National parks are areas of protected land where wildlife is preserved for the public to enjoy and appreciate. This document provides details on 5 national parks in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Toli Pir National Park is located in the Poonch District and is famous for the golden jackal. Panjal Mastan National Park is known for protecting Hangul deer. The Musk Deer National Park covers over 52,000 hectares and is named for its population of musk deer.
India is home to a vast selection of fauna and flora. The country has a remarkably vast number of plant and animal species spread out in the regions with diverse landscape. From the large but peaceful Asiatic elephants to the fearsome Bengal tiger, these species are found in the nation’s 400 wildlife sanctuaries, 18 bio-reserves, and 89 national parks.
Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature beau's heaven. An energizing visit to Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary guarantees a fulfilling and vital experience for all untamed life devotees, nature partners, and feathered creature significant others.
Source(S): http://apnachhattisgarh.in/
Perth is the capital city of Western Australia where nature and urban life co-exist in harmony. This thriving metropolis is home to sandy beaches, parks, lakes & zoos among many other attractions.
Qurumber national park ghizer gilgit baltistan, pakistanDanial Ahmed
Zoology
Wildlife
Wildlife Of Pakistan
National Parks
National Parks Of Pakistan
Qurumber National Park Ghizer, Gilgit Baltistan
Wildlife of Gilgit Baltistan
Biodiversity Of Gilgit Baltistan
Biodiversity Of Ghizer
Biodiversity Of Pakistan
This presentation is given by groups of MBA-THM (2021-23) students of Chandigarh University.
The Kaziranga National Park of Assam, India situated in Golaghat and Nagaon district is famous for its natural beauty and diverse wildlife among the one-horned rhinos.
Kaziranga National Park a world heritage site is famous for the Great Indian one horned rhinoceros, the landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes & shallow pools. It has been declared as National Park in 1974.
Famous national parks in Chhattisgarh to visit this summer.
For more please visit - http://cgtourism.choice.gov.in/tourist-destinations/12/National-Parks-and-Biosphere-Reserve
Ranthambore Map
Ranthambore National Park
Ranthambore Wild Animals
Ranthambore Birds
Ranthambore Flora
Ranthambore Forests
Ranthambore Safari
Ranthambore Kachida Valley
Ranthambore Surwal-lake
Ranthambore Famous Tigers
Ranthambore Bakaula
Ranthambore Lakarda and Anantpura
Ranthambore Raj Bagh Lake
Ranthambore Malik Lake
Ranthambore Transprt
21.wild life and pakistan national parks A series of Presentation ByMr Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National ParkZoufishanY
The two national Parks in NOrth of Pakistan, Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National Park. Gurez NP located in the high Himalayas nearSrinagar in northern Kashmir and southern Gilgit-Baltistan. While, Hazarganji Chiltan NP is located in Sulaiman Mountains, with desert and forest habitats, in the Southwest of the city of Quetta.
India is home to a vast selection of fauna and flora. The country has a remarkably vast number of plant and animal species spread out in the regions with diverse landscape. From the large but peaceful Asiatic elephants to the fearsome Bengal tiger, these species are found in the nation’s 400 wildlife sanctuaries, 18 bio-reserves, and 89 national parks.
Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary is a nature beau's heaven. An energizing visit to Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary guarantees a fulfilling and vital experience for all untamed life devotees, nature partners, and feathered creature significant others.
Source(S): http://apnachhattisgarh.in/
Perth is the capital city of Western Australia where nature and urban life co-exist in harmony. This thriving metropolis is home to sandy beaches, parks, lakes & zoos among many other attractions.
Qurumber national park ghizer gilgit baltistan, pakistanDanial Ahmed
Zoology
Wildlife
Wildlife Of Pakistan
National Parks
National Parks Of Pakistan
Qurumber National Park Ghizer, Gilgit Baltistan
Wildlife of Gilgit Baltistan
Biodiversity Of Gilgit Baltistan
Biodiversity Of Ghizer
Biodiversity Of Pakistan
This presentation is given by groups of MBA-THM (2021-23) students of Chandigarh University.
The Kaziranga National Park of Assam, India situated in Golaghat and Nagaon district is famous for its natural beauty and diverse wildlife among the one-horned rhinos.
Kaziranga National Park a world heritage site is famous for the Great Indian one horned rhinoceros, the landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes & shallow pools. It has been declared as National Park in 1974.
Famous national parks in Chhattisgarh to visit this summer.
