The document discusses wind turbine safety and emergency response procedures. It describes how wind turbines work to generate electricity from wind power and some common emergency situations like fires and injuries. It provides details on the confined interior spaces of wind turbines and challenges for emergency responders. Standard operating procedures and specialized equipment are necessary for any high-angle rescues or fires that may occur at significant heights within the wind turbine structure.
This document discusses handheld ignition devices and ignition patterns used for prescribed burns. It describes the drip torch and fusee ignition devices, covering their functions, fuels, durations, and important safety procedures. It then explains common ignition patterns like backfire, flank fire, and head fire. It emphasizes the importance of safety briefings, having an ignition plan, and effective communication during prescribed burns.
Lightning protection 1 by ambuj mishraAmbuj Mishra
The document discusses lightning protection systems. It begins by defining lightning and explaining the anatomy of a lightning stroke. It then discusses why lightning protection is needed, especially for tall structures, areas with many people, and essential services. The main concepts of protection systems are explained, showing how air terminals intercept lightning and send current to ground electrodes via down conductors. The key components of protection systems - air terminals, down conductors, earth terminals, and earth electrodes - are defined along with their purposes and minimum specifications according to standards. Examples are given of calculating protection needs according to criteria like flash density. Finally, layout and section details of a sample lightning protection installation are presented.
This document discusses handheld ignition devices and ignition patterns used for prescribed burns. It describes the drip torch and fusee, how to safely use each, and common ignition patterns like backfire, flank fire, and strip fire. Safety is the top priority, and the briefing covers the plan, safety procedures, ignition organization, and importance of communication during the burn.
This presentation discusses lightning protection systems and includes the following key points:
1) Lightning is a significant risk, accounting for 21% of insurance claims for damage. Proper protection systems are an essential risk management element.
2) Lightning forms through the buildup of negative charges in clouds and positive charges on the ground, resulting in a stepped leader and visible flash when the charges meet.
3) A complete lightning protection system takes a 4 step approach of defining protection areas, creating an earthing system, protecting power lines, and protecting communication lines.
4) Electrical field modeling software is used to design air terminal placements to adequately protect structures according to risk assessment standards.
The document discusses the components and operation of wind turbines. The major components of a commercial wind turbine are the tower, rotor, shafts, gearbox, generator, sensors, and safety systems. Ultrasonic anemometers are used to measure wind speed and direction. The aerodynamic design of the turbine blade influences the amount of energy captured from the wind. Larger turbines require designs to limit power and speed for safety. Pitch and stall controls are used to regulate power output.
The document discusses various safety issues related to wind farms and wind turbine maintenance. It notes that Illinois has experienced significant wind farm growth and will rely heavily on wind power to meet renewable energy goals. It then outlines several safety standards and regulations that apply to wind farms. It also identifies some specific safety hazards observed at wind farms, such as electrical hazards, fall hazards, confined space entry, fire risks, and issues related to tower erection and maintenance.
Fire dampers and smoke dampers serve different purposes to protect buildings from fire and smoke. Fire dampers are activated by heat and close to prevent the spread of flames through ductwork. Smoke dampers are activated by smoke detectors and close to prevent the spread of smoke. Combination fire/smoke dampers serve both purposes by closing upon detection of heat or smoke. Proper installation of these dampers according to code standards is important for effective compartmentalization of buildings and life safety in the event of a fire.
This certificate was awarded to Salim Gutammohmed Solanki for completing an occupational health, safety, and environment program on October 16, 2014. The certificate of attainment recognizes Salim's completion of the program components, which are detailed on a separately issued certificate.
This document discusses handheld ignition devices and ignition patterns used for prescribed burns. It describes the drip torch and fusee ignition devices, covering their functions, fuels, durations, and important safety procedures. It then explains common ignition patterns like backfire, flank fire, and head fire. It emphasizes the importance of safety briefings, having an ignition plan, and effective communication during prescribed burns.
Lightning protection 1 by ambuj mishraAmbuj Mishra
The document discusses lightning protection systems. It begins by defining lightning and explaining the anatomy of a lightning stroke. It then discusses why lightning protection is needed, especially for tall structures, areas with many people, and essential services. The main concepts of protection systems are explained, showing how air terminals intercept lightning and send current to ground electrodes via down conductors. The key components of protection systems - air terminals, down conductors, earth terminals, and earth electrodes - are defined along with their purposes and minimum specifications according to standards. Examples are given of calculating protection needs according to criteria like flash density. Finally, layout and section details of a sample lightning protection installation are presented.
This document discusses handheld ignition devices and ignition patterns used for prescribed burns. It describes the drip torch and fusee, how to safely use each, and common ignition patterns like backfire, flank fire, and strip fire. Safety is the top priority, and the briefing covers the plan, safety procedures, ignition organization, and importance of communication during the burn.
This presentation discusses lightning protection systems and includes the following key points:
1) Lightning is a significant risk, accounting for 21% of insurance claims for damage. Proper protection systems are an essential risk management element.
2) Lightning forms through the buildup of negative charges in clouds and positive charges on the ground, resulting in a stepped leader and visible flash when the charges meet.
