Why schools
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A short sketch on development of idea of schools.....and how they were designed through history . Changes in the way learning is perceived and its architectural expression.
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Why schools
- 1. Why Schools?
- 2. Pre industrial Societies-- • No concept of childhood • 13 yrs is adult • Low productivity low life expectancy.. • No school • By mentoring was knowledge passed. Current definition----grouping students together in a centralized location for learning..Wikipedia
- 3. Gurukula system- Guru stayed with students. Before the British came was the norm…teaching happened in temples, mosques, villages—most subjects were taught…arithmetic, language,religion….
- 5. • Then came religions-organized kinds-going by a book. • Wanting to expand need followers • Need trainers….
- 6. Madrasa-i al-Nizamiyya Khargird, Iran ( Arch Net) Islam was another culture that developed a school system in the modern sense of the word. Emphasis was put on knowledge, which required a systematic way of teaching and spreading knowledge, and purpose-built structures…..(Wikepedia)
- 7. Loyola School, Chennai, India — run by the Catholic Diocese of Madras. Christian missionaries played a pivotal role in establishing modern schools in India. Wikipedia
- 8. • Industrialization made people come to cities—They were employed in production-repetitive work… • Poverty & increase in population went hand in hand — • Exploitation --- children as young as 4 yrs. were employed-- India has the highest number of child labourers working in very excruciating circumstances –one being the brick kilns almost as slaves.
- 9. Humanism and urbanization and Great Depression changed he laws with respect to employment of children in factories---- So spaces for children---- Spaces for learning and play built with specific purpose.. “Factories created to produce things led to factories to produce learning” (Tanner & Lackney, 2005; Weisser, 2006)
- 11. Wiley Elementary School -1899-1924-did not have a playground. The road was policed during breaks and traffic stopped to allow pupil to play.
- 12. Waldschule, Charlottenburg, Germany. Classroom and dining sheds. Photograph obtained from 'Designing Modern Childhoods', p.110. The first open school in Germany… A disease changed the form of closed classrooms to open air classrooms- Cure for Tuberculosis-- required children to be in open spaces –fresh air….
- 13. Uffculme Open-Air School, Birmingham, Great Britain, classroom. Photograph obtained from 'Designing Modern Childhoods', p.114.
- 14. The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931- 1935)
- 15. The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931-1935)
- 16. The Suresnes Open-Air School (1931- 1935)
- 17. Finger plan school----Crow Island School, Perkins & Will Architects, courtesy of Tanner and Lackney, 1940---------
- 18. Building schools-building learning culture…
- 20. Then came different ways • Of looking at education--- • Open schools • Waldorf Schools • Montessory • Emilio Reggio
- 21. Waldorf schools • Rudolf Steiner, the founder of Anthroposophy. Its pedagogy emphasizes the role of imagination in learning, striving to integrate holistically the intellectual, practical, and artistic development of pupils.
- 29. Reggio Emelia • A town in Italy where the system was developed. • Community is the teacher of the child • Curriculum developed as to what the community needs • School like a small town.