Wind Turbine :- Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two millennia wind-powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. Wind power was widely available and not confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources of fuel. Wind-powered pumps drained the polders of the Netherlands, and in arid regions such as the American mid-west or the Australian outback, wind pumps provided water for live stock and steam engines. The first windmill used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by Prof James Blyth of Anderson\'s College, Glasgow ( the precursor of Strathclyde University ) . Blyth\'s 10 m high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the world to have its electricity supplied by wind power. Blyth offered the surplus electricity to the people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they thought electricity was \"the work of the devil.\" Although he later built a wind turbine to supply emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary of Montrose the invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable. Across the Atlantic, in Cleveland, Ohio a larger and heavily engineered machine was designed and constructed in the winter of 1887 – 1888 by Charles F. Brush, this was built by his engineering company at his home and operated from 1886 until 1900. The Brush wind turbine had a rotor 17 m ( 56 foot ) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 m ( 60 foot ) tower. Although large by today\'s standards, the machine was only rated at 12 kW. The connected dynamo was used either to charge a bank of batteries or to operate up to 100 incandescent light bulbs, three arc lamps, and various motors in Brush\'s laboratory. With the development of electric power, wind power found new applications in lighting buildings remote from centrally-generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths developed small wind stations suitable for farms or residences, and larger utility-scale wind generators that could be connected to electricity grids for remote use of power. Today wind powered generators operate in every size range between tiny stations for battery charging at isolated residences, up to near-gigawatt sized offshore wind farms that provide electricity to national electrical networks. PHOTO VOLTAIC POWER PLANT :- In August 2006 there was widespread news coverage in the United Kingdom of the major high street electrical retailers (Currys) decision to stock PV modules, manufactured by Sharp, at a cost of £1,000 per module. The retailer also provides an installation service. The introduction of the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) in 2010 saw ra.

1. Wind Turbine :-
Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two
millennia wind-powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. Wind power was
widely available and not confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources
of fuel. Wind-powered pumps drained the polders of the Netherlands, and in arid regions such as
the American mid-west or the Australian outback, wind pumps provided water for live stock and
steam engines.
The first windmill used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by
Prof James Blyth of Anderson's College, Glasgow ( the precursor of Strathclyde University ) .
Blyth's 10 m high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at
Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman
Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the
world to have its electricity supplied by wind power. Blyth offered the surplus electricity to the
people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they
thought electricity was "the work of the devil." Although he later built a wind turbine to supply
emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary of Montrose the
invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable.
Across the Atlantic, in Cleveland, Ohio a larger and heavily engineered machine was designed
and constructed in the winter of 1887 – 1888 by Charles F. Brush, this was built by his
engineering company at his home and operated from 1886 until 1900. The Brush wind turbine
had a rotor 17 m ( 56 foot ) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 m ( 60 foot ) tower. Although
large by today's standards, the machine was only rated at 12 kW. The connected dynamo was
used either to charge a bank of batteries or to operate up to 100 incandescent light bulbs, three
arc lamps, and various motors in Brush's laboratory.
With the development of electric power, wind power found new applications in lighting
buildings remote from centrally-generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths
developed small wind stations suitable for farms or residences, and larger utility-scale wind
generators that could be connected to electricity grids for remote use of power. Today wind
powered generators operate in every size range between tiny stations for battery charging at
isolated residences, up to near-gigawatt sized offshore wind farms that provide electricity to
national electrical networks.
PHOTO VOLTAIC POWER PLANT :-
In August 2006 there was widespread news coverage in the United Kingdom of the major high
street electrical retailers (Currys) decision to stock PV modules, manufactured by Sharp, at a cost
of £1,000 per module. The retailer also provides an installation service.