3) A complete lightning protection system takes a 4 step approach of defining protection areas, creating an earthing system, protecting power lines, and protecting communication lines.
4) Electrical field modeling software is used to design air terminal placements to adequately protect structures according to risk assessment standards.
The document discusses the components and operation of wind turbines. The major components of a commercial wind turbine are the tower, rotor, shafts, gearbox, generator, sensors, and safety systems. Ultrasonic anemometers are used to measure wind speed and direction. The aerodynamic design of the turbine blade influences the amount of energy captured from the wind. Larger turbines require designs to limit power and speed for safety. Pitch and stall controls are used to regulate power output.
The document discusses various safety issues related to wind farms and wind turbine maintenance. It notes that Illinois has experienced significant wind farm growth and will rely heavily on wind power to meet renewable energy goals. It then outlines several safety standards and regulations that apply to wind farms. It also identifies some specific safety hazards observed at wind farms, such as electrical hazards, fall hazards, confined space entry, fire risks, and issues related to tower erection and maintenance.
Fire dampers and smoke dampers serve different purposes to protect buildings from fire and smoke. Fire dampers are activated by heat and close to prevent the spread of flames through ductwork. Smoke dampers are activated by smoke detectors and close to prevent the spread of smoke. Combination fire/smoke dampers serve both purposes by closing upon detection of heat or smoke. Proper installation of these dampers according to code standards is important for effective compartmentalization of buildings and life safety in the event of a fire.
This certificate was awarded to Salim Gutammohmed Solanki for completing an occupational health, safety, and environment program on October 16, 2014. The certificate of attainment recognizes Salim's completion of the program components, which are detailed on a separately issued certificate.
This document provides information on fire protection equipment used in electric substations. It discusses the importance of electricity as critical infrastructure and the objectives of transmission utilities. It then covers various aspects of fire prevention and fighting including standards, elimination of electric fire hazards, grounding practices, and maintenance procedures. The document also describes classifications of fires according to different materials involved and appropriate extinguishing methods. Finally, it explains different types of fire extinguishing equipment like water, foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, and their mechanisms of fire extinction.
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
1) Foundry safety is important as working with molten metal is inherently dangerous, but proper safety measures can make melt shops accident-free.
2) Key roles like melt shop supervisors and management must make safety a top priority through training, oversight of safe equipment operation, and establishing safety as a core value.
3) Identifying and preventing hazards through adherence to manufacturer and regulatory guidelines, use of protective equipment, emergency plans, and automated processes can help reduce foundry accidents.
Lightning it,s Nature Call ,Many Disaster Seen due to Wrong Selection , Design ,Engineering ,Installation and Periodical Maintenance.
Lightning Kills&Damage our Valuable Assets IEC62305 Claim Conventional for lightning Protection involve many Components Cost is very High,Design and Installation after Maintenance also critical.
Because of Electrical Product Manufacturer worldwide Support Funding IEC Group some of company who manufacturer Conventional Lightning Products funding just to see no other lighting protection Technologies enter&approved by these Committee No Fair Business Practice.
ESE Lightning Protection Always Claim Offering Product Tested by LAB to their customer Easy way to design ,Installation&Total Cost is economical,Maintenance very easy.
Many countries adopted in their Standard.
Manufacturer who is supporting products with LAB Certificate should only entertain many companies in India Supply submitting Forged Certificate .
Indian Government Agencies Releasing Tender for ESE Lighting Solar PV Project , Power Substation Transmission and Distribution , Railway &Metro Rail Projects,
NBC2016 BIS who is influence with IEC not included and cheated Indian Government&Partial approach because of Low Knowledge about Lightning Design&Selection of Products.
Contact us
The document discusses electrical safety rules for substations. It provides 6 key rules: (1) ensuring clearance from energized parts, (2) maintaining a minimum height of energized parts from the ground, (3) providing sufficient illumination, (4) ensuring wide and clear passageways and evacuation routes, (5) proper grounding of all metallic structures, and (6) marking exits clearly. It also discusses important points for a safe work environment, such as using safety equipment, checking faulty equipment, and ensuring only competent workers perform electrical tasks. The document further explains components like lightening arresters, instrument transformers, power transformers, disconnectors, and circuit breakers.
Wind Power Plant Planning And CommisioningSuraj Naik
Wind power or wind energy is generally the utilization of wind turbines to produce power. By and large, wind power has been utilized in sails, windmills and windpumps. Wind power is a supportable, sustainable power source that smallerly affects the climate than consuming petroleum derivatives.
Fuses are the simplest and cheapest device used to interrupt electrical circuits during short circuits or overloads. They work by heating up from excessive current and melting the fusible element, breaking the circuit. Fuses are used for protection in both high and low voltage installations. Their operation is automatic and they can interrupt enormous short circuits without noise or smoke. However, replacing blown fuses takes time and they cannot always discriminate between circuits as well as circuit breakers.
