LA
● Jazz became popular- challenged segregation at the time by
mixing races in clubs

Zoot Suit
Bold & loud style
Symbolized crime in LA involving
Mexican Americans.
Whites saw Mexican Americans as
delinquents who went against American
values
White servicemen & Mexicans began to
clash

Zoot Suit Riots
June 1943: more than a week
long fight between white
servicemen & Mexican
American boys
● Mexican American
communities were targeted,
shops were destroyed
● Police did nothing to stop
the violence

Riots End
Sailors not allowed to go into
LA
Army arrest for disorderly
conduct
No one could wear Zoot Suits
Riots based on racism

African Americans
in WWII
“The world’s greatest
democracy fought the
world’s greatest racist with a
segregated army”
(Ambrose, Citizen Soldier)

African Americans in WWII
● US Army segregated during WWII
● 1.2 million African American men &
women served in the US, Europe &
the Pacific
● African American numbers grew in
the Army, Navy, Marines, Air Force
& Coast Guard

African Americans in WWII
● Beginning of War
○ Most assigned service duties & non-combatant units
■ Transportation, supply, maintenance, etc.
● Towards end of war (1945)
○ African Americans assigned troops as infantry, pilots,
tankers, medics, and officers
■ Even fought on D-Day
■ Famous group: Tuskegee Airmen

Tuskegee Airmen
1st African American military
aviators
● 996 pilots
● 15,000 ground personnel
● Red Tails
● 150 Distinguished Flying
Crosses
● Victories helped desegregate
army after WWII History Channel Video

After the War
Army was desegregated.
Segregation & racism continued in US but African American
involvement in the WWII war effort helped spark the civil rights
movement in the 1950s.

Fighting In Europe Ends
D-Day
Battle of the Bulge
VE Day

Germany Retreats
1944: Allies prepare to invade Germany, Japan & Italy
June 6, 1914: D-day
● Allied forces invade Nazi-occupied France on the beaches of
Normandy
● Largest amphibious invasion in history
● Soldiers crossed English Channel on ships then had to storm
the beaches heavily protected by the Nazis.
○ Many died but mission was successful!

Allies Advance in Europe
After landing in France, the Allies
launched an attack against
Germany.
● US troops moved through France with
tanks
● British troops moved along coast to
Belgium
● German forces experienced pressured
on both sides & retreated to Germany
● August 25, 1944: Allies liberated Paris

Battle of the Bulge
December 1944: Germany’s last
attempt to push through Allied
troops
● German troops advanced &
Allies were pushed back into a
bulge formation
● Allies eventually won &
pushed Germans all the way
back to Germany

Soviet Union
End of 1944: Soviet Union
drove German troops out &
across Poland
Feb 1945: Soviet troops entered
Berlin (capital of Germany)

V-E Day
April 30, 1945: Adolf Hitler
commits suicide
May 7, 1945: Germany
surrenders, WWII in Europe
ends!
● Known as Victory in Europe
(V-E) Day

Fighting In The Pacific & WWII Ends
Island Hopping
Major Allied Victories
Atomic Bomb
Japan Surrenders

Island Hopping
Island Hopping: strategy
used by US during
WWII in the Pacific
Involved attacking
certain key Pacific
islands on the way to
Japan

Major Allied Victories In the Pacific
1. Battle of Midway: turned the
tide of the war in the Pacific
a. Stopped the Japanese from
advancing further
throughout the Pacific
b. Put Japan on defense & US
on offense
c. US broke Japan’s code
d. US used aircraft carriers to
destroy Japan’s navy

2. Iwo Jima
a. US needed base near Japanese
coast
b. Amphibious invasion
c. Defended by 23,000 Japanese
i. Caves, dug outs, tunnels- hard
to find
ii. Japanese told not to
surrender, nearly all died
History Channel Video: Iwo Jima

3. Okinawa
a. Last & biggest WWII Pacific battle
b. Involved 287,000 US & 130,000
Japanese
c. US wanted air bases which were
crucial to invading Japan
d. Bloodbath
e. 82 day battle
f. Japan lost 77,000 & US lost 65,000
History Channel: Okinawa

Japan Becomes Desperate
Most of Japanese airforce & navy
was destroyed & Americans started
bombing Japanese cities
● Became desperate but refused to
surrender
Kamikaze: suicide pilots. Crash
planes loaded with explosives in
aircraft carriers

Secret Weapon
Manhattan Project
● Since 1941: American
engineers & scientist
working on 1st atomic
weapon
● Los Alamos, New Mexico
● Finished weapon in 1945

Critical Decision
April 1945: FDR died, Harry Truman
became President
Learned of secret project & had to decide
● Risk lives of many Americans by
invading Japan
● Kill thousands of innocent Japanese
people by dropping atomic bomb to
end war

Critical Decision
Truman ordered Japan to
surrender unconditionally
Japan refused
Truman ordered atomic bomb
to be dropped

1st Atomic Bomb
August 6, 1945
● Enola Gay dropped atomic bomb
on Hiroshima
● 80,000-120,000 Japanese died in the
explosion
● Thousands more died after because
of burns & radiation poisoning
● Japan still did not surrender

2nd Atomic Bomb
August 9, 1945
● The Boxcar dropped another
atomic bomb on Nagasaki
● 35,000-74,000 Japanese died in the
explosion
● Thousands more died after because
of burns & radiation poisoning
● Japan surrendered September 2
1945

Atomic Bombs
Nagasaki
Hiroshima

Effects of WWII
Casualties
Cost
Criminals
Commitment to Peace

Casualties
● More than 70 million
fought
● More than 55 million died
○ Soviet Union: 22 million
○ Germany: 8 million
○ Japan: 2 million
○ US: 300,000

Cost
● Most expensive war in history!
○ $4.1 trillion (today)
○ Destructive, countries had to
rebuild
■ Germany, Britain, Japan,
France had to rebuild
● US and Soviet Union became the
2 most powerful nations
(superpowers) Superpower: very powerful & influential nation

War Criminals
● Nuremberg Trials: Nazis
leaders put on trial for
“crimes against humanity” &
“pursuing aggressive war”
● War trials held in Japan too

Commitment to Peace
● United Nations created
○ goal: solve
international problems
peacefully

World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx

Similar to World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (12)

World War post war prosperity is a II.pptx

Editor's Notes