2. The introduction of the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) in 2010 saw rapid growth of the UK photovoltaic
market, with many thousands of domestic installations along with numerous commercial,
community and industrial projects. On 13 July 2011, construction of the largest solar park in the
United Kingdom was completed in Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire. The 4.9 MW free-field
system was built just in seven weeks after being granted planning permission. The system will
generate an estimated 4,860 MW·h of electricity (an average power of 560 kW) into the national
grid each year. There are several other examples of 4–5 MW field arrays of photovoltaics in the
UK, including the 5 MW Langage Solar Park, the 5 MW Westmill Solar Farm, the 4.51 MW
Marsten Solar Farm and Toyota's 4.6 MW plant in Burnaston, Derbyshire. The cuts to the feed
in tariff made in the fast track review announced by DECC on 9 June 2011 mean that large
arrays of solar photovoltaics are now a much less attractive investment opportunity for
developers (especially for projects greater than 250 kW), so large field arrays such as these are
unlikely to be built beyond the 1 August 2011 cut off date, at least not until 2012, when PV
prices reduce somewhat - a utility scale solar farm is paid 8.9 p/kWhr generated.
The first solar park in Wales came on stream in 2011 at Rhosygilwen, north Pembrokeshire. As
of June 2014 there were 18 schemes generating more than 5 MW and 34 in planning or
construction.
Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of
reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a Feed-in tariff (FIT)
subsidy in April 2010. At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United
Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW).[8] By February
2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW.[9] In 2012, the government said that 4
million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years.[5] The government
expects Britain to have 22 gigawatts of installed solar power capacity by 2020.
The first large solar farm in the United Kingdom, a 32 MW solar farm, began construction in
November 2012. It is located in Leicestershire, and is expected to be completed before April
2013, when the feed in tariff for large systems will be reduced. It is located between the runways
of the former military airfield, Wymeswold.
At the end of September 2013, IKEA announced that solar panel packages for houses will be
sold at 17 United Kingdom IKEA stores by the end of July 2014. The decision followed a
successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store, whereby one photovoltaic (PV) system was
sold almost every day. The panels are manufactured by the Chinese company Hanergy.
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT :-
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants use mirrors to concentrate sunlight on toa receiver,
which collects and transfers the solar energy to a heat transfer fluidthat can be used to supply
heat for end-use applications or to generate electricity through conventional steam turbines.

3. Large CSP plants can be equipped witha heat storage system to allow for heat supply or
electricity generation at nightor when the sky is cloudy. There are four CSP plant variants,
namely:ParabolicTrough,Fresnel Reflector,Solar TowerandSolar Dish,which differ dependingon
the design, configuration of mirrors and receivers, heat transfer fluid used andwhether or not heat
storage is involved. The first three types are used mostlyfor power plants in centralised
electricity generation, with the parabolic troughsystem being the most commercially mature
technology. Solar dishes are moresuitable for distributed generation
Eight units have a capacity of 1.5 GW in western united states
Solution
Wind Turbine :-
Wind power has been used as long as humans have put sails into the wind. For more than two
millennia wind-powered machines have ground grain and pumped water. Wind power was
widely available and not confined to the banks of fast-flowing streams, or later, requiring sources
of fuel. Wind-powered pumps drained the polders of the Netherlands, and in arid regions such as
the American mid-west or the Australian outback, wind pumps provided water for live stock and
steam engines.
The first windmill used for the production of electricity was built in Scotland in July 1887 by
Prof James Blyth of Anderson's College, Glasgow ( the precursor of Strathclyde University ) .
Blyth's 10 m high, cloth-sailed wind turbine was installed in the garden of his holiday cottage at
Marykirk in Kincardineshire and was used to charge accumulators developed by the Frenchman
Camille Alphonse Faure, to power the lighting in the cottage, thus making it the first house in the
world to have its electricity supplied by wind power. Blyth offered the surplus electricity to the
people of Marykirk for lighting the main street, however, they turned down the offer as they
thought electricity was "the work of the devil." Although he later built a wind turbine to supply
emergency power to the local Lunatic Asylum, Infirmary and Dispensary of Montrose the
invention never really caught on as the technology was not considered to be economically viable.
Across the Atlantic, in Cleveland, Ohio a larger and heavily engineered machine was designed
and constructed in the winter of 1887 – 1888 by Charles F. Brush, this was built by his
engineering company at his home and operated from 1886 until 1900. The Brush wind turbine
had a rotor 17 m ( 56 foot ) in diameter and was mounted on an 18 m ( 60 foot ) tower. Although
large by today's standards, the machine was only rated at 12 kW. The connected dynamo was
used either to charge a bank of batteries or to operate up to 100 incandescent light bulbs, three
arc lamps, and various motors in Brush's laboratory.
With the development of electric power, wind power found new applications in lighting