The document discusses electrical hazards in marine environments. It classifies hazardous zones into Zone 0, 1, 2 and non-hazardous based on the likelihood of explosive gas-air mixtures being present. It describes the protection schemes of flameproof (Exd), intrinsically safe (Exi), pressurized (Exp), and increased safety (Exe) equipment suitable for different zones. The document also provides definitions and maintenance considerations for these protection schemes.
Flood waters contaminate electrical equipment with conductive and corrosive residues posing shock and fire hazards. All submerged equipment and components like fuses must be replaced for safety even if they appear dry. Large equipment like switchgear and motors along with small components like outlets and switches require replacement or refurbishment. Proper inspection and replacement of electrical systems is necessary before restoring power to avoid risks to personnel and equipment. Littelfuse provides guidelines and emergency support for evaluating and restoring flood-damaged electrical infrastructure.
Flood waters contaminate electrical equipment and leave residues that can cause fire and shock hazards. Equipment exposed to flood waters should be replaced or refurbished by an electrician. Fuses must be replaced even if they look dry as the filler material inside may be compromised. When replacing fuses for three-phase applications, all three fuses should be from the same manufacturer and rating. Electrical equipment and components should be inspected and some replaced according to safety guidelines to ensure safe restoration of electrical systems after flooding.
This document discusses common insulation hazards, risks, and controls for insulation installers. It identifies electrical hazards, asbestos, working at heights, confined spaces, dust and fibres, temperature extremes, and safe work practices as common hazards. It provides details on electrical hazards, controlling risks through isolating, locking out, and tagging equipment, using personal protective equipment, and ensuring worker competence. The document emphasizes following standards and developing safe work method statements to safely manage electrical and other risks.
Industrial safety aims to reduce, control and eliminate hazards through proper management. There are various types of industrial hazards including chemical, mechanical, physical, electrical and fire. Mechanical hazards stem from machinery and can cause injuries. Machines must be properly safeguarded to minimize risks. Boilers and pressure vessels require safety valves, water gauges and blowdown valves to operate safely under pressure. Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks or electrocution and death. Proper identification, isolation and grounding of power sources helps protect workers. Fires are fueled by the fire triangle of oxygen, heat and fuel and different fire classes require appropriate extinguishers. Detection devices also help identify fires early.
The document summarizes wind energy and the components and functioning of wind turbines. It explains that wind is a form of solar energy caused by uneven heating of the atmosphere. Modern wind turbines can harvest this wind flow to generate electricity. The main components of a wind turbine are described, including the rotor blades, gearbox, generator, and tower. The summary explains how the components work together to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Technical, environmental, and regulatory factors to consider when installing wind turbines are also outlined.
Nubenthan S. completed their industrial training at Wind Force (Pvt.) Ltd, a renewable energy company in Sri Lanka that operates wind farms. They learned about various aspects of wind turbine operation including the turbine components like blades, hub, and generator. They also studied wind measurement masts, the erection process for installing turbines, and safety plans. The training provided valuable practical experience in electrical engineering and renewable energy that will help with their future career.
This document discusses transformer protection. Transformers are critical and expensive components that require protection to limit damage from faults. Protection methods include Buchholz relays, which detect gases from arcing; pressure relays, which detect pressure waves from arcing; and thermal relays, which monitor hot spot temperatures. Protection aims to quickly isolate transformers under abnormal conditions like faults, overloads, or overvoltages to prevent failures and simplify repairs.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety and risk assessment. It discusses common electrical hazards like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. The key causes of electrical accidents are identified as drilling into electrical cables, using defective equipment, and failure to follow lockout/tagout procedures. Electrical safety measures discussed include proper wiring, use of circuit breakers and disconnects, guarding live parts, adequate illumination and headroom, and grounding/bonding principles. Personal protective equipment and safety signage are also addressed.
There are three key signs that regulators and operators should pay attention to regarding safety culture:
1. Detecting procedural inadequacies, such as documentation not being reviewed or revised on schedule, which indicates weaknesses in management.
2. Analyzing patterns of recurring problems to identify root causes that were not adequately addressed by corrective actions.
3. Monitoring for signs of organizational insularity where different facilities do not communicate and learn from each other.
General safety precautions for maintenance of extinguisherSalim Solanki
General safety precautions must be followed when maintaining fire extinguishers. Residual pressure must be released slowly to avoid injury. Do not fully unscrew parts until pressure is fully released. Never attempt to remove valves from pressurized extinguishers. Regular inspection and maintenance is needed to ensure extinguishers are in proper working condition and safe for use. Extinguishers showing corrosion, damage, or deterioration of pressure-bearing parts must be removed from service. Annual inspections include checking components and pressure tests to identify any repairs or replacements needed.
This document provides information on fire protection equipment used in electric substations. It discusses the importance of electricity as critical infrastructure and the objectives of transmission utilities. It then covers various aspects of fire prevention and fighting including standards, elimination of electric fire hazards, grounding practices, and maintenance procedures. The document also describes classifications of fires according to different materials involved and appropriate extinguishing methods. Finally, it explains different types of fire extinguishing equipment like water, foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, and their mechanisms of fire extinction.
mine environment engineering
Intrinsic safety and flameproof apparatus in mines
research and development on explosions in mines
prevention of explosion in mines
1) Foundry safety is important as working with molten metal is inherently dangerous, but proper safety measures can make melt shops accident-free.
