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Workplace 
Health 
Without 
Borders 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
2 
WWoorrkkppllaaccee HHeeaalltthh WWiitthhoouutt BBoorrddeerrss 
WWeellccoommee ttoo WWoorrkkppllaaccee HHeeaalltthh WWiitthhoouutt BBoorrddeerrss ((WWHHWWBB)),, aa 
nnoonn--pprrooffiitt cchhaarriittyy ddeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh iissssuueess 
tthhaatt aaffffeecctt aallll wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess,, ppuubblliicc,, aanndd tthhee 
eennvviirroonnmmeenntt wwiitthhiinn tthhee gglloobbaall ccoommmmuunniittyy.. 
OOuurr oobbjjeeccttiivvee iiss ttoo rraaiissee aawwaarreenneessss ooff tthhee hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwoorrkkiinngg 
ccoonnddiittiioonnss aanndd eennvviirroonnmmeennttss.. MMaannyy rriisskkss ccaann bbee ccoonnttrroolllleedd 
bbyy ccoollllaabboorraattiinngg aanndd uussiinngg tteecchhnnoollooggyy.. JJooiinn uuss iinn oouurr mmiissssiioonn 
ttoo tthhee rreedduuccee rriisskk ooff ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall iillllnneessss,, iinnjjuurryy,, aanndd ddeeaatthh ttoo 
mmiilllliioonnss ooff wwoorrkkeerrss.. TThhee ssuussttaaiinnaabbllee bbuussiinneessss vvaalluuee wwiillll vvaassttllyy 
iimmpprroovvee pprrooffiittaabbiilliittyy,, pprroodduuccttiivviittyy,, aanndd hhuummaann ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee.. 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
TThheerree aarree 33 bbiilllliioonn 
wwoorrkkeerrss iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd…… 
22 bbiilllliioonn ooff tthheemm wwoorrkk iinn uunnssaaffee 
aanndd uunnhheeaalltthhyy ccoonnddiittiioonnss 
SSoouurrccee:: WWoorrlldd HHeeaalltthh OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((WWHHOO)),, 22000088 
EEvveerryy 1155 sseeccoonnddss,, aa wwoorrkkeerr ddiieess 
ffrroomm aa wwoorrkk--rreellaatteedd aacccciiddeenntt oorr 
ddiisseeaassee.. 
SSoouurrccee:: IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall LLaabboouurr OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((IILLOO)),, 22001144 
3 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
More people die each year from ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall iinnjjuurriieess 
aanndd ddiisseeaassee tthhaann ffrroomm ootthheerr mmaajjoorr ccaauusseess tthhaatt aarree 
mmuucchh mmoorree vviissiibbllee…….... 
Sources: 
1.ILO, 2013 2. WHO, 2012 deaths 3. WHO, 2010 deaths 4. Amnesty International, 2010
World Population Growth 
Growth rates of the world's most populous countries 
Rank Country Population 
2010 
Population 
1990 
Growth (%) 
1990–2010 
World 6,895,889,000 5,306,425,000 30.0% 
1 China 1,341,335,000 1,145,195,000 17.1% 
2 India 1,224,614,000 873,785,000 40.2% 
3 United States 310,384,000 253,339,000 22.5% 
4 Indonesia 239,871,000 184,346,000 30.1% 
5 Brazil 194,946,000 149,650,000 30.3% 
6 Pakistan 173,593,000 111,845,000 55.3% 
7 Nigeria 158,423,000 97,552,000 62.4% 
8 Bangladesh 148,692,000 105,256,000 41.3% 
9 Russia 142,958,000 148,244,000 -3.6% 
10 Japan 128,057,000 122,251,000 4.7% 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Source: UN PPrroojjeeccttiioonnss,, 22000055 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
TTOOPP 1100 RRAANNKKEEDD MMOOSSTT PPOOPPUULLAATTEEDD 
CCOOUUNNTTRRIIEESS FFOORR 22000033 AANNDD 22005500 
Countries Ranked by Population: 2003 
Rank 
Country 
Population 
1 China 
1,286,975,46 
8 
2 India 
1,049,700,11 
8 
3 United States 290,342,554 
4 Indonesia 234,893,453 
5 Brazil 182,032,604 
6 Pakistan 150,694,740 
7 Russia 144,526,278 
8 Bangladesh 138,448,210 
9 Nigeria 133,881,703 
10 Japan 127,214,499 
Countries Ranked by Population: 2050 
Rank Country Population 
1 India 1,601,004,572 
2 China 1,417,630,630 
3 United States 420,080,587 
4 Indonesia 336,247,428 
5 Nigeria 307,420,055 
6 Bangladesh 279,955,405 
7 Pakistan 267,813,495 
8 Brazil 228,426,737 
9 Congo (Kinshasa) 181,260,098 
10 Mexico 153,162,145 
SSoouurrccee:: WWoorrlldd PPooppuullaattiioonn SSiittuuaattiioonn 11995500--22005500 PPrreesseennttaattiioonn bbyy AAlliiaass AAbbdduullllaahh 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
EEmmeerrggiinngg NNaattiioonnaall EEccoonnoommiieess 
BBRRIICCSS CCoouunnttrriieess 
oun 
8 
Russia 
India 
Brazil 
China 
South Africa 
Source: WWoorrlldd BBaannkk,, 22001133 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
HHUUGGEE GGAAPP IINN OOCCCCUUPPAATTIIOONNAALL HHEEAALLTTHH 
EEXXPPEERRTTIISSEE 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
OOccccuuppaattiioonnaall hhyyggiieenniissttss aarree 
cceerrttiiffiieedd//rreeggiisstteerreedd iinn oonnllyy 1133 ccoouunnttrriieess 
WWee wwoouulldd nneeeedd 5555,,000000 mmoorree hhyyggiieenniissttss ttoo 
mmaattcchh tthhee lleevveell ooff sseerrvviiccee iinn tthheessee ccoouunnttrriieess
Construction and infrastructure 
Agriculture; plantations; rural sectors 
Informal economy 
Mining (coal; diamonds, metal mining) 
Food; drink; tobacco 
Oil and gas production; oil refining 
Forestry; wood; pulp and paper 
Basic metal production 
Chemical and petrochemical industr 
ies 
Mechanical and electrical engineering 
Transport equipment manufacturing 
Textiles; clothing; footwear 
Health services Public service 
Utilities (water; gas; electricity) 
Commerce 
Hotels; catering; tourism 
Shipping; ports; fishery; inland waters 
Transport (civil aviation; rails; road) 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
MMaannyy wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd cchhiillddrreenn aarree 
eennggaaggeedd iinn hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwoorrkkiinngg 
ccoonnddiittiioonnss iinn mmaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg,, 
mmiinniinngg,, ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn,, ffiisshhiinngg,, 
aaggrriiccuullttuurree,, ffaarrmmiinngg,, aanndd ootthheerr 
ooccccuuppaattiioonnss aaccrroossss tthhee gglloobbee.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoommeenn hhaarrvveessttiinngg aassbbeessttooss 
ffrroomm rroocckk 
SShhiipp bbrreeaakkiinngg iinn BBaannggllaaddeesshh 
WWoorrkkeerrss wwiitthhoouutt 
aaddeeqquuaattee ppeerrssoonnaall 
pprrootteeccttiivvee eeqquuiippmmeenntt aanndd 
ssaaffeettyy ttrraaiinniinngg 
hhttttpp::////yyoouuttuu..bbee//ffxxUUGGOONNRR99ppQQww 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
MMuummbbaaii//BBoommbbaayy,, IInnddiiaa.. 
WWoorrkkeerrss uusseedd tthheeiirr ssttrreeeett 
ccllootthhiinngg aass rreessppiirraattoorrss iinn 
sshhiippbbrreeaakkiinngg ooppeerraattiioonnss ttoo 
pprrootteecctt tthheemmsseellvveess ffrroomm 
wweellddiinngg ffuummeess aanndd dduusstt 
wwhhiillee uussiinngg bbllooww ttoorrcchheess ttoo 
ccuutt tthhee mmeettaall hhuullllss.. 
WWoorrkkeerrss iinn aa sshhiipp bbrreeaakkiinngg 
yyaarrdd iinn CChhiittttaaggoonngg,, 
BBaannggllaaddeesshh rreemmoovvee 
aassbbeessttooss llaaggggiinngg ffrroomm tthhee 
sshhiipp sstteeaamm ppiippeess aanndd 
bbooiilleerrss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Construction wwoorrkkeerr ccuuttttiinngg cciinnddeerr 
bblloocckkss eexxppoosseedd ttoo ssiilliiccaa dduusstt 
WWoorrkkeerr ccaarrttiinngg hhaanndd--mmaaddee 
bbrriicckkss ttoo llooccaall mmaarrkkeett 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
MMeenn uunnllooaadd ccaarrtt ffrroomm ““rraatt 
hhoollee”” iinnssiiddee aa ccooaall mmiinnee 
AA wwoorrkkeerr aanndd hhiiss ffaammiillyy 
mmiinniinngg,, sseeppaarraattiinngg aanndd 
ggaatthheerriinngg ccooaall ffoorr ssaallee 
MMiinneerrss eexxppoosseedd ttoo hheeaatt ssttrreessss,, 
ssiilliiccaa aanndd lleeaadd dduusstt 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd 
ttoo eexxttrreemmee ccoolldd aaiirr 
tteemmppeerraattuurreess aanndd 
ssttrroonngg gguussttyy wwiinnddss 
iinnccrreeaasseess tthhee wwiinndd 
cchhiillll ffaaccttoorr aanndd 
ddaannggeerr ooff ffrroossttbbiittee 
aanndd hhyyppootthheerrmmiiaa.. 
EExxppoossuurree ttoo ggllaarree 
ffrroomm ssuunnlliigghhtt UUVV 
rraaddiiaattiioonn iinnccrreeaasseess 
sskkiinn ccaanncceerr rriisskk 
aanndd 2244--hhoouurrss ooff 
ssuunnlliigghhtt iimmppaaccttss 
cciirrccaaddiiaann rrhhyytthhmmss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
SSeeaaffaarreerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd 
hhaarrsshh wweeaatthheerr aanndd sseeaa 
ssttaatteess aass wweellll aass nnooiissee aanndd 
hhaanndd aarrmm vviibbrraattiioonn ffrroomm 
cchhiippppiinngg mmaacchhiinnee ((rruusstt 
bbuusstt)),, nneeeeddllee gguunnss,, hhaanndd 
hheelldd ggrriinnddeerrss,, aanndd ddiieesseell 
ppoowweerreedd eennggiinneess.. 
AAss aassbbeessttooss hhaass bbeeeenn 
rreemmoovveedd ffrroomm nneewweerr sshhiippss 
ootthheerr ppootteennttiiaall ccaarrcciinnooggeennss 
ssuucchh aass bbeerryylllliiuumm ((pprroodduucctt 
ttaannkkeerrss)),, ccaaddmmiiuumm,, lleeaadd,, eettcc.. 
hhaavvee bbeeeenn iinnttrroodduucceedd iinn ttoo 
tthhee wwoorrkkppllaaccee.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
OOiill aanndd ggaass wwoorrkkeerrss aaccrroossss tthhee 
gglloobbee aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo 
eerrggoonnoommiiccss--rreellaatteedd iinnjjuurryy 
rriisskkss,, ssuucchh aass lliiffttiinngg hheeaavvyy 
iitteemmss,, bbeennddiinngg,, rreeaacchhiinngg 
oovveerrhheeaadd,, ppuusshhiinngg aanndd ppuulllliinngg 
hheeaavvyy llooaaddss,, aanndd wwoorrkkiinngg iinn 
aawwkkwwaarrdd bbooddyy ppoossttuurreess.. 
OOccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh eexxppoossuurreess 
aallssoo iinncclluuddee:: 
HHyyddrrooggeenn ssuullffiiddee ggaass 
CCrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa dduusstt 
DDiieesseell ffuummee eemmiissssiioonnss 
NNOORRMM 
TTeemmppeerraattuurree eexxttrreemmeess 
FFaattiigguuee 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
CChheemmiiccaall ssttoorraaggee ooff 
ffllaammmmaabbllee oorr 
ccoommbbuussttiibbllee lliiqquuiiddss,, 
ooxxiiddiizzeerrss,, rreeaaccttiivvee 
cchheemmiiccaallss,, 
eexxpplloossiivvee ppoowwddeerrss 
aanndd dduusstt,, aanndd ootthheerr 
hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee 
mmaatteerriiaallss iiss ddoonnee 
pprreeccaarriioouussllyy wwiitthhoouutt 
aannyy hhaazzaarrdd wwaarrnniinnggss 
oorr pprreeccaauuttiioonnaarryy 
ssttaatteemmeennttss.. 
SSaaffeettyy DDaattaa SShheeeettss 
aarree nnoott ggiivveenn ttoo 
wwoorrkkeerrss ttoo 
uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee 
hheeaalltthh hhaazzaarrddss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Air Pollution (Sand/Dust/Particulate Matter) 
Animal Bites (Rabies) 
Animal Bodies 
Biological Warfare Agents 
Chemical Warfare Agents 
Chlorine Gas 
Depleted Uranium 
Excessive Vibration 
Fog Oils and Garbage 
Human Body, Body Fluids, Body Parts, Dead Bodies 
Industrial Pollution - Toxic Chemicals 
Insect Bites 
Ionizing Radiation 
JP8 or Other Fuels 
Lasers 
Loud Noises 
Metal Fragments 
Other Exposures to Toxic Chemicals or Materials 
Ammonia 
Formaldehyde 
Nitric Acid 
Sodium Dichromate (Hexavalent Chromium) 
Sulfur 
Paints 
Pesticides 
Radar/Microwaves 
Smoke from Burning Trash or Feces (Burn Pits) 
Smoke from Oil Fire 
Solvents 
Tuberculosis 
Vehicle or Truck Exhaust Fumes 
Warfare Agents
In the developing world, roughly 9900%% ooff sseewwaaggee iiss ddiisscchhaarrggeedd 
uunnttrreeaatteedd iinnttoo rriivveerrss,, llaakkeess aanndd ccooaassttaall aarreeaass,, wwiitthh aa wwiiddeesspprreeaadd 
nneeggaattiivvee iimmppaacctt oonn hheeaalltthh.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AAbboouutt 778833 mmiilllliioonn ppeeooppllee,, oorr 1111%% 
ooff tthhee gglloobbaall ppooppuullaattiioonn,, ddooeess nnoott 
hhaavvee aacccceessss ssaaffee ddrriinnkkiinngg wwaatteerr.. 