4. buildings remote from centrally-generated power. Throughout the 20th century parallel paths
developed small wind stations suitable for farms or residences, and larger utility-scale wind
generators that could be connected to electricity grids for remote use of power. Today wind
powered generators operate in every size range between tiny stations for battery charging at
isolated residences, up to near-gigawatt sized offshore wind farms that provide electricity to
national electrical networks.
PHOTO VOLTAIC POWER PLANT :-
In August 2006 there was widespread news coverage in the United Kingdom of the major high
street electrical retailers (Currys) decision to stock PV modules, manufactured by Sharp, at a cost
of £1,000 per module. The retailer also provides an installation service.
The introduction of the Feed-in-Tariff (FiT) in 2010 saw rapid growth of the UK photovoltaic
market, with many thousands of domestic installations along with numerous commercial,
community and industrial projects. On 13 July 2011, construction of the largest solar park in the
United Kingdom was completed in Newark-on-Trent in Nottinghamshire. The 4.9 MW free-field
system was built just in seven weeks after being granted planning permission. The system will
generate an estimated 4,860 MW·h of electricity (an average power of 560 kW) into the national
grid each year. There are several other examples of 4–5 MW field arrays of photovoltaics in the
UK, including the 5 MW Langage Solar Park, the 5 MW Westmill Solar Farm, the 4.51 MW
Marsten Solar Farm and Toyota's 4.6 MW plant in Burnaston, Derbyshire. The cuts to the feed
in tariff made in the fast track review announced by DECC on 9 June 2011 mean that large
arrays of solar photovoltaics are now a much less attractive investment opportunity for
developers (especially for projects greater than 250 kW), so large field arrays such as these are
unlikely to be built beyond the 1 August 2011 cut off date, at least not until 2012, when PV
prices reduce somewhat - a utility scale solar farm is paid 8.9 p/kWhr generated.
The first solar park in Wales came on stream in 2011 at Rhosygilwen, north Pembrokeshire. As
of June 2014 there were 18 schemes generating more than 5 MW and 34 in planning or
construction.
Solar power use has increased very rapidly in recent years, albeit from a small base, as a result of
reductions in the cost of photovoltaic (PV) panels, and the introduction of a Feed-in tariff (FIT)
subsidy in April 2010. At the end of 2011, there were 230,000 solar power projects in the United
Kingdom, with a total installed generating capacity of 750 megawatts (MW).[8] By February
2012 the installed capacity had reached 1,000 MW.[9] In 2012, the government said that 4
million homes across the UK will be powered by the sun within eight years.[5] The government
expects Britain to have 22 gigawatts of installed solar power capacity by 2020.
The first large solar farm in the United Kingdom, a 32 MW solar farm, began construction in
November 2012. It is located in Leicestershire, and is expected to be completed before April

5. 2013, when the feed in tariff for large systems will be reduced. It is located between the runways
of the former military airfield, Wymeswold.
At the end of September 2013, IKEA announced that solar panel packages for houses will be
sold at 17 United Kingdom IKEA stores by the end of July 2014. The decision followed a
successful pilot project at the Lakeside IKEA store, whereby one photovoltaic (PV) system was
sold almost every day. The panels are manufactured by the Chinese company Hanergy.
CONCENTRATING SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT :-
Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants use mirrors to concentrate sunlight on toa receiver,
which collects and transfers the solar energy to a heat transfer fluidthat can be used to supply
heat for end-use applications or to generate electricity through conventional steam turbines.
Large CSP plants can be equipped witha heat storage system to allow for heat supply or
electricity generation at nightor when the sky is cloudy. There are four CSP plant variants,
namely:ParabolicTrough,Fresnel Reflector,Solar TowerandSolar Dish,which differ dependingon
the design, configuration of mirrors and receivers, heat transfer fluid used andwhether or not heat
storage is involved. The first three types are used mostlyfor power plants in centralised
electricity generation, with the parabolic troughsystem being the most commercially mature
technology. Solar dishes are moresuitable for distributed generation
Eight units have a capacity of 1.5 GW in western united states