2) Key roles like melt shop supervisors and management must make safety a top priority through training, oversight of safe equipment operation, and establishing safety as a core value.
3) Identifying and preventing hazards through adherence to manufacturer and regulatory guidelines, use of protective equipment, emergency plans, and automated processes can help reduce foundry accidents.
Lightning it,s Nature Call ,Many Disaster Seen due to Wrong Selection , Design ,Engineering ,Installation and Periodical Maintenance.
Lightning Kills&Damage our Valuable Assets IEC62305 Claim Conventional for lightning Protection involve many Components Cost is very High,Design and Installation after Maintenance also critical.
Because of Electrical Product Manufacturer worldwide Support Funding IEC Group some of company who manufacturer Conventional Lightning Products funding just to see no other lighting protection Technologies enter&approved by these Committee No Fair Business Practice.
ESE Lightning Protection Always Claim Offering Product Tested by LAB to their customer Easy way to design ,Installation&Total Cost is economical,Maintenance very easy.
Many countries adopted in their Standard.
Manufacturer who is supporting products with LAB Certificate should only entertain many companies in India Supply submitting Forged Certificate .
Indian Government Agencies Releasing Tender for ESE Lighting Solar PV Project , Power Substation Transmission and Distribution , Railway &Metro Rail Projects,
NBC2016 BIS who is influence with IEC not included and cheated Indian Government&Partial approach because of Low Knowledge about Lightning Design&Selection of Products.
Contact us
The document discusses electrical safety rules for substations. It provides 6 key rules: (1) ensuring clearance from energized parts, (2) maintaining a minimum height of energized parts from the ground, (3) providing sufficient illumination, (4) ensuring wide and clear passageways and evacuation routes, (5) proper grounding of all metallic structures, and (6) marking exits clearly. It also discusses important points for a safe work environment, such as using safety equipment, checking faulty equipment, and ensuring only competent workers perform electrical tasks. The document further explains components like lightening arresters, instrument transformers, power transformers, disconnectors, and circuit breakers.
Wind Power Plant Planning And CommisioningSuraj Naik
Wind power or wind energy is generally the utilization of wind turbines to produce power. By and large, wind power has been utilized in sails, windmills and windpumps. Wind power is a supportable, sustainable power source that smallerly affects the climate than consuming petroleum derivatives.
Fuses are the simplest and cheapest device used to interrupt electrical circuits during short circuits or overloads. They work by heating up from excessive current and melting the fusible element, breaking the circuit. Fuses are used for protection in both high and low voltage installations. Their operation is automatic and they can interrupt enormous short circuits without noise or smoke. However, replacing blown fuses takes time and they cannot always discriminate between circuits as well as circuit breakers.
The document discusses electrical hazards in marine environments. It classifies hazardous zones into Zone 0, 1, 2 and non-hazardous based on the likelihood of explosive gas-air mixtures being present. It describes the protection schemes of flameproof (Exd), intrinsically safe (Exi), pressurized (Exp), and increased safety (Exe) equipment suitable for different zones. The document also provides definitions and maintenance considerations for these protection schemes.
Flood waters contaminate electrical equipment with conductive and corrosive residues posing shock and fire hazards. All submerged equipment and components like fuses must be replaced for safety even if they appear dry. Large equipment like switchgear and motors along with small components like outlets and switches require replacement or refurbishment. Proper inspection and replacement of electrical systems is necessary before restoring power to avoid risks to personnel and equipment. Littelfuse provides guidelines and emergency support for evaluating and restoring flood-damaged electrical infrastructure.
Flood waters contaminate electrical equipment and leave residues that can cause fire and shock hazards. Equipment exposed to flood waters should be replaced or refurbished by an electrician. Fuses must be replaced even if they look dry as the filler material inside may be compromised. When replacing fuses for three-phase applications, all three fuses should be from the same manufacturer and rating. Electrical equipment and components should be inspected and some replaced according to safety guidelines to ensure safe restoration of electrical systems after flooding.
This document discusses common insulation hazards, risks, and controls for insulation installers. It identifies electrical hazards, asbestos, working at heights, confined spaces, dust and fibres, temperature extremes, and safe work practices as common hazards. It provides details on electrical hazards, controlling risks through isolating, locking out, and tagging equipment, using personal protective equipment, and ensuring worker competence. The document emphasizes following standards and developing safe work method statements to safely manage electrical and other risks.
Industrial safety aims to reduce, control and eliminate hazards through proper management. There are various types of industrial hazards including chemical, mechanical, physical, electrical and fire. Mechanical hazards stem from machinery and can cause injuries. Machines must be properly safeguarded to minimize risks. Boilers and pressure vessels require safety valves, water gauges and blowdown valves to operate safely under pressure. Electrical hazards can cause burns, shocks or electrocution and death. Proper identification, isolation and grounding of power sources helps protect workers. Fires are fueled by the fire triangle of oxygen, heat and fuel and different fire classes require appropriate extinguishers. Detection devices also help identify fires early.