CChhoolleerraa,, ttyypphhooiidd,, mmaallaarriiaa aanndd 
ootthheerr wwaatteerrbboorrnnee iillllnneesssseess,, ttooxxiicc 
cchheemmiiccaallss aanndd rraaddiioollooggiiccaall 
aaggeennttss kkiillll 55 mmiilllliioonn ppeeooppllee eeaacchh 
yyeeaarr ---- 66,,000000 cchhiillddrreenn eevveerryy ddaayy.. 
OOppeenn ddeeffeeccaattiioonn iiss pprraaccttiicceedd oouuttssiiddee oorr iinn ppuubblliicc ddoonnee dduuee ttoo 
ccuullttuurraall pprraaccttiicceess oorr nnoo aacccceessss ttoo ttooiilleettss oorr llaattrriinneess,, wwhhiicchh 
aaffffeeccttss oonnee tthhiirrdd ooff hhuummaanniittyy ((22..55 bbiilllliioonn)) ppeeooppllee ccaauussiinngg 
ccoonnsseeqquueenncceess oonn hhuummaann hheeaalltthh.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
SSoouurrccee:: UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss aanndd NNaattuurraall RReessoouurrcceess DDeeffeennssee 
CCoouunncciill
Manual Removal and TTrraannssppoorrtt ooff BBiioossoolliiddss 
((MMaallaayyssiiaa)) 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
RReedd ppoolllluutteedd wwaatteerr 
fflloowwss ffrroomm JJiiaann 
RRiivveerr iinn LLoouuyyaanngg 
NNoorrtthh CChhiinnaa HHeennaann 
PPrroovviinnccee 
MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess 
OOvveerrffllooww ooff ffooaamm 
aanndd rreelleeaassee ooff 
ttooxxiicc ggaass ffrroomm 
TTiieettee RRiivveerr iinn SSaaoo 
PPaauulloo,, BBrraazziill 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess
MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess 
CChhiillddrreenn ppllaayy iinn 
tthhee ppoolllluutteedd 
JJaarrkkaarrttaa RRiivveerr,, IInnddiiaa 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
AAnn IInnddiiaann mmaann 
bbaatthheess iinn tthhee ppoolllluutteedd 
wwaatteerrss ooff tthhee YYaammuunnaa 
rriivveerr iinn NNeeww DDeellhhii 
MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess
MMaannddaallaayy,, BBuurrmmaa//MMyyaannmmaarr 
WWoorrkkeerrss hhaanndd cchhiisseell ssttaattuutteess 
mmaaddee ooff ssttoonnee ccoonnttaaiinniinngg 
hhiigghh lleevveellss ooff ssiilliiccaa dduusstt 
wwiitthhoouutt aannyy mmeecchhaanniiccaall 
eexxhhaauusstt vveennttiillaattiioonn ttoo rreedduuccee 
tthhee dduusstt eexxppoossuurree.. 
WWoorrkkeerrss ddoonn’’tt hhaavvee 
rreessppiirraattoorrss,, ppeerrssoonnaall 
pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg oorr ttrraaiinniinngg 
ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee hheeaalltthh 
hhaazzaarrddss ooff ssiilliiccaa dduusstt.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
IInn tthhee iinntteennssee hheeaatt,, 
wwoorrkkeerrss mmiixx cchheemmiiccaallss 
iinn aa ffiirreewwoorrkkss ffaaccttoorryy iinn 
SSiivvaakkaassii ttoowwnn iinn tthhee 
ssoouutthheerrnn IInnddiiaann ssttaattee ooff 
TTaammiill NNaadduu.. 
WWiitthhoouutt gglloovveess oorr mmaasskkss,, 
ssiittttiinngg oonn tthhee fflloooorr;; wwoorrkkeerrss 
ffiillll ppaappeerr ttuubbeess ffiilllleedd wwiitthh 
aa mmiixxttuurree ooff aalluummiinnuumm 
ppoowwddeerr,, ppoottaassssiiuumm nniittrraattee 
aanndd ssuullffuurr,, aanndd ttiippppeedd wwiitthh 
mmuudd.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AAggrriiccuullttuurraall mmiiggrraanntt wwoorrkkeerrss aarree 
eexxppoosseedd ttoo iinntteennssee hheeaatt aanndd 
hhuummiiddiittyy dduurriinngg tthhee ccuullttiivvaattiioonn 
aanndd hhaarrvveesstt;; wweett ttoobbaaccccoo ppllaannttss 
ttrraannssffeerr nniiccoottiinnee tthhrroouugghh tthhee sskkiinn 
aanndd wwoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo 
ppeessttiicciiddeess wwhhiillee wwoorrkkiinngg iinn tthhee 
ffiieellddss wwiitthhoouutt gglloovveess oorr pprrootteeccttiivvee 
ccllootthhiinngg.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
EEvveerryy yyeeaarr aabboouutt 2200--5500 
mmiilllliioonn ttoonnss ooff ee--wwaassttee 
iiss pprroodduucceedd iinn tthhee 
wwoorrlldd wwiitthh 7700%% sshhiippppeedd 
ttoo CChhiinnaa,, aanndd tthhee rreesstt 
sseenntt ttoo IInnddiiaa oorr ppoooorr 
AAffrriiccaann ccoouunnttrriieess.. 
IInn GGuuiiyyuu,, aabboouutt 8800%% ooff 
tthhee ffaammiilliieess 
ddiissaasssseemmbbllee eelleeccttrriicc 
wwiirree,, ppllaassttiiccss aanndd 
cciirrccuuiitt bbooaarrddss wwiitthh tthheeiirr 
bbaarree hhaannddss;; tthheenn tthhee 
uunnpprrootteecctteedd wwoorrkkeerrss 
uussee ffiirree aanndd mmeerrccuurriicc 
aacciidd bbaatthhss ttoo eexxttrraacctt 
pprreecciioouuss,, mmoossttllyy ttooxxiicc 
mmeettaallss.. 
For more information on the toxins of e-waste 
watch: The Story of Electronics 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW_7i6T_H78 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
TThheessee CChhiinneessee 
wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd tthheeiirr 
ffaammiillyy aarree nnoott jjuusstt 
wwoorrkkiinngg,, bbuutt aallssoo 
lliivviinngg iinn mmoouunnttaaiinnss ooff 
ee--wwaassttee.. 
MMoorree tthhaann 8822%% ooff 
tthhee GGuuiiyyuu cchhiillddrreenn 
tteesstteedd hhaadd wwhhoollee 
bblloooodd//lleeaadd lleevveellss 
>>110000 μμgg//ddll 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
32 
JJhhaarrkkhhaanndd,, IInnddiiaa.. AA yyoouunngg bbooyy ccaarrrriieess aa cchhuunnkk ooff ccooaall iinnttoo 
tthhee mmiinniinngg ccaammpp wwhheerree hhee lliivveess.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo 
hhiigghhllyy nnooxxiioouuss ggaasseess 
((hhyyddrrooggeenn ssuullffiiddee,, ssuullffuurr 
ddiiooxxiiddee aanndd ssuullffuurriicc 
aacciidd)) wwhhiillee mmiinniinngg 
mmoolltteenn ssuullffuurr ttoo mmaakkee 
mmaattcchheess aanndd ssooaapp ffrroomm 
tthhee KKaawwaahh IIjjeenn vvoollccaannoo 
iinn EEaasstt JJaavvaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa.. 
EEaacchh bbaasskkeett hhoollddss 
>> 7700kkgg ooff ssuullffuurr 
aanndd wwoorrkkeerrss cclliimmbb 
uupphhiillll aabboouutt 33 kkmm 
ttoo tthhee ccoolllleeccttiioonn 
ppooiinntt ttwwiiccee aa ddaayy.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerrss ccuutt ffiirreewwoooodd ttoo lliigghhtt 
aann aarrttiissaannaall bbrriicckk kkiillnn iinn 
KKaabbuull,, AAffgghhaanniissttaann.. 
BBeellooww aa wwoorrkkeerr ssooaakkss ddrryy 
ccooww dduunngg iinn aa mmiixxttuurree ooff 
kkeerroosseennee aanndd ggaassoolliinnee aatt aa 
kkiillnn nneeaarr AAmmrriittssaarr,, IInnddiiaa.. TThhee 
mmiixxttuurree wwiillll bbee uusseedd ttoo iiggnniittee 
tthhee kkiillnn.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
35 
Workers pour ccooaall iinnttoo tthhee ffiirree ooff aa BBuullll’’ss 
ttrreenncchh kkiillnn oouuttssiiddee KKaabbuull.. CCoonnttiinnuuaall kkiillnnss 
ccaann ooppeerraattee wwiitthhoouutt ssttooppppiinngg ffoorr mmoonntthhss 
aanndd eevveenn yyeeaarrss aass wwoorrkkeerrss sstteeaaddiillyy ffiirree 
ffrreesshh bbaattcchheess ooff bbrriicckkss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
36 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
Brick kilns dot the landscape iinn RRaawwaallppiinnddii,, PPaakkiissttaann.. AA 22001122 ssttuuddyy 
sshhoowweedd tthhaatt hhyyddrrooggeenn fflluuoorriiddee eemmiissssiioonnss ffrroomm kkiillnnss iinn nneeaarrbbyy 
PPeesshhaawwaarr sseevveerreellyy ddaammaaggeedd cceerrttaaiinn eeccoonnoommiiccaallllyy iimmppoorrttaanntt ccrrooppss.
Blasting during coal strip mining can release toxic gases. The orange color indicates CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
State owned urea fertilizer plant ddiisscchhaarrggeess aaiirr eemmiissssiioonnss bbyy 
PPaalleemmbbaanngg cciittyy rriivveerr ccaappiittaall ooff SSoouutthh SSuummaannttrraa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa..
Countries with Worst Outdoor Air 
Pollution Ranked by WHO (2014) 
1. PPaakkiissttaann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 110011 μμgg//mm33 
22.. QQaattaarr -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 9922 μμgg//mm33 
33.. AAffgghhaanniissttaann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 8844 μμgg//mm33 
44.. BBaannggllaaddeesshh -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7799 μμgg//mm33 
55.. IIrraann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7766 μμgg//mm33 
66.. EEggyypptt -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7744 μμgg//mm33 
77.. MMoonnggoolliiaa -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 6644 μμgg//mm33 
88.. UUnniitteedd AArraabb EEmmiirraatteess -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 6611 μμgg//mm33 
99.. IInnddiiaa -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 5599 μμgg//mm33 
1100.. BBaahhrraaiinn -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 5577 μμgg//mm33 
WWHHOO ccoonnssiiddeerrss aavveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 2255 μμgg//mm33 aa ssaaffee lleevveell.. 
SSoouurrccee:: NNeewwss..ccoomm..aauu AAuugguusstt 2288,, 22001144 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Delhi has the highest level of tthhee aaiirrbboorrnnee ppaarrttiiccuullaattee mmaatttteerr,, PPMM22..55 
ccoonnssiiddeerreedd mmoosstt hhaarrmmffuull ttoo hheeaalltthh,, wwiitthh 115533 uugg//mm33.. NNoott ffaarr bbeehhiinndd iiss 
aannootthheerr IInnddiiaann cciittyy,, PPaattnnaa wwiitthh 114499 uugg//mm33.. HHaallff ooff tthhee ttoopp 2200 mmoosstt 
ppoolllluutteedd cciittiieess wweerree iinn IInnddiiaa.. SSoouurrccee:: CCNNNN MMaayy 88,, 22001144 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
In China, tens of mmiilllliioonnss ooff rruurraall hhoouusseehhoollddss ssttiillll bbuurrnn ccooaall ddiirreeccttllyy 
iinnssiiddee tthheeiirr hhoommeess ttoo ccooookk.. BBuutt iinn IInnddiiaa aanndd AAffrriiccaa,, wwoooodd aanndd 
cchhaarrccooaall aarree ffaarr mmoorree ccoommmmoonn.. AAnndd iinn ccoouunnttrriieess lliikkee KKeennyyaa oorr 
EEtthhiiooppiiaa wwhheerree wwoooodd iiss ssccaarrccee,, aanniimmaall dduunngg oorr ccrroopp wwaassttee iiss uusseedd.. 
DDiiffffeerreenntt ffuueellss lleeaadd ttoo ddiiffffeerreenntt hheeaalltthh pprroobblleemmss.. 
SSoouurrccee:: TThhee LLaanncceett RReessppiirraattoorryy MMeeddiicciinnee 22001144 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AAiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn ffrroomm iinnddoooorr 
ccooookk ffiirreess aarree aa lleeaaddiinngg 
ccaauussee ooff ddeeaatthh wwoorrllddwwiiddee.. 