For more please visit - http://cgtourism.choice.gov.in/tourist-destinations/12/National-Parks-and-Biosphere-Reserve
Ranthambore Map
Ranthambore National Park
Ranthambore Wild Animals
Ranthambore Birds
Ranthambore Flora
Ranthambore Forests
Ranthambore Safari
Ranthambore Kachida Valley
Ranthambore Surwal-lake
Ranthambore Famous Tigers
Ranthambore Bakaula
Ranthambore Lakarda and Anantpura
Ranthambore Raj Bagh Lake
Ranthambore Malik Lake
Ranthambore Transprt
21.wild life and pakistan national parks A series of Presentation ByMr Allah...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
A series of Presentation ByMr Allah Dad Khan Special Consultant NRM , Former DG Agriculture Extension KPK Province , Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan allahdad52@gmail.com
Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National ParkZoufishanY
The two national Parks in NOrth of Pakistan, Gurez and Hazarganji Chiltan National Park. Gurez NP located in the high Himalayas nearSrinagar in northern Kashmir and southern Gilgit-Baltistan. While, Hazarganji Chiltan NP is located in Sulaiman Mountains, with desert and forest habitats, in the Southwest of the city of Quetta.
1.Central Karakoram National Park
2.Deosai National Park
3.Kirthar National Park
4.K2 National Park
5.Khunjerab National Park
6.Hingol National Park
7.Broghil Valley National Park
8.Laal Suhanra National Park
9.Qurumber National Park
10.Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta National Park
11.Ayub National Park
Kanha National Park invites to explore its diverse wildlife and a large variety of flowering plants. The winner of best maintained tourism friendly park, it is the best destination for wildlife and nature lovers.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
3. Definition
o National Parks are basically an area of the countryside protected by the state or the
central govt. for the enjoyment of general public or the preservation of wildlife.
o Particular animal or a number of animals, birds, reptiles etc. are preserved in the
National park.
o Maximum states have a number of national parks, which are becoming the tourist
spot now a days.
o It is famous for beautiful landscape and rich culture.
4. Top Five National Parks
Sl No. Name Established District Area sq km Famous For
1 Toli Pir 2005 Poonch 5,045 ha
(12,466
acres)
Golden
Jackle
2 Panjal Mastan 2005 Bagh District 5,045 ha
(12,466
acres)
Hangul
3 Poonch River Mahaseer 2010 Kotli, Mirpur a
nd
Poonch
4,500 ha
(11,120
acres)
Snow Cock,
brown bear
4 Pir Lasura 2005 Kotli 5,625 ha
(13,900
acres)
[
Markhor
5 Musk Deer National Park 2009 Neelum 52,815 ha
(130,509
acres)
Musk Deer
6. o Tolipir is a hilltop area situated in Tehsil Rawalakot in the Poonch District of Azad
Kashmir.
o Its approximate elevation is about 8800 ft above sea level.
o Abbaspur, Bagh and Poonch River can be viewed from Toli Pir.
o Tolipir is the highest mountainous location in the northeastern area of Rawalakot.
Tolipir is the highest mountainous location in the northeastern area of Rawalakot.
7. o Golden Jackal
o Asiatic black bear
o Stoat
o Jungle cat
o Panther or leopard
o Barking deer
o Small Kashmir flying squirrel
9. o Panjal Mastan (Urdu پنجال
مستان
) is a scenic place in Bagh Valley of Azad-Kashmir.
o The Panjal Mastan National Park is located in the Bagh District of Azad-
Kashmir. Panjal Mastan National Park is at an average elevation of 2800 metres
(9186 feet) above the sea level, making the Panjal Mastan Plains one of the
highest plateaus in the Bagh.
o The park protects an area of 3,00 square kilometres. It is well known for its rich
flora and fauna of the Pir Panjal ecoregion. In the Spring season it is covered by
sweeps wildflowers.
o The area gives its name to the Panjal vole, a rodent species endemic to Pakis.
tan
10.
11. o More common animals include
1. the rhesus monkey
2. wild boar
3. foxes
o Various species of birds,
o including the Cheer Pheasant and Kalij Pheasant.
13. o The Gumot National Park is a high-altitude national park in north
eastern Pakistan.
o It is located within Neelum Valley in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.
o The national park is significant as it hosts a connected population of
the threatened Himalayan Brown Bear of Pakistan.
o The park also hosts a population of the threatened musk deer.