The document summarizes wind energy and the components and functioning of wind turbines. It explains that wind is a form of solar energy caused by uneven heating of the atmosphere. Modern wind turbines can harvest this wind flow to generate electricity. The main components of a wind turbine are described, including the rotor blades, gearbox, generator, and tower. The summary explains how the components work together to convert the kinetic energy of wind into electrical energy. Technical, environmental, and regulatory factors to consider when installing wind turbines are also outlined.
Nubenthan S. completed their industrial training at Wind Force (Pvt.) Ltd, a renewable energy company in Sri Lanka that operates wind farms. They learned about various aspects of wind turbine operation including the turbine components like blades, hub, and generator. They also studied wind measurement masts, the erection process for installing turbines, and safety plans. The training provided valuable practical experience in electrical engineering and renewable energy that will help with their future career.
This document discusses transformer protection. Transformers are critical and expensive components that require protection to limit damage from faults. Protection methods include Buchholz relays, which detect gases from arcing; pressure relays, which detect pressure waves from arcing; and thermal relays, which monitor hot spot temperatures. Protection aims to quickly isolate transformers under abnormal conditions like faults, overloads, or overvoltages to prevent failures and simplify repairs.
This document provides an overview of electrical safety and risk assessment. It discusses common electrical hazards like electric shock, burns, fires and explosions. The key causes of electrical accidents are identified as drilling into electrical cables, using defective equipment, and failure to follow lockout/tagout procedures. Electrical safety measures discussed include proper wiring, use of circuit breakers and disconnects, guarding live parts, adequate illumination and headroom, and grounding/bonding principles. Personal protective equipment and safety signage are also addressed.
There are three key signs that regulators and operators should pay attention to regarding safety culture:
1. Detecting procedural inadequacies, such as documentation not being reviewed or revised on schedule, which indicates weaknesses in management.
2. Analyzing patterns of recurring problems to identify root causes that were not adequately addressed by corrective actions.
3. Monitoring for signs of organizational insularity where different facilities do not communicate and learn from each other.
General safety precautions for maintenance of extinguisherSalim Solanki
General safety precautions must be followed when maintaining fire extinguishers. Residual pressure must be released slowly to avoid injury. Do not fully unscrew parts until pressure is fully released. Never attempt to remove valves from pressurized extinguishers. Regular inspection and maintenance is needed to ensure extinguishers are in proper working condition and safe for use. Extinguishers showing corrosion, damage, or deterioration of pressure-bearing parts must be removed from service. Annual inspections include checking components and pressure tests to identify any repairs or replacements needed.
The document provides guidance on safe material handling, both manual and mechanical. It lists dos and don'ts for proper lifting techniques, use of equipment like cranes, ladders, power tools, handling of chemicals and gases, and general housekeeping. It also provides guidance on what to do in emergency situations like fire or for providing first aid. Key recommendations include using mechanical handling where possible, inspecting all tools and equipment, following load limits, keeping work areas organized and hazard-free, and knowing emergency response procedures.
Potential health hazard associated with handling pipe used in oil and gas pro...Salim Solanki
Potential health hazard associated with handling pipe used in oil and gas production that may be contaminated with radioactive scale from naturally occurring radioactive materials (norm).
Safety training observation programme (STOP)Salim Solanki
The Safety Training Observation Programme (STOP) is designed to promote safety in the workplace. Employees are encouraged to observe and provide feedback on both safe and at-risk behaviors. Observations are documented on cards and trends in behaviors are identified to develop training and action plans. The goal is to enhance safety reporting, hazard recognition, data collection and employee ownership over the health and safety program through incentives. A basic observation involves stopping unsafe acts, discussing hazards, and agreeing on safer procedures before submitting documentation for management review and trend analysis.
The document outlines the steps and techniques for effectively investigating incidents. Some key points include:
- Incident investigations are conducted to prevent similar future losses by learning from past experiences.
- The primary investigator is usually someone directly involved who has knowledge of the people and conditions and can take corrective action. Managers may lead investigations of major losses or high potential incidents.
- The investigation process involves an initial response, gathering information through interviews and other sources, analyzing the data to determine causes, taking or recommending actions, and writing a report with follow up.
- Gathering factual information is important to understand what really occurred rather than making assumptions. Interviews should be conducted separately and in a non-accusatory manner
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable gas with a rotten egg smell that occurs naturally in petroleum and natural gas deposits. It is also produced by bacterial breakdown of organic matter and human/animal wastes. Industrial activities like oil drilling, sewage treatment, and paper mills can release H2S. It is heavier than air, flammable, and toxic even at low levels with prolonged exposure. Inhalation is the primary exposure risk, as it can cause respiratory irritation and is potentially fatal at high concentrations. Proper ventilation and respiratory protection are required when working with or rescuing people from H2S environments.