SSoouurrccee:: UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss 
WWHHOO,, 22001144 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
IInn mmaannyy ppaarrttss ooff rruurraall 
NNeeppaall,, wwoommeenn ssppeenndd oonn 
aavveerraaggee ooff ffiivvee hhoouurrss aa 
ddaayy iinn ssmmookkee--ffiilllleedd 
kkiittcchheennss ssuucchh aass tthheessee,, 
uunnddeerrmmiinniinngg tthheeiirr hheeaalltthh..
TThhoossee wwhhoo ggrriinndd aanndd 
ppoolliisshh aaggaattee oofftteenn 
ccoonnttrraacctt ssiilliiccoossiiss,, aa 
lluunngg ddiisseeaassee,, ffrroomm 
iinnhhaalliinngg tthhee dduusstt 
wwiitthhoouutt uussiinngg 
mmeecchhaanniiccaall eexxhhaauusstt 
vveennttiillaattiioonn aanndd//oorr 
rreessppiirraattoorr aanndd 
pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg.. 
KKhhaammbbhhaatt,, IInnddiiaa 
PPhhoottoo ccoouurrtteessyy IInnssttiittuuttee ffoorr GGlloobbaall LLaabboouurr aanndd HHuummaann RRiigghhttss 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
44 
A 13-year-old child labors in a silver ccooookkiinngg ppoott ffaaccttoorryy iinn OOlldd 
DDhhaakkaa ffoorr 1100 hhoouurr ddaayyss iinn hhaazzaarrddoouuss ccoonnddiittiioonnss iinn DDhhaakkaa,, 
BBaannggllaaddeesshh 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
A 11-year-old labors in a silver cooking ppoott ffaaccttoorryy wwhheerree hhiiss sskkiinn iiss 
ppeerrmmaanneennttllyy ddiissccoolloorreedd ffrroomm eexxppoossuurree ttoo tthhee ssiillvveerr dduusstt..
46 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
Guangdong Province. Chinese ddeenniimm ffaaccttoorryy wwoorrkkeerrss ssaannddbbllaasstt 
bblluuee jjeeaannss,, ddeessppiittee hhaazzaarrddoouuss eexxppoossuurree ttoo ccrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa dduusstt..
47 
Children at a bbrriicckk ffaaccttoorryy iinn FFaattuullllaahh -- 
ffoorr eeaacchh 11,,000000 bbrriicckkss tthheeyy ccaarrrryy,, tthheeyy 
eeaarrnn aa wwaaggee iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AA yyoouunngg ggiirrll wwoorrkkss iinn aa bbrriicckk 
ccrruusshhiinngg ffaaccttoorryy iinn DDhhaakkaa,, 
BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. 
SShhee iiss ccoonnttiinnuuoouussllyy bbeeiinngg 
eexxppoosseedd ttoo ccrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa 
dduusstt wwiitthhoouutt aannyy 
uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg ooff tthhee hhaazzaarrdd,, 
wweeaarriinngg aannyy rreessppiirraattoorryy 
pprrootteeccttiioonn,, pprrootteeccttiivvee 
ccllootthhiinngg,, oorr uussiinngg aannyy 
eennggiinneeeerriinngg aanndd//oorr 
aaddmmiinniissttrraattiivvee ccoonnttrroollss ttoo 
rreedduuccee tthhee aaiirrbboorrnnee dduusstt 
lleevveell.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
49 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
Ten-year-old working in a door lock ffaaccttoorryy iinn OOlldd DDhhaakkaa.. UUnnlliikkee 
hhiiss ccoolllleeaagguuee,, tthhee ccoo--wwoorrkkeerr wwoorrkkss wwiitthhoouutt aa mmaasskk ttoo pprrootteecctt 
aaggaaiinnsstt eexxppoossuurree ttoo mmeettaall dduusstt..
AAbboovvee 88--yyeeaarr--oolldd cchhiilldd llaabboorrss 
iinn aa rriicckksshhaaww ffaaccttoorryy ffoorr 1100 
hhoouurrss aa ddaayy.. 
CChhiillddrreenn wwoorrkk lloonngg wwoorrkkiinngg 
hhoouurrss wwiitthh iinnaaddeeqquuaattee oorr nnoo rreesstt 
ppeerriioodd.. 
TThheeyy aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo vvaappoorrss 
aanndd ggaasseess ffrroomm cclleeaanniinngg mmeettaall 
ppaarrttss wwiitthhoouutt vveennttiillaattiioonn.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
YYoouunngg llaabboorreerrss mmaakkiinngg mmeettaall 
ccoommppoonneennttss aatt aa ffaaccttoorryy iinn DDhhaakkaa,, 
BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. EErrggoonnoommiiccss aanndd mmeettaall 
dduusstt//ffuummee eexxppoossuurree aarree aa ffeeww 
ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh rriisskkss 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
OOfftteenn wwoorrkkiinngg 
cchhiillddrreenn 
ooppeerraattee iinn 
hhaazzaarrddoouuss 
ccoonnddiittiioonnss 
wwiitthhoouutt ssaaffeettyy 
pprreeccaauuttiioonnss.. 
TThhiiss BBoolliivviiaann 
bbooyy iinn LLaa PPaazz iiss 
pprreeppaarriinngg ttoo 
ssaaww aa hheeaavvyy 
iirroonn bbaarr.. 
CCoouurrtteessyy JJeeaann PPiieerrrree LLaaffffoonntt//UUNN PPhhoottoo))
BBaannggllaaddeesshh’’ss 
ttaannnneerriieess aarree 
ccoonncceennttrraatteedd aalloonngg 
tthhee bbaannkkss ooff tthhee 
BBuurriiggaannggaa RRiivveerr.. 
EEvveerryy ddaayy tthheessee 
ffaaccttoorriieess ddiisscchhaarrggee 
tthhoouussaannddss ooff lliitteerrss ooff 
ttooxxiicc lliiqquuiidd wwaassttee iinnttoo 
tthhee nneeaarrbbyy rriivveerr.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Many workers handle barrels ooff cchheemmiiccaallss wwiitthhoouutt gglloovveess 
aanndd wwaallkk bbaarreeffoooott oonn fflloooorrss ccoovveerreedd iinn cchhrroommiicc aacciidd.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AA BBaannggllaaddeesshhii mmaann 
ssoorrttss ttaannnneerryy wwaassttee 
ffoorr ppoouullttrryy aanndd ffiisshh 
ffeeeedd iinn nneeaarrbbyy rriivveerr 
PPhhoottooss ccoouurrtteessyy ooff AAssssoocciiaatteedd PPrreessss 
AA BBaannggllaaddeesshhii 
mmaann pprroocceesssseess 
ttaannnneerryy wwaassttee 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
MMiiggrraanntt rruurraall 
wwoorrkkeerr ffrroomm 
CChhiinnaa’’ss SSiicchhuuaann 
pprroovviinnccee,, wwoorrkkss 
oonn oonnee ooff mmaannyy 
ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn 
ssiitteess iinn tthhee cciittyy 
ooff CChhoonnggqqiinngg.. 
JJuusstt aass aa 110000 
yyeeaarrss aaggoo,, 
hhoouusseess aarree 
oofftteenn 
ddeemmoolliisshheedd 
wwiitthh sslleeddggee-- 
hhaammmmeerrss.. 
NNoo 
ccoonnssiiddeerraattiioonn iiss 
ggiivveenn ffoorr tthheeiirr 
hheeaalltthh 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. eexxppoossuurree..
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
At the Anyuan coal mine iinn CChhiinnaa,, aa mmiinneerr mmaakkeess hhiiss wwaayy ttoo tthhee 
sshhoowweerr.. CCooaall dduusstt oonn hhiiss ffaaccee ssuuggggeessttss hhee ddooeess nnoott wweeaarr aa rreessppiirraattoorr..
China has strict rules on asbestos use, bbuutt tthheessee aarree oofftteenn iiggnnoorreedd iinn 
ssmmaallll--ssccaallee,, uunnrreegguullaatteedd wwoorrkksshhooppss.. MMoorree tthhaann 110000 ““aassbbeessttooss 
eenntteerrpprriisseess”” cclloossee bbyy iinn YYuuyyaaoo aanndd nneeiigghhbboorriinngg CCiixxii aarree mmoossttllyy 
ffaammiillyy--rruunn bbuussiinneesssseess.. AAllll uussee cchhrryyssoottiillee wwhhiittee aassbbeessttooss,, tthhee oonnllyy kkiinndd 
ooff aassbbeessttooss nnooww aalllloowweedd iinn CChhiinnaa.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Nearly 93% of the workforce in India is wwhheerree wwoorrkkeerrss aarree rroouuttiinneellyy 
eexxppoosseedd ttoo aassbbeessttooss.. AAssbbeessttooss pprroodduuccttss aarree pprreesseenntt eevveerryy bbuuiillddiinngg.. 
WWhheenn wwoorrkkeerrss ggoo bbaacckk hhoommee,, tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess aarree eexxppoosseedd ffrroomm tthhee 
ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd ssttrreeeett ccllootthhiinngg.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Garment and rruugg wwoorrkkeerrss iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh aarree 
eexxppoosseedd ttoo hhaarrsshh eerrggoonnoommiicc aanndd hhuummaann ffaaccttoorr 
hhaazzaarrddss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
IInn CCôôttee dd’’IIvvooiirree aanndd WWeesstt 
AAffrriiccaa,, wwoorrkkeerrss ooppeerraattee 
hhaazzaarrddoouuss mmaacchhiinneerryy,, mmiixx 
aanndd aappppllyy cchheemmiiccaallss ttoo 
ccooccooaa ttrreeeess;; hhaarrvveesstt rriippee 
ccooccooaa ppooddss wwiitthh kknniivveess 
aanndd ccaarrrryy hheeaavvyy bbeeaann 
ssaacckkss ffoorr pprroocceessssiinngg.. 
CCooccooaa,, tthhee rraaww 
iinnggrreeddiieenntt ffoorr 
cchhooccoollaattee,, iiss 
rreessppoonnssiibbllee ffoorr aabboouutt 
4400%% ooff gglloobbaall 
eexxppoorrtt.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
When things go wrong onboard, wwoorrkkeerrss lliikkee tthheessee iinn TThhaaiillaanndd hhaavvee 
ttoo bbee aabbllee ttoo uunnddeerrttaakkee uurrggeenntt eennggiinneeeerriinngg aanndd rreeppaaiirr wwoorrkk,, oofftteenn 
aatt sseeaa aanndd iinn hhoossttiillee ccoonnddiittiioonnss.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
Bangladesh’s shrimp iinndduussttrryy ddooccuummeennttss eexxaammpplleess ooff hhaazzaarrddoouuss 
wwoorrkkiinngg ccoonnddiittiioonnss hheeaalltthh aanndd ssaaffeettyy vviioollaattiioonnss,, aanndd eexxcceessssiivvee hhoouurrss..
A 10-year-old child works uunnddeerr uunnhheeaalltthhyy ccoonnddiittiioonnss aatt aa ggaarrbbaaggee 
dduummppiinngg ssiittee iinn DDeemmrraa,, DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. HHee ccaannnnoott aaffffoorrdd aannyy 
sshhooeess aanndd iiss vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo ssiicckknneessss,, iinnjjuurriieess,, aanndd ddiisseeaassee.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Kajla rubbish dump is one of three landfills in a city of 12M people. 
Around 5,000 tons of garbage are dumped daily and >1,000 people 
work in the rubbish, sorting waste, and collecting items to sell to 
retailers. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Most slaughter house workers are in a continuous state of pain due to the 
long hours and repetitive strain injuries due to nature of their work. 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
H1N1 Virus 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
 LLeepprroossyy 
 LLeeiisshhmmaanniiaassiiss 
 MMaallaarriiaa 
 TTuubbeerrccuulloossiiss 
 DDeenngguuee aanndd sseevveerree ddeenngguuee 
 BBuurruullii uullcceerr 
 HHeeppaattiittiiss AA,, BB,, CC,, aanndd EE 
 TTrryyppaannoossoommiiaassiiss,, HHuummaann AAffrriiccaann ((sslleeeeppiinngg ssiicckknneessss)) 
 PPoolliioommyyeelliittiiss 
 MMeeaasslleess 
 CCrriimmeeaann--CCoonnggoo hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr 
 MMeenniinnggooccooccccaall mmeenniinnggiittiiss 
 MMaarrbbuurrgg hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr 
 EEbboollaa hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr 
 CChhoolleerraa 
 MMoonnkkeeyyppooxx 
 IInnfflluueennzzaa ((SSeeaassoonnaall)) 
 RRiifftt VVaalllleeyy ffeevveerr 
 SSmmaallllppooxx 
Infectious 
Diseases 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerrss wwiillll ddeeccaanntt tthhee lliiqquuiidd 
ffuueell aanndd ooxxiiddiizzeerrss ssttoorreedd aatt 
aann aabbaannddoonneedd cchheemmiiccaall 
ssttoorraaggee ssiittee iinn TTrriippoollii,, LLiibbyyaa.. 
EEvveennttuuaallllyy,, tthhee ffuueell wwiillll bbee 
bbuurrnntt aanndd tthhee ooxxiiddiizzeerrss wwiillll 
bbee nneeuuttrraalliizzeedd aanndd 
ccoonnvveerrtteedd ttoo ffeerrttiilliizzeerr ffoorr 
ffaarrmmiinngg.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
IImmaaggeess bbyy LLaarrrryy CC.. PPrriiccee.. PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, 2200113 IImmaaggeess bbyy LLaarrrryy CC.. PPrriiccee.. PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, 2200113 
Credit: Larry Price/Center for Investigative Journalism 
In the coastal aarreeaass ooff tthhee PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, ccllaayy 
ccoonnttaaiinniinngg tthhee ggoolldd oorree iiss bbeellooww tthhee wwaatteerr 
ttaabbllee.. MMoosstt mmiinniinngg aaccttiivviittyy mmuusstt ttaakkee ppllaaccee 
uunnddeerrwwaatteerr.. 
