Why does authority formalize?
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Informal authority existed first in early human societies like hunter-gatherer bands and agricultural villages due to learning from family and elders. Formal authority developed later as societies became more complex with larger, sedentary, specialized populations in cities. The challenges of decision-making, dispute resolution, and resource distribution for larger populations led civilized societies to formalize authority structures in order to function effectively.
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Topic 9: Stratification—Functionalist and Conflict Theories
The word stratification is used a lot in the world of social scientists. It is a concept that rivals socialization in terms of importance; in fact, some consider it a major factor in how we learn to relate to the world.
So what does it mean? It is an intimidating word, but if you break it down to it’s root you find the word ‘strata’, and strata means one in a series of layers. If you look at where this root appears in other words related to the physical world, substratum meaning the underlying layers of the earth; stratosphere meaning the layers of the atmosphere, you can see the concept of layering quite clearly.
But what could this word mean in the social world? Think about it. How do we layer people within the social world?
The sociological explanation of stratification refers to a system or institutional patterns which society uses to rank groups of people. A person is typically placed within the different layers or groups in accordance to their access to valued and scarce resources.
Now that we have the sociological definition, lets move back to the question I asked a before—How do we layer or group or rank people in the social world? See how many ways you can list. The top four ways people are ranked in society are as follows; economic, religious, race/ethnicity and gender.
Which do you think is the most important way we categorize people? Which controls most areas of your life? Typically in American society we see economic class as the most significant, but this is open for discussion. The importance of these rankings varies depending on the type of society you are born into. We for the most part have been born or live in a capitalistic class based society—So it makes sense that economic class would be the most important determinate of strata placement.
Look again to the four main means of dividing or ranking people (religion, race/ethnicity, economic, gender). How many of these things can we change in our society? For the most part only two; religion and economic class. (I know with enough money the medical world can alter genders and skin tone, but no matter what procedures you have done legally your gender and race/ethnicity will remain the same.)
The categories that we have no control over and things we cannot change are part of what sociologists call an ascribed status. An ascribed status is one’s position in society is determined by something an individual has no control over and cannot change; like race and gender.
Whereas the categories that we have control over and can in some way change are part of what sociologists call an achieved status. An achieved status means that there are elements within a persons control that an individual can alter to alter their social ranking within the stratification system.
These two types of status’s are related directly to the two types of societies(open and closed societies), and the type of soci.
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Why does authority formalize?
- 1. Do now Which came first, formal or informal authority? Why?
- 2. Why does authority formalize? Unit 2, Problem 3
- 3. All societies rely on informal authority Humans are social and learn from family, friends, neighbors and elders
- 4. What about formal authority? Let’s look at a few different social systems
- 6. Do hunter/gatherer societies formalize authorities? No!
- 8. Do agricultural village societies formalize authorities? No!
- 10. Do city-based societies formalize authorities? Yes!
- 11. What makes the difference?
- 12. Population!
- 13. Getting everyone together to discuss decision-making is challenging
- 14. Solving disputes between people who don’t know each other is challenging
- 15. Getting human and material resources to those who need them is challenging
- 16. Once a society reaches this level of complexity, it is considered civilized
- 18. Civilized societies are unfailingly really good at just 1 thing:
- 19. Making way more people
- 21. Why not just split? Things would be so much less complicated!
- 22. When near sedentary societies, hunter/gatherer societies become raider/trader societies
- 23. A large population with specialized jobs can lead a society from this…
- 24. … to this
- 25. and this
- 26. and this
- 27. and this
- 28. Why does authority formalize? Solve the problem, using as much evidence from class as possible.