The document discusses the rich biodiversity of India's wildlife and forests, highlighting the importance of conservation and the impact of human activities on these natural resources. It outlines various species, conservation measures, and the role of different organizations in wildlife research and education. Additionally, it addresses the alarming rate of deforestation and the need for afforestation efforts to protect the environment.

1. FOREST AND WILDLIFE
Skanda S Shenoy
X standard
Vikasa High School
Alkola, Shimoga – 577 204

2. WILD LIFE
INTRUDUCTION :
Indian is unique in having immense natural beauty is its
different lions and in possessing a rich and diverse wild life
fauna Indian wild life is incomparable in its variety for
example, the tiger, the lion and the leopard room about in the
same country elephants and the one horned rhinoceros are
found here in abundance.
India has more types of the graceful deer and cats than any
other country in the world. In facts, India includes more than
120 families of terrestrial vertebrates.
It has been estimated that there are more than 400 species of
mammals, 1200 species of Birds, more than 350 Species of
Reptiles and more that 29,70,000 species of insects in India

3. REASONS FOR WILD LIFE
The wild life has also been used
commercially to earn a lot of money in on
way or the other.
 The wild life is the cultural asset of a
country like India. It has deep rooted effect
on art sculpture, literature and religion of
the country.

4. CONSERVATION MEASURES:
• For the preservation of species wild
life management staff should have
a correct idea about the exact
habitat which the species under
consideration needs.
• Natural habitat of wild animals
should be carefully protected.
• Shooting and hunting of
endangered species should be
totally banned.
• Habitats of wild life should be
improved by constructing water
holes, saltlicks and by raising
plantation of better and nourishing
fodder grasses and trees.

5. MODES OF WILD LIFE
CONSERVATION
• Protected species of
Indian wild life are here
they are, white eyed
buck, black buck, Four
horen antelope, golden
cat, snow leopard, great
Indian bustard, Monitor
lizard, winter lizard,
leathery turtle, marsh
crocodile etc.

6. REASONS FOR DEPLETION OF WILD
LIFE
• Destruction of wild plants of forests for
timber, charcoal and firewood often
deprives wild animals their most
palatable food and affects their
survival.
• Absence of covers or shelter to wild
animals.
• Noise pollution by different transport
media and polluting river water have
adversely affected wild animals.
• Hunting methods of all kinds and for
any purpose (that is, food, recreation,
fur, plumage, tusk, horn etc.) have
caused destruction of wild life.

7. SOME INDIAN SANCTUARIES AND
NATIONAL PARKS
• Kaziranga Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Manas Wild life Sanctuary.
• Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Mundanthurai Sanctuary
• Ranganthittoo Bird Sanctuary.
• Bandipur Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary
• Kolameru Bird Sanctuary
• Guindy Deer Park.
• Sesan Gir
• Sariska
• Chilka Lake
• Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary.
• Daachigam Wildlife Sanctuary.

8. WILD LIFE RESEARCH IN INDIA
• Wildlife Institute of India (WII) covers
various aspects of applied research on
wild life for different ecological and
geographical regions of the country.
Show leopard (Ladakh), Nilgiri Langur
(Tamil Nadu), Grizzled gaint squirrel
(Tamil Nadu), monitoring of
reintroduced Mugger crocodiles
(Andhra Pradesh) and monitoring of
reintroduced Rhinoceros (Dudhwa, U.P)
are the main studies completed by the
institute.

9. WILD LIFE EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
• Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun organized 9
month PG Diploma and three months Certificate
courses on wild life for protected area managers at
the professional and Field technician level during
1991-92.
• The Institute also organized a Zoo Management
course for Middle Level Managers and
Technicians and 4 week course for 16 trainees
from Zoos and wild life organizations from
different states.

10. FOREST
INTRODUCTION:
• A plant community predominantly of
trees and other vegetation usually with
a closed canopy is called forest.
Today forest may be regarded as any
land managed for the diverse purpose
of forestry, whether covered with trees
shrubs, climbers, lions etc or not the
word jungle is used to describe a
collection of trees, shrubs etc that are
not grown in a regular manner.

11. IMPORTANCE OF FOREST
• Forest are the only source of timbers, wood fuel,
bamboos and a rich source of a variety of valuable
products.
• They guard against erosion of land, damage of
water sheds, floods and segmentation. The provide
shelter to the wildlife.
• Above all, forest also provide facility of the
grazing of live stocks and produce a large number
of products of commercial as well as industrial
importance.

12. TYPES OF FOREST
• Moist tropical forests
• Dry tropical forests
• Mountain subtropical
forests
• Mountain temperate forests
• Subalpine forests
• Alpine scrub forests

13. DEFORESTATION
Forest in developing
countries are going to be
reduced at an alarming rate.
This process of
deforestation is a serious
threat to economy, quality
of life and future of the
environment in our country.
The important causes of
deforestation in India are,

14. • Rapid explosion of human and livestock
population
• Expansion of agricultural croplands for
farming and enhanced grazing by cattle.
• Increased demand for fuel wood, timber,
wooden crates, paper, newsprint’s, patter
boards, medicines etc.

15. Comparative situation of cover 1993 and 1991 assessment
(sq.km)
State / Uts 1991 Assessment 1993 Assessment Change in 1993
Andhra Pradesh 47290 47256 -34
Arunchal Pradesh 68757 68661 -96
Assam 24751 24508 -243
Bihar 26668 26587 -81
Goa (Including Daman
& Diu)
1255 1250 -5
Gujarat 11907 12044 137
Himachal Pradesh 11780 12505 722
Jammu & Kashmir 20064 20443 379
Karnataka 32199 32343 144
Kerala 10292 10336 44
Madhya Pradesh 135785 135396 -389
Maharashtra 40044 43589 -185
Manipur 17685 17621 -64
Meghalaya 15875 15769 -106
Mizoram 18853 18697 -156
Nagaland 14321 14348 27
Orissa 47205 47145 -60
Punjab 1343 1343 0
Rajasthan 12835 13099 264
Sikkim 3033 3119 86
Tamil Nadu 17713 17726 13

16. AFFORESTATION
The development of forests on
wastelands is usually known as
afforestation
In India, Wasteland
Development Programme is being
and overseen by National
Wastelands development Board
(NWDB) which has adopted a
mission approach for enlisting
people’s participation, harnessing
inputs of science and technology
and achieving inter disciplinary co-
ordination in the programme,
planning and implementation.

17. FOREST RESEARCH IN INDIA
In India, India Council of Forest Research and Education
(ICFRE) is an autonomous body with the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, which holds the mandate to
organize, direct and manage research and education in the
fields of forestry.
There are five important research institutes, they are,
• Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun.
• Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore
• Institute of Wood Science and Technology, Bangalore

18. CONSERVATION
Conservation is the most
efficient and most beneficial
utilization of natural
resources and Is one of the
most significant applications
of ecology. Conservation is
mainly concerned with the
management of the natural
resources of the earth, taking
into consideration their
proper use, preservation and
protection from destructive
influences and misuse etc .

19. DON’T FIRE THE FOREST