CChhiillddrreenn ssuuppppoorrtt tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess bbyy ccoommpprreessssoorr 
mmiinniinngg ffoorr ggoolldd iinn tthhee sseeddiimmeenntt ooff tthhee 
MMaammbbuullaaoo BBaayy,, eevveenn tthhoouugghh iitt iiss bbaannnneedd bbyy 
tthhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt.. 
hhttttppss::////wwwwww..yyoouuttuubbee..ccoomm//wwaattcchh??vv==88ppssBB--oo--eerr55kk&&iinnddeexx==11&&lliisstt==LLLLnn66OO22ZZMMMMddyy--vvDDiiNNee55xxFFCCPPddgg 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Miners are negatively impacted by poor working conditions aanndd mmeerrccuurryy eexxppoossuurree.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
AA mmaann wwaasshheess ooffff mmuudd 
ffrroomm aa ppiitt wwaallll wwiitthh aa hhoossee 
aalloonngg aa rrooaaddssiiddee nneeaarr 
AAiirraannyyiirr iinn TThhaaiillaanndd.. 
TTwwoo mmeenn cchheecckk tthheeiirr yyiieelldd 
ooff ttiinn iinn aa ppiitt aafftteerr aa ddaayy''ss 
mmiinniinngg aatt aa ssiittee nneeaarr 
SSaammffuurr,, BBaannggkkaa.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerrss uussee rraaffttss wwiitthh 
rruubbbbeerr ttuubbeess ttoo llooookk ffoorr ttiinn 
iinn aa llaarrggee ppiitt aatt aann iilllleeggaall 
mmiinniinngg ssiittee iinn tthhee ffoorreessttss ooff 
BBaannggkkaa,, TThhaaiillaanndd.. 
WWoorrkkeerrss rriisskk hheeaalltthh 
hhaazzaarrddss aanndd aarrrreesstt ffoorr 
ssmmaallll qquuaannttiittiieess ooff ttiinn,, 
wwhhiicchh ffeettcchheess mmoorree 
mmoonneeyy tthhaann ffiisshhiinngg oorr 
ffaarrmmiinngg.. 
AA mmaann sshhoowwss hhiiss yyiieelldd ooff 
ttiinn aafftteerr aa ddaayy''ss mmiinniinngg iinn 
aa ppiitt aalloonngg aa rrooaadd nneeaarr 
AAiirraannyyiirr,, MMeerraawwaanngg-- 
BBaannggkkaa,, TThhaaiillaanndd.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WWoorrkkeerr cchheecckkss ssaanndd 
ppuummppeedd uupp ffrroomm tthhee 
sseeaa fflloooorr ffoorr ttiinn ooffff tthhee 
iissllaanndd ccooaasstt ooff 
BBaannggkkaa,, nneeaarr TTaannjjuunngg 
GGuunnuunngg.. 
GGoolldd iiss mmiinneedd iinn tthhee 
BBeerriinngg SSeeaa aanndd GGuullff ooff 
AAllaasskkaa.. 
AA wwoorrkkeerr hhaannddlleess ssmmeelltteedd 
ttiinn ffrroomm aa rreeffrraaccttoorryy oovveenn 
bbeeffoorree ttuurrnniinngg iitt iinnttoo iinnggoottss.. 
TTiinn eennddss uupp aass ssoollddeerr iinn 
mmiilllliioonnss ooff mmoobbiillee pphhoonneess,, 
llaappttooppss aanndd ccoommppuutteerrss iinn 
EEuurrooppee,, UUSS aanndd AAssiiaa.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
DDiivveerrss wwoorrkk iinn 
ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd 
eennvviirroonnmmeennttss iinncclluuddiinngg ooiill 
aanndd cchheemmiiccaall ssppiillllss;; 
ssaallvvaaggee ooff ssuunnkkeenn bbaarrggeess 
ccaarrrryyiinngg hhaazzaarrddoouuss 
mmaatteerriiaallss;; iinnssiiddee ccoonnffiinneedd 
ssppaacceess;; ppiippeelliinneess wwiitthh 
mmuunniicciippaall rraaww sseewwaaggee,, aanndd 
aa wwiiddee aarrrraayy ooff ootthheerr 
cchheemmiiccaallllyy ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd 
eennvviirroonnmmeennttss.. 
BBeessiiddee ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh 
hhaazzaarrddss,, ddiivveerrss wwoorrrryy aabboouutt 
sseeaa ssttaattee ccoonnddiittiioonnss aanndd 
mmaarriinnee lliiffee.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
SSaalltt ppaann wwoorrkkeerrss 
ffrroomm MMaarraakkkkaannaamm,, 
TTaammiillnnaadduu wwoorrkk wwiitthh 
tthhee hhaarrsshh ssuunn 
bbeeaattiinngg ddoowwnn uuppoonn 
tthheemm uunnddeerr tthhee 
ooppeenn sskkyy.. 
TThhee ssiittee iiss llooccaatteedd aatt 
VVeeddaarraannyyaamm,, TTaammiill 
NNaadduu.. 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
THE DAILY NEWS 
www.dailynews.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE NEWSPAPER - Since 1879 
HEALTH HAZARDS GLOBAL EPIDEMIC 
Today, hazardous work 
kills 2.3 million people 
each year and injures 
millions more. The rise of 
globalization, precarious 
work, neoliberal politics, 
attacks on unions, and 
the idea of individual 
employment rights have 
challenged protection of 
occupational health and 
safety of workers world-wide. 
In the book Hazard 
or Hardship, Jeffrey 
Hilgert presents evidence 
on the right of refusal and 
protection of worker 
rights as both a moral 
and a human question. 
Hilgert finds that the 
protection of the right to 
refuse unsafe work, as 
constituted under inter-national 
labor standards, 
is a failure and calls for a 
reexamination of worker 
health and safety policy 
from the ground up. 
The current model of 
human protection follows 
a individual employment 
rights framework, which 
fails to protect all workers 
against inherent social 
inequalities within frame-work 
of the employment 
relationship. 
To adequately protect 
the right to refuse as a 
human right around the 
world, Hilgert argues that 
a broader protection 
must be granted under a 
freedom of association 
framework. Hazard or 
Hardship is a welcome 
resource for labor and 
environmental activists, 
trade union leaders, 
labor lawyers and labor 
law scholars, industrial 
relations experts, human 
rights advocates, public 
health professionals, and 
specialists in occupa-tional 
safety and health. 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Worker illness and death due to 
unhealthy workplaces 
● 2 million workers die each year from workplace 
causes 
 160 million workers get sick 
each year due to non-fatal 
workplace-related diseases 
 Occupational injuries, sickness, 
and disease costs the world 
economy $2.8 trillion/year USD 
Source: IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall LLaabboorr OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((IILLOO)) 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Workplace Health Without Borders 
(WHWB) 
 A non-profit international organization 
 Registered as a charity in Canada 
 Volunteers engaged in workplace health 
issues around the world 
 Partner with organizations of common interest 
 Members are certified industrial hygienists, 
registered occupational hygienists, and other 
quahealth and safety professionals 
 Concerned about all types of hazardous 
work environments and working conditions 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Our Vision 
AA wwoorrlldd wwhheerree wwoorrkkeerrss ddoo nnoott ggeett ssiicckk 
bbeeccaauussee ooff tthheeiirr wwoorrkk.. 
Our Mission 
TToo eennggaaggee tthhee ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh aanndd 
hhyyggiieennee pprrooffeessssiioonnss iinn eennssuurriinngg tthhaatt wwoorrkkeerrss 
aanndd eemmppllooyyeerrss tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee wwoorrlldd hhaavvee 
tthhee kknnoowwlleeddggee aanndd tteecchhnniiccaall mmeeaannss ttoo 
pprreevveenntt wwoorrkk--rreellaatteedd ddiisseeaassee.. 
Globa 
NNeettwwoorrkk ooff 330000+ ppeeooppllee ffrroomm aarroouunndd tthhee wwoorrlldd 
l 
-- MMeeeett mmoonntthhllyy bbyy tteelleeccoonnffeerreennccee aanndd 
ppllaannnneedd aannnnuuaall mmeeeettiinnggss 
Reac 
h CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Workplace Health Without Borders 
Goals and Objectives 
 Promote occupational 
health awareness 
 Increase access to 
occupational hygiene 
expertise and technology 
 Build capacity and infrastructure to 
support all industries and occupations 
 Help NGOs integrate OHS into their 
work and protect their volunteers 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
What Issues can 
WHWB Address? 
Some project examples… 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Lead 
Exposure 
from 
Artisanal 
Gold Mining 
There are estimated 15 
million artisanal and 
small scale gold 
miners in the world. 
Human Rights Watch video on 
lead poisoning in Zamfara, 
Nigeria 
https://www.youtube.co 
m/watch?v=PLCeUvb70yI 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
SSiilliiccaa DDuusstt EExxppoossuurree 
 In the State of Rajasthan, 
India, about 500,000 workers 
are heavily exposed to silica 
in quarrying and agate work 
 Often whole families are 
exposed where workers live 
at the work site 
 Wet methods to suppress 
dust are difficult, due to lack 
of water in the region 
 Respirators and personal 
protective clothing are not 
available 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
How Can WHWB Help NGOs, 
Workplaces and Communities? 
 Establish whole goals and objectives for 
NGOs working on business development 
 Contribute workplace health expertise to 
NGOs working on global health issues 
 Collaborate with workers, local business, 
governments, and communities how to 
identify, assess, and control occupational 
health hazards 
 Raise awareness for funding by donations, 
corporate sponsorships, and foundations 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Partner with Occupational Hygiene 
Training Association 
• Approved ttrraaiinniinngg pprroovviiddeerr 
• DDeevveellooppiinngg ssiilliiccaa mmoodduullee 
• RReeccrruuiitt ttrraannssllaattoorrss ooff OOHHTTAA mmoodduulleess 
CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Partner with Occupational 
Hygiene Training Association 
 Write modules on the occupational health 
hazards, risk, and control of exposure and 
present the best practices 
 Upload information and available 
resources on WHWB and OHTA websites 
 Offer OHTA courses to universities in host 
countries and other NGO organizations 
with limited funding and resources 
 Find volunteer translators and construct 
flyers and videos in native languages 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Partner with Occupational 
Hygiene Training Association 
 Collaborate with other organizations with 
similar sustainable values and goals to 
promote solutions for change 
For more information on ways to change our thinking about the economy in 
a more sustainable direction, we need to start orienting ourselves toward a 
new goal - better health? 
watch: The Story of Solutions 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpkRvc-sOKk 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Sponsored a 
workshop in 
Odisha, India on 
silica exposure 
among stone 
crushers 
Helping prevent silica 
exposure among agate 
polishers in Gujarat India 
Projects and 
Activities
Other WHWB Activities 
and Projects 
 Offer OHTA and other OHS 
training 
 Nigeria 
 Mozambique 
 Tanzania 
 Mentor new occupational 
hygienists globally 
 Work with agate workers in India and other 
countries 
 Assess silica exposure to brick workers in Pakistan 
 Collaborate and partner with similar organizations 
to make the world a better place 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WHWB Mentoring Projects 
Our mentor program 
matches experienced 
occupational 
hygienists with new 
hygienists who want 
technical and career 
guidance 
Canada 
Uruguay 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Assisting Renaissance 
University in Nigeria to start 
an undergraduate 
Occupational Hygiene 
Program 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Other WHWB Training 
Initiatives 
Present occupational hygiene course 
to physicians at Maulana Azad Medical College, 
New Delhi, India 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
WHWB Training and Other 
Provide OHTA and other 
training where it is needed, 
including India, Tanzania 
and Mongolia 
Facilitated equipment 
donations to Uruguay, 
Pakistan, Tanzania 
Initiatives 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Inform the OH profession on 
important issues related to 
global occupational health 
Round tables and presentations 
on global OH at AIHce and 
other conferences 
Information sessions at every 
monthly teleconference Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Please Join Us and Help 
 Mentor and train hygiene practitioners 
 Communicate useful and timely information 
 Provide international community outreach 
 Collaborate with peer professionals on global 
occupational health issues 
 Fundraise and identify support in foundations 
and socially responsible corporate sponsors 
 Write grant proposals 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Please Join Us and Help 
 Administer and synchronize project support 
to protect workers and their families 
 Translate training and other information and 
documents into native languages 
 Collaborate with other organizations, 
universities, and institutions 
 Submit published and peer-reviewed articles 
of interest for the global OH community 
 Website maintenance 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Fundraising to Support Our 
Activities 
www.whwb.org 
Our first crowdfunding 
campaign at www.giveffect.org 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
Source: The Huffington Post by Dominique Mosbergen - 10/2/2014
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. 
Join our growing international membership!
Contact WHWB 
 E-mail: info@whwb.org 
 Subscribe to the whwb.org website to follow our 
activities 
 Find us on Facebook, Twitter (@WHWB1) or 
LinkedIn 
Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..