Employee safety is a top concern for responsible organizations. Not only can safety incidents result in injuries or loss of life, but they also negatively impact an organization's finances, reputation, and ability to attract employees. Companies minimize risk by building a strong safety culture where safety is a top priority and accidents are unacceptable. This improves employee morale, productivity, and the bottom line. Every person deserves to go to work and return home safely each day. Workplace injuries have far-reaching impacts on families, coworkers and communities. Prioritizing safety reduces costs from injuries, increases worker loyalty, and improves product quality. A successful safety culture requires commitment from all levels of the organization.
Barricade tape, also known as caution tape or warning tape, is a brightly colored plastic tape used to warn people of hazards. It acts as a minor barrier to prevent accidental access to dangerous areas and enhances safety. Common types include construction tape for work zones, hazard tape for toxic chemicals, traffic control tape to redirect vehicles, and police tape to preserve crime scenes. Barricade tape comes in standardized colors according to OSHA and ANSI regulations to indicate different classes of hazards, such as yellow and black for physical dangers or magenta and yellow for radiation risks. It is made of durable materials like polyethylene or nylon and varies in thickness and width depending on the manufacturer and intended use.
Near misses are unplanned events that under slightly different circumstances could have resulted in injury, property damage, or environmental harm, but did not. Reporting near misses allows organizations to understand how accidents could have happened and to prevent future accidents. There are several factors that can lead to near misses, including unsafe conditions, lack of safety procedures or training, improper tools, risk-taking behaviors, and human error. To improve near miss reporting, organizations should establish a just culture that encourages reporting without punishment, publicize corrective actions taken, share lessons learned, communicate actions taken in response to reports, and track near misses as a leading indicator of safety performance.
The document provides guidance on conducting a risk assessment in the workplace. It explains that risk assessments involve identifying potential hazards, deciding who might be harmed and how, evaluating the risks, and recording significant findings. Employers are legally required to conduct risk assessments to manage risks and protect employee health and safety. The document provides a step-by-step process for conducting assessments and keeping them up to date.
Safety boards an initiative to create awarenessSalim Solanki
Safety boards aim to create awareness about important safety issues. The initiative focuses on informing the public through clear signage. The goal is to reduce accidents and protect lives by highlighting potential dangers and recommended precautions.
Barricade tape, also known as caution tape or warning tape, is a brightly colored plastic tape used to warn people of hazards. It acts as a minor barrier to prevent accidental access to dangerous areas and enhances safety. Common types include construction tape for work zones, hazard tape for toxic chemicals, traffic control tape to redirect vehicles, and police tape to preserve crime scenes. Barricade tape comes in standardized colors according to OSHA and ANSI regulations to indicate different classes of hazards, such as yellow and black for physical dangers or magenta and yellow for radiation risks. It is made of durable, tear-proof materials and printed with bold text messages.
Design and installation of fixed foam fire extinguishing systemSalim Solanki
This document provides information on the design and installation of fixed foam fire extinguishing systems. It discusses the properties of foam and its use for firefighting. It describes the different types of foam concentrates and foam expansion ranges. It also outlines the requirements and testing procedures for low expansion foam systems used for surface and subsurface application. Finally, it discusses the basic components of foam systems including water supplies, pumps, foam concentrate storage, and proportioning systems.
Bromine is a liquid non-metallic element that is hazardous to human health through liquid contact or vapor inhalation. Exposure can cause skin and tissue damage, irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract, and even death from excessive exposure. Strict safety precautions must be followed when handling bromine, including proper personal protective equipment, ventilation, storage, and emergency procedures for spills or fires.
Hira – hazard identification & risk assessment Salim Solanki
This document provides guidance on hazard identification and risk assessment (HIRA). It defines key terms like hazard, risk, likelihood, and severity. It outlines the HIRA process, which involves classifying work activities, identifying hazards, analyzing risks by assessing likelihood and severity, and deciding on control measures. Risk is a combination of likelihood and severity. Hazards can be health, safety, or environmental risks. Control measures follow a hierarchy from elimination/substitution to engineering controls to administrative controls to personal protective equipment. The effectiveness of controls must be monitored.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, flammable gas with a rotten egg smell that occurs naturally in petroleum and natural gas deposits. It is also produced by bacterial breakdown of organic wastes. Industrial activities like oil refining, wastewater treatment, and paper mills can release H2S. The gas is heavier than air, flammable, and toxic even at low concentrations through inhalation of fumes. High concentrations can cause shock or death from a single breath. Proper ventilation and respiratory protection are required when working with or rescuing people from H2S environments.
Workers should only use respirators for protection from airborne contaminants when other hazard control methods are not possible or practical. Respirators should not be the first choice for protection and should only be used temporarily, such as during maintenance or repairs. There are two main classes of respirators - supplied-air respirators, which provide clean breathing air from an external source, and air-purifying respirators, which filter contaminants from the air. Proper selection and use of respirators requires identifying hazards, assessing exposures, selecting the appropriate type, training workers, and having a written respiratory protection program.
- Ticks can transmit infections like Lyme disease depending on location, season, tick species, and how long attached. The risk of infection from a single tick bite is low.