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WHWB slideshare presentation (dec_2014)

  • 1. Workplace Health Without Borders Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 2. 2 WWoorrkkppllaaccee HHeeaalltthh WWiitthhoouutt BBoorrddeerrss WWeellccoommee ttoo WWoorrkkppllaaccee HHeeaalltthh WWiitthhoouutt BBoorrddeerrss ((WWHHWWBB)),, aa nnoonn--pprrooffiitt cchhaarriittyy ddeeddiiccaatteedd ttoo ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh iissssuueess tthhaatt aaffffeecctt aallll wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess,, ppuubblliicc,, aanndd tthhee eennvviirroonnmmeenntt wwiitthhiinn tthhee gglloobbaall ccoommmmuunniittyy.. OOuurr oobbjjeeccttiivvee iiss ttoo rraaiissee aawwaarreenneessss ooff tthhee hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwoorrkkiinngg ccoonnddiittiioonnss aanndd eennvviirroonnmmeennttss.. MMaannyy rriisskkss ccaann bbee ccoonnttrroolllleedd bbyy ccoollllaabboorraattiinngg aanndd uussiinngg tteecchhnnoollooggyy.. JJooiinn uuss iinn oouurr mmiissssiioonn ttoo tthhee rreedduuccee rriisskk ooff ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall iillllnneessss,, iinnjjuurryy,, aanndd ddeeaatthh ttoo mmiilllliioonnss ooff wwoorrkkeerrss.. TThhee ssuussttaaiinnaabbllee bbuussiinneessss vvaalluuee wwiillll vvaassttllyy iimmpprroovvee pprrooffiittaabbiilliittyy,, pprroodduuccttiivviittyy,, aanndd hhuummaann ppeerrffoorrmmaannccee.. Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 3. TThheerree aarree 33 bbiilllliioonn wwoorrkkeerrss iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd…… 22 bbiilllliioonn ooff tthheemm wwoorrkk iinn uunnssaaffee aanndd uunnhheeaalltthhyy ccoonnddiittiioonnss SSoouurrccee:: WWoorrlldd HHeeaalltthh OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((WWHHOO)),, 22000088 EEvveerryy 1155 sseeccoonnddss,, aa wwoorrkkeerr ddiieess ffrroomm aa wwoorrkk--rreellaatteedd aacccciiddeenntt oorr ddiisseeaassee.. SSoouurrccee:: IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall LLaabboouurr OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((IILLOO)),, 22001144 3 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 4. More people die each year from ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall iinnjjuurriieess aanndd ddiisseeaassee tthhaann ffrroomm ootthheerr mmaajjoorr ccaauusseess tthhaatt aarree mmuucchh mmoorree vviissiibbllee…….... Sources: 1.ILO, 2013 2. WHO, 2012 deaths 3. WHO, 2010 deaths 4. Amnesty International, 2010
  • 5. World Population Growth Growth rates of the world's most populous countries Rank Country Population 2010 Population 1990 Growth (%) 1990–2010 World 6,895,889,000 5,306,425,000 30.0% 1 China 1,341,335,000 1,145,195,000 17.1% 2 India 1,224,614,000 873,785,000 40.2% 3 United States 310,384,000 253,339,000 22.5% 4 Indonesia 239,871,000 184,346,000 30.1% 5 Brazil 194,946,000 149,650,000 30.3% 6 Pakistan 173,593,000 111,845,000 55.3% 7 Nigeria 158,423,000 97,552,000 62.4% 8 Bangladesh 148,692,000 105,256,000 41.3% 9 Russia 142,958,000 148,244,000 -3.6% 10 Japan 128,057,000 122,251,000 4.7% Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 6. Source: UN PPrroojjeeccttiioonnss,, 22000055 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 7. TTOOPP 1100 RRAANNKKEEDD MMOOSSTT PPOOPPUULLAATTEEDD CCOOUUNNTTRRIIEESS FFOORR 22000033 AANNDD 22005500 Countries Ranked by Population: 2003 Rank Country Population 1 China 1,286,975,46 8 2 India 1,049,700,11 8 3 United States 290,342,554 4 Indonesia 234,893,453 5 Brazil 182,032,604 6 Pakistan 150,694,740 7 Russia 144,526,278 8 Bangladesh 138,448,210 9 Nigeria 133,881,703 10 Japan 127,214,499 Countries Ranked by Population: 2050 Rank Country Population 1 India 1,601,004,572 2 China 1,417,630,630 3 United States 420,080,587 4 Indonesia 336,247,428 5 Nigeria 307,420,055 6 Bangladesh 279,955,405 7 Pakistan 267,813,495 8 Brazil 228,426,737 9 Congo (Kinshasa) 181,260,098 10 Mexico 153,162,145 SSoouurrccee:: WWoorrlldd PPooppuullaattiioonn SSiittuuaattiioonn 11995500--22005500 PPrreesseennttaattiioonn bbyy AAlliiaass AAbbdduullllaahh CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 8. EEmmeerrggiinngg NNaattiioonnaall EEccoonnoommiieess BBRRIICCSS CCoouunnttrriieess oun 8 Russia India Brazil China South Africa Source: WWoorrlldd BBaannkk,, 22001133 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 9. HHUUGGEE GGAAPP IINN OOCCCCUUPPAATTIIOONNAALL HHEEAALLTTHH EEXXPPEERRTTIISSEE CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. OOccccuuppaattiioonnaall hhyyggiieenniissttss aarree cceerrttiiffiieedd//rreeggiisstteerreedd iinn oonnllyy 1133 ccoouunnttrriieess WWee wwoouulldd nneeeedd 5555,,000000 mmoorree hhyyggiieenniissttss ttoo mmaattcchh tthhee lleevveell ooff sseerrvviiccee iinn tthheessee ccoouunnttrriieess
  • 10. Construction and infrastructure Agriculture; plantations; rural sectors Informal economy Mining (coal; diamonds, metal mining) Food; drink; tobacco Oil and gas production; oil refining Forestry; wood; pulp and paper Basic metal production Chemical and petrochemical industr ies Mechanical and electrical engineering Transport equipment manufacturing Textiles; clothing; footwear Health services Public service Utilities (water; gas; electricity) Commerce Hotels; catering; tourism Shipping; ports; fishery; inland waters Transport (civil aviation; rails; road) Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 11. MMaannyy wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd cchhiillddrreenn aarree eennggaaggeedd iinn hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwoorrkkiinngg ccoonnddiittiioonnss iinn mmaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg,, mmiinniinngg,, ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn,, ffiisshhiinngg,, aaggrriiccuullttuurree,, ffaarrmmiinngg,, aanndd ootthheerr ooccccuuppaattiioonnss aaccrroossss tthhee gglloobbee.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 12. WWoommeenn hhaarrvveessttiinngg aassbbeessttooss ffrroomm rroocckk SShhiipp bbrreeaakkiinngg iinn BBaannggllaaddeesshh WWoorrkkeerrss wwiitthhoouutt aaddeeqquuaattee ppeerrssoonnaall pprrootteeccttiivvee eeqquuiippmmeenntt aanndd ssaaffeettyy ttrraaiinniinngg hhttttpp::////yyoouuttuu..bbee//ffxxUUGGOONNRR99ppQQww CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 13. MMuummbbaaii//BBoommbbaayy,, IInnddiiaa.. WWoorrkkeerrss uusseedd tthheeiirr ssttrreeeett ccllootthhiinngg aass rreessppiirraattoorrss iinn sshhiippbbrreeaakkiinngg ooppeerraattiioonnss ttoo pprrootteecctt tthheemmsseellvveess ffrroomm wweellddiinngg ffuummeess aanndd dduusstt wwhhiillee uussiinngg bbllooww ttoorrcchheess ttoo ccuutt tthhee mmeettaall hhuullllss.. WWoorrkkeerrss iinn aa sshhiipp bbrreeaakkiinngg yyaarrdd iinn CChhiittttaaggoonngg,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh rreemmoovvee aassbbeessttooss llaaggggiinngg ffrroomm tthhee sshhiipp sstteeaamm ppiippeess aanndd bbooiilleerrss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 14. Construction wwoorrkkeerr ccuuttttiinngg cciinnddeerr bblloocckkss eexxppoosseedd ttoo ssiilliiccaa dduusstt WWoorrkkeerr ccaarrttiinngg hhaanndd--mmaaddee bbrriicckkss ttoo llooccaall mmaarrkkeett CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 15. MMeenn uunnllooaadd ccaarrtt ffrroomm ““rraatt hhoollee”” iinnssiiddee aa ccooaall mmiinnee AA wwoorrkkeerr aanndd hhiiss ffaammiillyy mmiinniinngg,, sseeppaarraattiinngg aanndd ggaatthheerriinngg ccooaall ffoorr ssaallee MMiinneerrss eexxppoosseedd ttoo hheeaatt ssttrreessss,, ssiilliiccaa aanndd lleeaadd dduusstt CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 16. WWoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo eexxttrreemmee ccoolldd aaiirr tteemmppeerraattuurreess aanndd ssttrroonngg gguussttyy wwiinnddss iinnccrreeaasseess tthhee wwiinndd cchhiillll ffaaccttoorr aanndd ddaannggeerr ooff ffrroossttbbiittee aanndd hhyyppootthheerrmmiiaa.. EExxppoossuurree ttoo ggllaarree ffrroomm ssuunnlliigghhtt UUVV rraaddiiaattiioonn iinnccrreeaasseess sskkiinn ccaanncceerr rriisskk aanndd 2244--hhoouurrss ooff ssuunnlliigghhtt iimmppaaccttss cciirrccaaddiiaann rrhhyytthhmmss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 17. SSeeaaffaarreerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd hhaarrsshh wweeaatthheerr aanndd sseeaa ssttaatteess aass wweellll aass nnooiissee aanndd hhaanndd aarrmm vviibbrraattiioonn ffrroomm cchhiippppiinngg mmaacchhiinnee ((rruusstt bbuusstt)),, nneeeeddllee gguunnss,, hhaanndd hheelldd ggrriinnddeerrss,, aanndd ddiieesseell ppoowweerreedd eennggiinneess.. AAss aassbbeessttooss hhaass bbeeeenn rreemmoovveedd ffrroomm nneewweerr sshhiippss ootthheerr ppootteennttiiaall ccaarrcciinnooggeennss ssuucchh aass bbeerryylllliiuumm ((pprroodduucctt ttaannkkeerrss)),, ccaaddmmiiuumm,, lleeaadd,, eettcc.. hhaavvee bbeeeenn iinnttrroodduucceedd iinn ttoo tthhee wwoorrkkppllaaccee.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 18. OOiill aanndd ggaass wwoorrkkeerrss aaccrroossss tthhee gglloobbee aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo eerrggoonnoommiiccss--rreellaatteedd iinnjjuurryy rriisskkss,, ssuucchh aass lliiffttiinngg hheeaavvyy iitteemmss,, bbeennddiinngg,, rreeaacchhiinngg oovveerrhheeaadd,, ppuusshhiinngg aanndd ppuulllliinngg hheeaavvyy llooaaddss,, aanndd wwoorrkkiinngg iinn aawwkkwwaarrdd bbooddyy ppoossttuurreess.. OOccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh eexxppoossuurreess aallssoo iinncclluuddee:: HHyyddrrooggeenn ssuullffiiddee ggaass CCrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa dduusstt DDiieesseell ffuummee eemmiissssiioonnss NNOORRMM TTeemmppeerraattuurree eexxttrreemmeess FFaattiigguuee CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 19. CChheemmiiccaall ssttoorraaggee ooff ffllaammmmaabbllee oorr ccoommbbuussttiibbllee lliiqquuiiddss,, ooxxiiddiizzeerrss,, rreeaaccttiivvee cchheemmiiccaallss,, eexxpplloossiivvee ppoowwddeerrss aanndd dduusstt,, aanndd ootthheerr hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwaassttee mmaatteerriiaallss iiss ddoonnee pprreeccaarriioouussllyy wwiitthhoouutt aannyy hhaazzaarrdd wwaarrnniinnggss oorr pprreeccaauuttiioonnaarryy ssttaatteemmeennttss.. SSaaffeettyy DDaattaa SShheeeettss aarree nnoott ggiivveenn ttoo wwoorrkkeerrss ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee hheeaalltthh hhaazzaarrddss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 20. Air Pollution (Sand/Dust/Particulate Matter) Animal Bites (Rabies) Animal Bodies Biological Warfare Agents Chemical Warfare Agents Chlorine Gas Depleted Uranium Excessive Vibration Fog Oils and Garbage Human Body, Body Fluids, Body Parts, Dead Bodies Industrial Pollution - Toxic Chemicals Insect Bites Ionizing Radiation JP8 or Other Fuels Lasers Loud Noises Metal Fragments Other Exposures to Toxic Chemicals or Materials Ammonia Formaldehyde Nitric Acid Sodium Dichromate (Hexavalent Chromium) Sulfur Paints Pesticides Radar/Microwaves Smoke from Burning Trash or Feces (Burn Pits) Smoke from Oil Fire Solvents Tuberculosis Vehicle or Truck Exhaust Fumes Warfare Agents
  • 21. In the developing world, roughly 9900%% ooff sseewwaaggee iiss ddiisscchhaarrggeedd uunnttrreeaatteedd iinnttoo rriivveerrss,, llaakkeess aanndd ccooaassttaall aarreeaass,, wwiitthh aa wwiiddeesspprreeaadd nneeggaattiivvee iimmppaacctt oonn hheeaalltthh.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 22. AAbboouutt 778833 mmiilllliioonn ppeeooppllee,, oorr 1111%% ooff tthhee gglloobbaall ppooppuullaattiioonn,, ddooeess nnoott hhaavvee aacccceessss ssaaffee ddrriinnkkiinngg wwaatteerr.. CChhoolleerraa,, ttyypphhooiidd,, mmaallaarriiaa aanndd ootthheerr wwaatteerrbboorrnnee iillllnneesssseess,, ttooxxiicc cchheemmiiccaallss aanndd rraaddiioollooggiiccaall aaggeennttss kkiillll 55 mmiilllliioonn ppeeooppllee eeaacchh yyeeaarr ---- 66,,000000 cchhiillddrreenn eevveerryy ddaayy.. OOppeenn ddeeffeeccaattiioonn iiss pprraaccttiicceedd oouuttssiiddee oorr iinn ppuubblliicc ddoonnee dduuee ttoo ccuullttuurraall pprraaccttiicceess oorr nnoo aacccceessss ttoo ttooiilleettss oorr llaattrriinneess,, wwhhiicchh aaffffeeccttss oonnee tthhiirrdd ooff hhuummaanniittyy ((22..55 bbiilllliioonn)) ppeeooppllee ccaauussiinngg ccoonnsseeqquueenncceess oonn hhuummaann hheeaalltthh.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. SSoouurrccee:: UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss aanndd NNaattuurraall RReessoouurrcceess DDeeffeennssee CCoouunncciill
  • 23. Manual Removal and TTrraannssppoorrtt ooff BBiioossoolliiddss ((MMaallaayyssiiaa)) CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 24. Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 25. RReedd ppoolllluutteedd wwaatteerr fflloowwss ffrroomm JJiiaann RRiivveerr iinn LLoouuyyaanngg NNoorrtthh CChhiinnaa HHeennaann PPrroovviinnccee MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess OOvveerrffllooww ooff ffooaamm aanndd rreelleeaassee ooff ttooxxiicc ggaass ffrroomm TTiieettee RRiivveerr iinn SSaaoo PPaauulloo,, BBrraazziill CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess
  • 26. MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess CChhiillddrreenn ppllaayy iinn tthhee ppoolllluutteedd JJaarrkkaarrttaa RRiivveerr,, IInnddiiaa CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. AAnn IInnddiiaann mmaann bbaatthheess iinn tthhee ppoolllluutteedd wwaatteerrss ooff tthhee YYaammuunnaa rriivveerr iinn NNeeww DDeellhhii MMAANNAANN VVAATTSSYYAAYYAANNAA//AAFFPP//GGeettttyy IImmaaggeess
  • 27. MMaannddaallaayy,, BBuurrmmaa//MMyyaannmmaarr WWoorrkkeerrss hhaanndd cchhiisseell ssttaattuutteess mmaaddee ooff ssttoonnee ccoonnttaaiinniinngg hhiigghh lleevveellss ooff ssiilliiccaa dduusstt wwiitthhoouutt aannyy mmeecchhaanniiccaall eexxhhaauusstt vveennttiillaattiioonn ttoo rreedduuccee tthhee dduusstt eexxppoossuurree.. WWoorrkkeerrss ddoonn’’tt hhaavvee rreessppiirraattoorrss,, ppeerrssoonnaall pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg oorr ttrraaiinniinngg ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd tthhee hheeaalltthh hhaazzaarrddss ooff ssiilliiccaa dduusstt.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 28. IInn tthhee iinntteennssee hheeaatt,, wwoorrkkeerrss mmiixx cchheemmiiccaallss iinn aa ffiirreewwoorrkkss ffaaccttoorryy iinn SSiivvaakkaassii ttoowwnn iinn tthhee ssoouutthheerrnn IInnddiiaann ssttaattee ooff TTaammiill NNaadduu.. WWiitthhoouutt gglloovveess oorr mmaasskkss,, ssiittttiinngg oonn tthhee fflloooorr;; wwoorrkkeerrss ffiillll ppaappeerr ttuubbeess ffiilllleedd wwiitthh aa mmiixxttuurree ooff aalluummiinnuumm ppoowwddeerr,, ppoottaassssiiuumm nniittrraattee aanndd ssuullffuurr,, aanndd ttiippppeedd wwiitthh mmuudd.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 29. AAggrriiccuullttuurraall mmiiggrraanntt wwoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo iinntteennssee hheeaatt aanndd hhuummiiddiittyy dduurriinngg tthhee ccuullttiivvaattiioonn aanndd hhaarrvveesstt;; wweett ttoobbaaccccoo ppllaannttss ttrraannssffeerr nniiccoottiinnee tthhrroouugghh tthhee sskkiinn aanndd wwoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo ppeessttiicciiddeess wwhhiillee wwoorrkkiinngg iinn tthhee ffiieellddss wwiitthhoouutt gglloovveess oorr pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 30. EEvveerryy yyeeaarr aabboouutt 2200--5500 mmiilllliioonn ttoonnss ooff ee--wwaassttee iiss pprroodduucceedd iinn tthhee wwoorrlldd wwiitthh 7700%% sshhiippppeedd ttoo CChhiinnaa,, aanndd tthhee rreesstt sseenntt ttoo IInnddiiaa oorr ppoooorr AAffrriiccaann ccoouunnttrriieess.. IInn GGuuiiyyuu,, aabboouutt 8800%% ooff tthhee ffaammiilliieess ddiissaasssseemmbbllee eelleeccttrriicc wwiirree,, ppllaassttiiccss aanndd cciirrccuuiitt bbooaarrddss wwiitthh tthheeiirr bbaarree hhaannddss;; tthheenn tthhee uunnpprrootteecctteedd wwoorrkkeerrss uussee ffiirree aanndd mmeerrccuurriicc aacciidd bbaatthhss ttoo eexxttrraacctt pprreecciioouuss,, mmoossttllyy ttooxxiicc mmeettaallss.. For more information on the toxins of e-waste watch: The Story of Electronics http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sW_7i6T_H78 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 31. TThheessee CChhiinneessee wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd tthheeiirr ffaammiillyy aarree nnoott jjuusstt wwoorrkkiinngg,, bbuutt aallssoo lliivviinngg iinn mmoouunnttaaiinnss ooff ee--wwaassttee.. MMoorree tthhaann 8822%% ooff tthhee GGuuiiyyuu cchhiillddrreenn tteesstteedd hhaadd wwhhoollee bblloooodd//lleeaadd lleevveellss >>110000 μμgg//ddll CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 32. 32 JJhhaarrkkhhaanndd,, IInnddiiaa.. AA yyoouunngg bbooyy ccaarrrriieess aa cchhuunnkk ooff ccooaall iinnttoo tthhee mmiinniinngg ccaammpp wwhheerree hhee lliivveess.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 33. WWoorrkkeerrss aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo hhiigghhllyy nnooxxiioouuss ggaasseess ((hhyyddrrooggeenn ssuullffiiddee,, ssuullffuurr ddiiooxxiiddee aanndd ssuullffuurriicc aacciidd)) wwhhiillee mmiinniinngg mmoolltteenn ssuullffuurr ttoo mmaakkee mmaattcchheess aanndd ssooaapp ffrroomm tthhee KKaawwaahh IIjjeenn vvoollccaannoo iinn EEaasstt JJaavvaa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa.. EEaacchh bbaasskkeett hhoollddss >> 7700kkgg ooff ssuullffuurr aanndd wwoorrkkeerrss cclliimmbb uupphhiillll aabboouutt 33 kkmm ttoo tthhee ccoolllleeccttiioonn ppooiinntt ttwwiiccee aa ddaayy.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 34. WWoorrkkeerrss ccuutt ffiirreewwoooodd ttoo lliigghhtt aann aarrttiissaannaall bbrriicckk kkiillnn iinn KKaabbuull,, AAffgghhaanniissttaann.. BBeellooww aa wwoorrkkeerr ssooaakkss ddrryy ccooww dduunngg iinn aa mmiixxttuurree ooff kkeerroosseennee aanndd ggaassoolliinnee aatt aa kkiillnn nneeaarr AAmmrriittssaarr,, IInnddiiaa.. TThhee mmiixxttuurree wwiillll bbee uusseedd ttoo iiggnniittee tthhee kkiillnn.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 35. 35 Workers pour ccooaall iinnttoo tthhee ffiirree ooff aa BBuullll’’ss ttrreenncchh kkiillnn oouuttssiiddee KKaabbuull.. CCoonnttiinnuuaall kkiillnnss ccaann ooppeerraattee wwiitthhoouutt ssttooppppiinngg ffoorr mmoonntthhss aanndd eevveenn yyeeaarrss aass wwoorrkkeerrss sstteeaaddiillyy ffiirree ffrreesshh bbaattcchheess ooff bbrriicckkss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 36. 36 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. Brick kilns dot the landscape iinn RRaawwaallppiinnddii,, PPaakkiissttaann.. AA 22001122 ssttuuddyy sshhoowweedd tthhaatt hhyyddrrooggeenn fflluuoorriiddee eemmiissssiioonnss ffrroomm kkiillnnss iinn nneeaarrbbyy PPeesshhaawwaarr sseevveerreellyy ddaammaaggeedd cceerrttaaiinn eeccoonnoommiiccaallllyy iimmppoorrttaanntt ccrrooppss.
  • 37. Blasting during coal strip mining can release toxic gases. The orange color indicates CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 38. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. State owned urea fertilizer plant ddiisscchhaarrggeess aaiirr eemmiissssiioonnss bbyy PPaalleemmbbaanngg cciittyy rriivveerr ccaappiittaall ooff SSoouutthh SSuummaannttrraa,, IInnddoonneessiiaa..
  • 39. Countries with Worst Outdoor Air Pollution Ranked by WHO (2014) 1. PPaakkiissttaann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 110011 μμgg//mm33 22.. QQaattaarr -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 9922 μμgg//mm33 33.. AAffgghhaanniissttaann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 8844 μμgg//mm33 44.. BBaannggllaaddeesshh -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7799 μμgg//mm33 55.. IIrraann -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7766 μμgg//mm33 66.. EEggyypptt -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 7744 μμgg//mm33 77.. MMoonnggoolliiaa -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 6644 μμgg//mm33 88.. UUnniitteedd AArraabb EEmmiirraatteess -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 6611 μμgg//mm33 99.. IInnddiiaa -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 5599 μμgg//mm33 1100.. BBaahhrraaiinn -- AAvveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 5577 μμgg//mm33 WWHHOO ccoonnssiiddeerrss aavveerraaggee PPMM22..55 ppoolllluuttiioonn:: 2255 μμgg//mm33 aa ssaaffee lleevveell.. SSoouurrccee:: NNeewwss..ccoomm..aauu AAuugguusstt 2288,, 22001144 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 40. Delhi has the highest level of tthhee aaiirrbboorrnnee ppaarrttiiccuullaattee mmaatttteerr,, PPMM22..55 ccoonnssiiddeerreedd mmoosstt hhaarrmmffuull ttoo hheeaalltthh,, wwiitthh 115533 uugg//mm33.. NNoott ffaarr bbeehhiinndd iiss aannootthheerr IInnddiiaann cciittyy,, PPaattnnaa wwiitthh 114499 uugg//mm33.. HHaallff ooff tthhee ttoopp 2200 mmoosstt ppoolllluutteedd cciittiieess wweerree iinn IInnddiiaa.. SSoouurrccee:: CCNNNN MMaayy 88,, 22001144 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 41. In China, tens of mmiilllliioonnss ooff rruurraall hhoouusseehhoollddss ssttiillll bbuurrnn ccooaall ddiirreeccttllyy iinnssiiddee tthheeiirr hhoommeess ttoo ccooookk.. BBuutt iinn IInnddiiaa aanndd AAffrriiccaa,, wwoooodd aanndd cchhaarrccooaall aarree ffaarr mmoorree ccoommmmoonn.. AAnndd iinn ccoouunnttrriieess lliikkee KKeennyyaa oorr EEtthhiiooppiiaa wwhheerree wwoooodd iiss ssccaarrccee,, aanniimmaall dduunngg oorr ccrroopp wwaassttee iiss uusseedd.. DDiiffffeerreenntt ffuueellss lleeaadd ttoo ddiiffffeerreenntt hheeaalltthh pprroobblleemmss.. SSoouurrccee:: TThhee LLaanncceett RReessppiirraattoorryy MMeeddiicciinnee 22001144 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 42. AAiirr ppoolllluuttiioonn ffrroomm iinnddoooorr ccooookk ffiirreess aarree aa lleeaaddiinngg ccaauussee ooff ddeeaatthh wwoorrllddwwiiddee.. SSoouurrccee:: UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss WWHHOO,, 22001144 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. IInn mmaannyy ppaarrttss ooff rruurraall NNeeppaall,, wwoommeenn ssppeenndd oonn aavveerraaggee ooff ffiivvee hhoouurrss aa ddaayy iinn ssmmookkee--ffiilllleedd kkiittcchheennss ssuucchh aass tthheessee,, uunnddeerrmmiinniinngg tthheeiirr hheeaalltthh..
  • 43. TThhoossee wwhhoo ggrriinndd aanndd ppoolliisshh aaggaattee oofftteenn ccoonnttrraacctt ssiilliiccoossiiss,, aa lluunngg ddiisseeaassee,, ffrroomm iinnhhaalliinngg tthhee dduusstt wwiitthhoouutt uussiinngg mmeecchhaanniiccaall eexxhhaauusstt vveennttiillaattiioonn aanndd//oorr rreessppiirraattoorr aanndd pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg.. KKhhaammbbhhaatt,, IInnddiiaa PPhhoottoo ccoouurrtteessyy IInnssttiittuuttee ffoorr GGlloobbaall LLaabboouurr aanndd HHuummaann RRiigghhttss CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 44. 44 A 13-year-old child labors in a silver ccooookkiinngg ppoott ffaaccttoorryy iinn OOlldd DDhhaakkaa ffoorr 1100 hhoouurr ddaayyss iinn hhaazzaarrddoouuss ccoonnddiittiioonnss iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 45. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. A 11-year-old labors in a silver cooking ppoott ffaaccttoorryy wwhheerree hhiiss sskkiinn iiss ppeerrmmaanneennttllyy ddiissccoolloorreedd ffrroomm eexxppoossuurree ttoo tthhee ssiillvveerr dduusstt..