- Lyme disease bacteria lies dormant in ticks' guts until they take a blood meal, at which point the bacteria enters the ticks' saliva and gets transmitted to the host.
- For Lyme disease transmission from a deer tick, it must be attached for over 36 hours to pass the bacteria from its blood meal.
Workplace violence can range from threats to physical assaults and is one of the leading causes of job-related deaths. Some workers are at higher risk, such as those who work alone, work with money or valuable property, or work in healthcare or community settings with extensive public contact. Employers can help protect employees by establishing a zero-tolerance violence policy, conducting workplace violence training, securing the workplace, providing personal safety devices for field staff, and developing policies for home healthcare visits. Employees should learn to recognize and avoid dangerous situations, report any safety concerns, and avoid traveling alone whenever possible. Following an incident, employers should provide medical treatment, report to police, inform victims of legal rights, discuss circumstances with employees, and offer counseling
2. The operating principles are basic.
• Wind blowing though the blades makes them
rotate and turn the shaft of an electric power
generator situated inside an elevated
compartment, called a nacelle (Figures 1, 2).
• Inside the nacelle are other controls such as
brakes, rotor pitch controllers, gearboxes, and
fire protection equipment (Figure 3).
• As the blades rotate, they produce energy,
which turns the gears and reducers, which turn
the generator’s torque shaft.
• The generator produces energy, which is then
transmitted from the tower to transformer
stations through high-tension power lines for
distribution. created by Salim Solanki
6. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
• Standard operating procedures/guidelines (SOPs/SOGs) for emergency operations
at wind turbine sites are absolutely necessary.
• The turbine-supporting tower can be as much as 300 feet high with very slim
access shafts (generally no elevators, just vertical ladders) and extremely confined
interiors.
• Although a few towers may be equipped with elevators, they would be very tight
spaces.
• They could be used where available for lifting some rescue personnel and
equipment up to the nacelle, although it would be difficult to lower a victim
unless that person could be evacuated in a standing position.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
• Fire and personal injury are the principal emergency situations that could
affect a wind turbine and require emergency service response.
• These two overall categories encompass many variants that require specific
response procedures.
• Added to the high initial costs of engineering and construction, damages to a
wind turbine could well run up to hundreds of thousands of dollars in repairs
and reconstruction, in addition to many months of downtime and
subsequent loss of income.
created by Salim Solanki
8. • The Caithness Windfarm Information
Forum, based in the United Kingdom,
compiled a summary of more than 900
incidents involving wind turbines.
• In a December 2009 incident in Uelzen,
Germany, a fire occurred in a wind
turbine at a height of 130 meters (427
feet). The fire department closed off the
the area and allowed the fire to burn
out because it could not fight the fire at
that height and had no other choice.
created by Salim Solanki
10. • Lightning strikes
• electrical shock
• The interior dimensions of wind turbines vary among manufacturers, but in general they
are all pretty tight. Mounted on the top of the tower, the nacelle contains the electricity-
generating equipment that is connected to the turbine blades. In general, a typical
nacelle is approximately 30 feet long, between 7½ and 8 feet high, and around 9½ to 11
feet wide. An “average” man—six feet tall with a trim build—would have to crouch and
bend himself in pretty much all interior spaces. The largest open area is around the
service hoist and around the drive shaft. Some blade manufacturers claim that their
blades are accessible, but they don’t describe the physical characteristics necessary to
get into the blades. The blades are one of the problematic spaces for possible
entrapment.
• Fires can occur in distinct locations and heights and may involve various fuels and
ignition sources..
created by Salim Solanki
11. • Fuels can include electrical cables, plastics, and even textiles, any and all of
which can also be found at all heights.
• Since the construction materials used in these towers and their components
will invariably include plastics and possibly some combustible metals (e.g.,
titanium and aluminum, among others), as well as relatively easily deformable
metallic structural and enclosure materials, the consequences of a fire in a
wind turbine can be disastrous.
• Also, a fire in a turbine assembly can propagate to surrounding vegetation and
produce a wildland fire risk, and a fire involving surrounding vegetation could
pose a threat to the wind farm.
• The origins of fires in wind generators are numerous and in some instances
almost inevitable. Statistics show that the major cause of fires in
aerogenerators is lightning. Although aerogenerators include lightning
arresters and other elements to reduce the potential of ignition from lightning
strikes, they do not completely eliminate possible lightning damage.
• Another frequent cause of fires is the mechanical friction among the multiple moving
parts of the turbine assembly, gears, shafts, and other moving or rotating metal
components that may provoke sparking. Since the average wind turbine may contain
more than 200 gallons of hydraulic fluid plus variable quantities of other lubricants
and similar combustible liquids, there’s no shortage of fuel.
created by Salim Solanki
12. • Electrical short circuits can occur in numerous locations, anywhere from
the windmill’s top to the base. Fires in wind turbines are known to
contribute to structural failure and collapse.
• The major inconvenience at wind farms in regard to
possible fires is that most of these installations are
unattended.
• The operating companies have technicians available
within reasonable distances, but they are not usually
present, except during periodic inspections or
maintenance operations.
• Fire protection at wind farms and inside the
aerogenerators depends entirely on automatic fire
detection and extinguishment systems, with reliable and
constant supervision at one or more fixed locations.
created by Salim Solanki
13. • Detection is usually multidisciplinary, including early
detection—fast response systems coupled with self-contained
automatic extinguishing systems such as water mist or inert
gases.
• The detection systems, usually networked and requiring
detection/confirmation of a fire, instantaneously communicate
the alarm to the supervision station and simultaneously
activate the extinguishing system. The supervision of the
detection and extinguishing systems must be full-time and be
able to clearly and concisely communicate complete
information to responsible emergency responding agencies.
created by Salim Solanki
14. • Responding fire departments may normally be several miles away and have
to travel over roads that quite often require all-wheel-drive vehicles.
• The primary limiting factors to fire department intervention are the height of
the fire and the extremely limited vertical access inside the tower.
• A fire actively fought, controlled, and extinguished by fire department
personnel would be a rare event.
• The general rule established in SOPs is not to attempt to physically attack a
fire inside the tower and generator assembly but instead to rely on the fixed
installations.
• At the same time, it would be necessary to establish an exterior defensive
attack to protect exposed structures and vegetation near the affected tower.
created by Salim Solanki
15. emergency responders interact with the wind turbine operators to create,
implement, and maintain pre-emergency response planning.
Responders should go to the site to familiarize themselves with the facilities
and develop simulation emergency exercises with the operators
• Emergencies involving physical injury to operational and maintenance
personnel occasionally present in and around the wind generators (mainly
falls and similar accidents) and will inevitably require high-angle rescue
techniques and tactics, since an injured operator may be more than 300
feet above ground and inside very tight confined spaces that have
extremely limited access.
created by Salim Solanki
16. • Basic Hazards: possible falls from great heights, the risk of electrocution, and
entrapment.
• Personal protective equipment (PPE) for each responder should include an approved
harness, a dynamic anchoring rope, safety shackles, an adequate helmet, and gloves.
Team PPE should include the following:
• Rucksacks or bags with high-angle equipment (descenders, rope clamps,
carabiners, pulleys, shackles, tape, protectors, and so on).
• Antifall devices for 8-mm steel cable, provided by the owner of the site, or
dynamic rescue rope equipment for fall protection.
• Static and dynamic rope in lengths sufficient to access the height of the
machinery (nacelle and blades).
• Alternately, sufficient lengths of rope that can be tied together, ensuring that the knots
will pass through descenders and pulleys.
• A stretcher (backboard or stokes basket) that can be used horizontally or
vertically. A confined-space stretcher may be necessary in very confined spaces, such as
inside the nacelle or propeller blades.
• Other equipment includes a flashlight and a two-way radio certified for use in confined
spaces that have metallic enclosures.
created by Salim Solanki
17. Overall personnel safety measures include the following:
•Before commencing operations, ensure that machinery is shut down and that no machinery will be started
up during emergency operations.
•Shut off electrical power to the aerogenerator.
•Always maintain antifall equipment connections while working where falls might occur, even inside the
nacelle.
• During any emergency situation involving aerogenerators, a company maintenance operator must be
present.
• Possible emergencies :
• entrapment by mechanical elements in the nacelle,
• electrical shock,
• persons who have collapsed (e.g., fainted, suffered a heart attack or a similar
ailment) or fallen inside the hub or tower,
• fire, and
• falls from the exterior wind turbine structure.
created by Salim Solanki
18. Wind turbine towers range from 120 to more
than 300 feet in height, and even higher towers
are in design. Hence, you must consider the
possibility of evacuation from heights greater
than the lengths of the rescue ropes. If ropes
must be tied together to obtain the needed
length, you must ensure that knots can pass
through eyes.
lengths of the rescue ropes.
created by Salim Solanki
19. Alarm reception. The recipient of the initial and follow-up alarm communications
for emergencies involving wind turbines must obtain the following information and
supplement it as the situation evolves:
• Incident type: Fall, entrapment, fire.
• Incident location: Wind farm site and number of the aerogenerator
involved.
• Number of victims, their locations, and conditions.
• Access to the wind farm and the particular aerogenerator.
• Weather conditions.
• Any additional information.
created by Salim Solanki
20. For fire in an aerogenerator, do the following:
• Confirm disconnection of electrical power
from other machinery or a substation.
• Establish a safety perimeter of 750 feet
around the involved tower for possible falling
components.
• Prevent spread of fire to surrounding
vegetation or other exposures.
created by Salim Solanki
22. Conclusion:
SAFE SEPARATION DISTANCES
• The propensity of very large industrial wind turbines to catch
fire, shed blades or bits thereof, throw ice and, occasionally,
to suffer catastrophic, high speed blade failures followed by
a tower collapse leads sensible people to question their
construction close to houses or transport routes.
• As a standard precautionary measure, all Infinis staff vacate
wind farms when wind speeds exceed 55 mph and therefore
no one was present on site at the time of the incident,”
created by Salim Solanki