  • 46. 46 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. Guangdong Province. Chinese ddeenniimm ffaaccttoorryy wwoorrkkeerrss ssaannddbbllaasstt bblluuee jjeeaannss,, ddeessppiittee hhaazzaarrddoouuss eexxppoossuurree ttoo ccrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa dduusstt..
  • 47. 47 Children at a bbrriicckk ffaaccttoorryy iinn FFaattuullllaahh -- ffoorr eeaacchh 11,,000000 bbrriicckkss tthheeyy ccaarrrryy,, tthheeyy eeaarrnn aa wwaaggee iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 48. AA yyoouunngg ggiirrll wwoorrkkss iinn aa bbrriicckk ccrruusshhiinngg ffaaccttoorryy iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. SShhee iiss ccoonnttiinnuuoouussllyy bbeeiinngg eexxppoosseedd ttoo ccrryyssttaalllliinnee ssiilliiccaa dduusstt wwiitthhoouutt aannyy uunnddeerrssttaannddiinngg ooff tthhee hhaazzaarrdd,, wweeaarriinngg aannyy rreessppiirraattoorryy pprrootteeccttiioonn,, pprrootteeccttiivvee ccllootthhiinngg,, oorr uussiinngg aannyy eennggiinneeeerriinngg aanndd//oorr aaddmmiinniissttrraattiivvee ccoonnttrroollss ttoo rreedduuccee tthhee aaiirrbboorrnnee dduusstt lleevveell.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 49. 49 CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. Ten-year-old working in a door lock ffaaccttoorryy iinn OOlldd DDhhaakkaa.. UUnnlliikkee hhiiss ccoolllleeaagguuee,, tthhee ccoo--wwoorrkkeerr wwoorrkkss wwiitthhoouutt aa mmaasskk ttoo pprrootteecctt aaggaaiinnsstt eexxppoossuurree ttoo mmeettaall dduusstt..
  • 50. AAbboovvee 88--yyeeaarr--oolldd cchhiilldd llaabboorrss iinn aa rriicckksshhaaww ffaaccttoorryy ffoorr 1100 hhoouurrss aa ddaayy.. CChhiillddrreenn wwoorrkk lloonngg wwoorrkkiinngg hhoouurrss wwiitthh iinnaaddeeqquuaattee oorr nnoo rreesstt ppeerriioodd.. TThheeyy aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo vvaappoorrss aanndd ggaasseess ffrroomm cclleeaanniinngg mmeettaall ppaarrttss wwiitthhoouutt vveennttiillaattiioonn.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 51. YYoouunngg llaabboorreerrss mmaakkiinngg mmeettaall ccoommppoonneennttss aatt aa ffaaccttoorryy iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. EErrggoonnoommiiccss aanndd mmeettaall dduusstt//ffuummee eexxppoossuurree aarree aa ffeeww ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh rriisskkss CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 52. OOfftteenn wwoorrkkiinngg cchhiillddrreenn ooppeerraattee iinn hhaazzaarrddoouuss ccoonnddiittiioonnss wwiitthhoouutt ssaaffeettyy pprreeccaauuttiioonnss.. TThhiiss BBoolliivviiaann bbooyy iinn LLaa PPaazz iiss pprreeppaarriinngg ttoo ssaaww aa hheeaavvyy iirroonn bbaarr.. CCoouurrtteessyy JJeeaann PPiieerrrree LLaaffffoonntt//UUNN PPhhoottoo))
  • 53. BBaannggllaaddeesshh’’ss ttaannnneerriieess aarree ccoonncceennttrraatteedd aalloonngg tthhee bbaannkkss ooff tthhee BBuurriiggaannggaa RRiivveerr.. EEvveerryy ddaayy tthheessee ffaaccttoorriieess ddiisscchhaarrggee tthhoouussaannddss ooff lliitteerrss ooff ttooxxiicc lliiqquuiidd wwaassttee iinnttoo tthhee nneeaarrbbyy rriivveerr.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 54. Many workers handle barrels ooff cchheemmiiccaallss wwiitthhoouutt gglloovveess aanndd wwaallkk bbaarreeffoooott oonn fflloooorrss ccoovveerreedd iinn cchhrroommiicc aacciidd.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 55. AA BBaannggllaaddeesshhii mmaann ssoorrttss ttaannnneerryy wwaassttee ffoorr ppoouullttrryy aanndd ffiisshh ffeeeedd iinn nneeaarrbbyy rriivveerr PPhhoottooss ccoouurrtteessyy ooff AAssssoocciiaatteedd PPrreessss AA BBaannggllaaddeesshhii mmaann pprroocceesssseess ttaannnneerryy wwaassttee CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 56. MMiiggrraanntt rruurraall wwoorrkkeerr ffrroomm CChhiinnaa’’ss SSiicchhuuaann pprroovviinnccee,, wwoorrkkss oonn oonnee ooff mmaannyy ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn ssiitteess iinn tthhee cciittyy ooff CChhoonnggqqiinngg.. JJuusstt aass aa 110000 yyeeaarrss aaggoo,, hhoouusseess aarree oofftteenn ddeemmoolliisshheedd wwiitthh sslleeddggee-- hhaammmmeerrss.. NNoo ccoonnssiiddeerraattiioonn iiss ggiivveenn ffoorr tthheeiirr hheeaalltthh CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. eexxppoossuurree..
  • 57. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. At the Anyuan coal mine iinn CChhiinnaa,, aa mmiinneerr mmaakkeess hhiiss wwaayy ttoo tthhee sshhoowweerr.. CCooaall dduusstt oonn hhiiss ffaaccee ssuuggggeessttss hhee ddooeess nnoott wweeaarr aa rreessppiirraattoorr..
  • 58. China has strict rules on asbestos use, bbuutt tthheessee aarree oofftteenn iiggnnoorreedd iinn ssmmaallll--ssccaallee,, uunnrreegguullaatteedd wwoorrkksshhooppss.. MMoorree tthhaann 110000 ““aassbbeessttooss eenntteerrpprriisseess”” cclloossee bbyy iinn YYuuyyaaoo aanndd nneeiigghhbboorriinngg CCiixxii aarree mmoossttllyy ffaammiillyy--rruunn bbuussiinneesssseess.. AAllll uussee cchhrryyssoottiillee wwhhiittee aassbbeessttooss,, tthhee oonnllyy kkiinndd ooff aassbbeessttooss nnooww aalllloowweedd iinn CChhiinnaa.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 59. Nearly 93% of the workforce in India is wwhheerree wwoorrkkeerrss aarree rroouuttiinneellyy eexxppoosseedd ttoo aassbbeessttooss.. AAssbbeessttooss pprroodduuccttss aarree pprreesseenntt eevveerryy bbuuiillddiinngg.. WWhheenn wwoorrkkeerrss ggoo bbaacckk hhoommee,, tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess aarree eexxppoosseedd ffrroomm tthhee ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd ssttrreeeett ccllootthhiinngg.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 60. Garment and rruugg wwoorrkkeerrss iinn DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh aarree eexxppoosseedd ttoo hhaarrsshh eerrggoonnoommiicc aanndd hhuummaann ffaaccttoorr hhaazzaarrddss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 61. IInn CCôôttee dd’’IIvvooiirree aanndd WWeesstt AAffrriiccaa,, wwoorrkkeerrss ooppeerraattee hhaazzaarrddoouuss mmaacchhiinneerryy,, mmiixx aanndd aappppllyy cchheemmiiccaallss ttoo ccooccooaa ttrreeeess;; hhaarrvveesstt rriippee ccooccooaa ppooddss wwiitthh kknniivveess aanndd ccaarrrryy hheeaavvyy bbeeaann ssaacckkss ffoorr pprroocceessssiinngg.. CCooccooaa,, tthhee rraaww iinnggrreeddiieenntt ffoorr cchhooccoollaattee,, iiss rreessppoonnssiibbllee ffoorr aabboouutt 4400%% ooff gglloobbaall eexxppoorrtt.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 62. When things go wrong onboard, wwoorrkkeerrss lliikkee tthheessee iinn TThhaaiillaanndd hhaavvee ttoo bbee aabbllee ttoo uunnddeerrttaakkee uurrggeenntt eennggiinneeeerriinngg aanndd rreeppaaiirr wwoorrkk,, oofftteenn aatt sseeaa aanndd iinn hhoossttiillee ccoonnddiittiioonnss.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 63. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. Bangladesh’s shrimp iinndduussttrryy ddooccuummeennttss eexxaammpplleess ooff hhaazzaarrddoouuss wwoorrkkiinngg ccoonnddiittiioonnss hheeaalltthh aanndd ssaaffeettyy vviioollaattiioonnss,, aanndd eexxcceessssiivvee hhoouurrss..
  • 64. A 10-year-old child works uunnddeerr uunnhheeaalltthhyy ccoonnddiittiioonnss aatt aa ggaarrbbaaggee dduummppiinngg ssiittee iinn DDeemmrraa,, DDhhaakkaa,, BBaannggllaaddeesshh.. HHee ccaannnnoott aaffffoorrdd aannyy sshhooeess aanndd iiss vvuullnneerraabbllee ttoo ssiicckknneessss,, iinnjjuurriieess,, aanndd ddiisseeaassee.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 65. Kajla rubbish dump is one of three landfills in a city of 12M people. Around 5,000 tons of garbage are dumped daily and >1,000 people work in the rubbish, sorting waste, and collecting items to sell to retailers. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 66. Most slaughter house workers are in a continuous state of pain due to the long hours and repetitive strain injuries due to nature of their work. Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 67. H1N1 Virus Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 68.  LLeepprroossyy  LLeeiisshhmmaanniiaassiiss  MMaallaarriiaa  TTuubbeerrccuulloossiiss  DDeenngguuee aanndd sseevveerree ddeenngguuee  BBuurruullii uullcceerr  HHeeppaattiittiiss AA,, BB,, CC,, aanndd EE  TTrryyppaannoossoommiiaassiiss,, HHuummaann AAffrriiccaann ((sslleeeeppiinngg ssiicckknneessss))  PPoolliioommyyeelliittiiss  MMeeaasslleess  CCrriimmeeaann--CCoonnggoo hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr  MMeenniinnggooccooccccaall mmeenniinnggiittiiss  MMaarrbbuurrgg hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr  EEbboollaa hhaaeemmoorrrrhhaaggiicc ffeevveerr  CChhoolleerraa  MMoonnkkeeyyppooxx  IInnfflluueennzzaa ((SSeeaassoonnaall))  RRiifftt VVaalllleeyy ffeevveerr  SSmmaallllppooxx Infectious Diseases CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 69. WWoorrkkeerrss wwiillll ddeeccaanntt tthhee lliiqquuiidd ffuueell aanndd ooxxiiddiizzeerrss ssttoorreedd aatt aann aabbaannddoonneedd cchheemmiiccaall ssttoorraaggee ssiittee iinn TTrriippoollii,, LLiibbyyaa.. EEvveennttuuaallllyy,, tthhee ffuueell wwiillll bbee bbuurrnntt aanndd tthhee ooxxiiddiizzeerrss wwiillll bbee nneeuuttrraalliizzeedd aanndd ccoonnvveerrtteedd ttoo ffeerrttiilliizzeerr ffoorr ffaarrmmiinngg.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 70. IImmaaggeess bbyy LLaarrrryy CC.. PPrriiccee.. PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, 2200113 IImmaaggeess bbyy LLaarrrryy CC.. PPrriiccee.. PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, 2200113 Credit: Larry Price/Center for Investigative Journalism In the coastal aarreeaass ooff tthhee PPhhiilliippppiinneess,, ccllaayy ccoonnttaaiinniinngg tthhee ggoolldd oorree iiss bbeellooww tthhee wwaatteerr ttaabbllee.. MMoosstt mmiinniinngg aaccttiivviittyy mmuusstt ttaakkee ppllaaccee uunnddeerrwwaatteerr.. CChhiillddrreenn ssuuppppoorrtt tthheeiirr ffaammiilliieess bbyy ccoommpprreessssoorr mmiinniinngg ffoorr ggoolldd iinn tthhee sseeddiimmeenntt ooff tthhee MMaammbbuullaaoo BBaayy,, eevveenn tthhoouugghh iitt iiss bbaannnneedd bbyy tthhee ggoovveerrnnmmeenntt.. hhttttppss::////wwwwww..yyoouuttuubbee..ccoomm//wwaattcchh??vv==88ppssBB--oo--eerr55kk&&iinnddeexx==11&&lliisstt==LLLLnn66OO22ZZMMMMddyy--vvDDiiNNee55xxFFCCPPddgg CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 71. Miners are negatively impacted by poor working conditions aanndd mmeerrccuurryy eexxppoossuurree.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 72. AA mmaann wwaasshheess ooffff mmuudd ffrroomm aa ppiitt wwaallll wwiitthh aa hhoossee aalloonngg aa rrooaaddssiiddee nneeaarr AAiirraannyyiirr iinn TThhaaiillaanndd.. TTwwoo mmeenn cchheecckk tthheeiirr yyiieelldd ooff ttiinn iinn aa ppiitt aafftteerr aa ddaayy''ss mmiinniinngg aatt aa ssiittee nneeaarr SSaammffuurr,, BBaannggkkaa.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 73. WWoorrkkeerrss uussee rraaffttss wwiitthh rruubbbbeerr ttuubbeess ttoo llooookk ffoorr ttiinn iinn aa llaarrggee ppiitt aatt aann iilllleeggaall mmiinniinngg ssiittee iinn tthhee ffoorreessttss ooff BBaannggkkaa,, TThhaaiillaanndd.. WWoorrkkeerrss rriisskk hheeaalltthh hhaazzaarrddss aanndd aarrrreesstt ffoorr ssmmaallll qquuaannttiittiieess ooff ttiinn,, wwhhiicchh ffeettcchheess mmoorree mmoonneeyy tthhaann ffiisshhiinngg oorr ffaarrmmiinngg.. AA mmaann sshhoowwss hhiiss yyiieelldd ooff ttiinn aafftteerr aa ddaayy''ss mmiinniinngg iinn aa ppiitt aalloonngg aa rrooaadd nneeaarr AAiirraannyyiirr,, MMeerraawwaanngg-- BBaannggkkaa,, TThhaaiillaanndd.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 74. WWoorrkkeerr cchheecckkss ssaanndd ppuummppeedd uupp ffrroomm tthhee sseeaa fflloooorr ffoorr ttiinn ooffff tthhee iissllaanndd ccooaasstt ooff BBaannggkkaa,, nneeaarr TTaannjjuunngg GGuunnuunngg.. GGoolldd iiss mmiinneedd iinn tthhee BBeerriinngg SSeeaa aanndd GGuullff ooff AAllaasskkaa.. AA wwoorrkkeerr hhaannddlleess ssmmeelltteedd ttiinn ffrroomm aa rreeffrraaccttoorryy oovveenn bbeeffoorree ttuurrnniinngg iitt iinnttoo iinnggoottss.. TTiinn eennddss uupp aass ssoollddeerr iinn mmiilllliioonnss ooff mmoobbiillee pphhoonneess,, llaappttooppss aanndd ccoommppuutteerrss iinn EEuurrooppee,, UUSS aanndd AAssiiaa.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 75. DDiivveerrss wwoorrkk iinn ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd eennvviirroonnmmeennttss iinncclluuddiinngg ooiill aanndd cchheemmiiccaall ssppiillllss;; ssaallvvaaggee ooff ssuunnkkeenn bbaarrggeess ccaarrrryyiinngg hhaazzaarrddoouuss mmaatteerriiaallss;; iinnssiiddee ccoonnffiinneedd ssppaacceess;; ppiippeelliinneess wwiitthh mmuunniicciippaall rraaww sseewwaaggee,, aanndd aa wwiiddee aarrrraayy ooff ootthheerr cchheemmiiccaallllyy ccoonnttaammiinnaatteedd eennvviirroonnmmeennttss.. BBeessiiddee ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh hhaazzaarrddss,, ddiivveerrss wwoorrrryy aabboouutt sseeaa ssttaattee ccoonnddiittiioonnss aanndd mmaarriinnee lliiffee.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 76. SSaalltt ppaann wwoorrkkeerrss ffrroomm MMaarraakkkkaannaamm,, TTaammiillnnaadduu wwoorrkk wwiitthh tthhee hhaarrsshh ssuunn bbeeaattiinngg ddoowwnn uuppoonn tthheemm uunnddeerr tthhee ooppeenn sskkyy.. TThhee ssiittee iiss llooccaatteedd aatt VVeeddaarraannyyaamm,, TTaammiill NNaadduu.. CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 77. THE DAILY NEWS www.dailynews.com THE WORLD’S FAVOURITE NEWSPAPER - Since 1879 HEALTH HAZARDS GLOBAL EPIDEMIC Today, hazardous work kills 2.3 million people each year and injures millions more. The rise of globalization, precarious work, neoliberal politics, attacks on unions, and the idea of individual employment rights have challenged protection of occupational health and safety of workers world-wide. In the book Hazard or Hardship, Jeffrey Hilgert presents evidence on the right of refusal and protection of worker rights as both a moral and a human question. Hilgert finds that the protection of the right to refuse unsafe work, as constituted under inter-national labor standards, is a failure and calls for a reexamination of worker health and safety policy from the ground up. The current model of human protection follows a individual employment rights framework, which fails to protect all workers against inherent social inequalities within frame-work of the employment relationship. To adequately protect the right to refuse as a human right around the world, Hilgert argues that a broader protection must be granted under a freedom of association framework. Hazard or Hardship is a welcome resource for labor and environmental activists, trade union leaders, labor lawyers and labor law scholars, industrial relations experts, human rights advocates, public health professionals, and specialists in occupa-tional safety and health. Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 78. Worker illness and death due to unhealthy workplaces ● 2 million workers die each year from workplace causes  160 million workers get sick each year due to non-fatal workplace-related diseases  Occupational injuries, sickness, and disease costs the world economy $2.8 trillion/year USD Source: IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall LLaabboorr OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonn ((IILLOO)) CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 79. Workplace Health Without Borders (WHWB)  A non-profit international organization  Registered as a charity in Canada  Volunteers engaged in workplace health issues around the world  Partner with organizations of common interest  Members are certified industrial hygienists, registered occupational hygienists, and other quahealth and safety professionals  Concerned about all types of hazardous work environments and working conditions Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 80. Our Vision AA wwoorrlldd wwhheerree wwoorrkkeerrss ddoo nnoott ggeett ssiicckk bbeeccaauussee ooff tthheeiirr wwoorrkk.. Our Mission TToo eennggaaggee tthhee ooccccuuppaattiioonnaall hheeaalltthh aanndd hhyyggiieennee pprrooffeessssiioonnss iinn eennssuurriinngg tthhaatt wwoorrkkeerrss aanndd eemmppllooyyeerrss tthhrroouugghhoouutt tthhee wwoorrlldd hhaavvee tthhee kknnoowwlleeddggee aanndd tteecchhnniiccaall mmeeaannss ttoo pprreevveenntt wwoorrkk--rreellaatteedd ddiisseeaassee.. Globa NNeettwwoorrkk ooff 330000+ ppeeooppllee ffrroomm aarroouunndd tthhee wwoorrlldd l -- MMeeeett mmoonntthhllyy bbyy tteelleeccoonnffeerreennccee aanndd ppllaannnneedd aannnnuuaall mmeeeettiinnggss Reac h CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 81. Workplace Health Without Borders Goals and Objectives  Promote occupational health awareness  Increase access to occupational hygiene expertise and technology  Build capacity and infrastructure to support all industries and occupations  Help NGOs integrate OHS into their work and protect their volunteers Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 82. What Issues can WHWB Address? Some project examples… Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 83. Lead Exposure from Artisanal Gold Mining There are estimated 15 million artisanal and small scale gold miners in the world. Human Rights Watch video on lead poisoning in Zamfara, Nigeria https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=PLCeUvb70yI Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 84. SSiilliiccaa DDuusstt EExxppoossuurree  In the State of Rajasthan, India, about 500,000 workers are heavily exposed to silica in quarrying and agate work  Often whole families are exposed where workers live at the work site  Wet methods to suppress dust are difficult, due to lack of water in the region  Respirators and personal protective clothing are not available CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 85. How Can WHWB Help NGOs, Workplaces and Communities?  Establish whole goals and objectives for NGOs working on business development  Contribute workplace health expertise to NGOs working on global health issues  Collaborate with workers, local business, governments, and communities how to identify, assess, and control occupational health hazards  Raise awareness for funding by donations, corporate sponsorships, and foundations Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 86. Partner with Occupational Hygiene Training Association • Approved ttrraaiinniinngg pprroovviiddeerr • DDeevveellooppiinngg ssiilliiccaa mmoodduullee • RReeccrruuiitt ttrraannssllaattoorrss ooff OOHHTTAA mmoodduulleess CCooppyyrriigghhtt @@ 22001144 WWHHWWBB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 87. Partner with Occupational Hygiene Training Association  Write modules on the occupational health hazards, risk, and control of exposure and present the best practices  Upload information and available resources on WHWB and OHTA websites  Offer OHTA courses to universities in host countries and other NGO organizations with limited funding and resources  Find volunteer translators and construct flyers and videos in native languages Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 88. Partner with Occupational Hygiene Training Association  Collaborate with other organizations with similar sustainable values and goals to promote solutions for change For more information on ways to change our thinking about the economy in a more sustainable direction, we need to start orienting ourselves toward a new goal - better health? watch: The Story of Solutions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpkRvc-sOKk Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 89. Sponsored a workshop in Odisha, India on silica exposure among stone crushers Helping prevent silica exposure among agate polishers in Gujarat India Projects and Activities
  • 90. Other WHWB Activities and Projects  Offer OHTA and other OHS training  Nigeria  Mozambique  Tanzania  Mentor new occupational hygienists globally  Work with agate workers in India and other countries  Assess silica exposure to brick workers in Pakistan  Collaborate and partner with similar organizations to make the world a better place Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 91. WHWB Mentoring Projects Our mentor program matches experienced occupational hygienists with new hygienists who want technical and career guidance Canada Uruguay Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 92. Assisting Renaissance University in Nigeria to start an undergraduate Occupational Hygiene Program Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 93. Other WHWB Training Initiatives Present occupational hygiene course to physicians at Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 94. WHWB Training and Other Provide OHTA and other training where it is needed, including India, Tanzania and Mongolia Facilitated equipment donations to Uruguay, Pakistan, Tanzania Initiatives Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 95. Inform the OH profession on important issues related to global occupational health Round tables and presentations on global OH at AIHce and other conferences Information sessions at every monthly teleconference Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 96. Please Join Us and Help  Mentor and train hygiene practitioners  Communicate useful and timely information  Provide international community outreach  Collaborate with peer professionals on global occupational health issues  Fundraise and identify support in foundations and socially responsible corporate sponsors  Write grant proposals Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 97. Please Join Us and Help  Administer and synchronize project support to protect workers and their families  Translate training and other information and documents into native languages  Collaborate with other organizations, universities, and institutions  Submit published and peer-reviewed articles of interest for the global OH community  Website maintenance Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 98. Fundraising to Support Our Activities www.whwb.org Our first crowdfunding campaign at www.giveffect.org Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..
  • 99. Source: The Huffington Post by Dominique Mosbergen - 10/2/2014
  • 100. Copyright @ 2014 WHWB AAllll rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd.. Join our growing international membership!
  • 101. Contact WHWB  E-mail: info@whwb.org  Subscribe to the whwb.org website to follow our activities  Find us on Facebook, Twitter (@WHWB1) or LinkedIn Copyright @ 2014 WHWB All rriigghhttss rreesseerrvveedd..

Editor's Notes

  1. The topic of discussion is Workplace Health Without Borders, a Canadian charity that started in 2011 and has grown to more than 370 members worldwide. Imagine a world where everyone goes home at least as healthy as when they came to work.
  2. There are 3 billion workers in the world… 2 billion of them work in unsafe and unhealthy conditions Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease. Source: World Health Organization (WHO), 2008 Every 15 seconds, a worker dies from a work-related accident or disease. Source: International Labour Organization (ILO), 2014
  3. Occupational injuries and disease now out ranks other endemic global hazards like HIV/AIDs, Road traffic deaths, and Armed conflicts and violence
  4. The worlds population grew 30% between 1990 – 2010. Of the top 10 most populous countries, the most dramatic increases occurred in Nigeria, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India
  5. The pie chart shows the largest populous countries and areas (2005) – China, India, Asia, and Africa. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2004) – World Population to 2300 Three African regions—Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, and Western Africa—will grow unusually fast in comparison to every other region through 2100, even though total fertility will be close to replacement by 2050. • Southern Africa is seeing a decline in life expectancy to a lower level than anywhere else, but life expectancy will rebound, rise quite rapidly, and overtake other African regions. • Asian regions will grow fastest to the west, slowest to the east, but in every case with growth rates, at least up to 2100, below Eastern, Middle and Western Africa. By 2100, Asia, instead of being four-and-a half times as populous as Africa, will be only 2.2 times as populous. • Latin America and the Caribbean is the most homogenous major area, with most of its regions following relatively parallel fertility and life expectancy paths. Northern America is unusual as the only region that will not experience negative growth, mainly due to projected migration up to 2050. (No migration is incorporated in projections beyond that date.) • Europe, like Asia, will experience higher growth to the west, lower growth to the east. Eastern Europe stands out with low life expectancy, and even in the long run does not catch up with other regions.
  6. Almost all of the additional 3.7 billion people from now to 2100 will enlarge the population of developing countries, which is projected to rise from 5.9 billion in 2013 to 8.2 billion in 2050 and to 9.6 billion in 2100. Much of the overall increase between 2013 and 2050 is projected to take place in high-fertility countries, mainly in Africa, as well as countries with large populations such as India, Indonesia, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United States of America. Growth is expected to be particularly dramatic in the least developed countries of the world, which are projected to double in size from 898 million inhabitants in 2013 to 1.8 billion in 2050 and to 2.9 billion in 2100. High population growth rates prevail in many developing countries, most of which are on the UN’s list of 49 least developed countries. Between 2013 and 2100, the populations of 35 countries could triple or more. Among them, the populations of Burundi, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Somalia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Zambia are projected to increase at least five-fold by 2100. Population declines expected in 43 countries In contrast, the population of the more developed regions is expected to change minimally, passing from 1.25 billion in 2013 to 1.28 billion in 2100. The net increase is due largely to migration from developing to developed countries. Populations of 43 countries or areas are expected to decrease between 2013 and 2050; of these, 40 are expected to continue to decrease between 2050 and 2100. Several countries are expected to see their populations decline by more than 15 % by 2050, including Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cuba, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Republic of Moldova, Romania, the Russian Federation, Serbia, and Ukraine. Growth of the world population is expected to increase in Nigeria, Bangladesh and China while the US and Indonesia remains the same and some Middle Eastern countries like Pakistan and Asian countries like Japan will decrease.
  7. The World Bank has reviewed global business opportunities for investors. The great areas for prosperity can be found in the so called BRICS countries: Brazil Russia India China, and South Africa
  8. There is a huge gap in global occupational health expertise Occupational hygienists are certified/registered in only 13 countries In order to provide adequate global manpower, we would need 55,000 more hygienists to match the level of service needed in these countries
  9. The ILO (United Nations) has segmented industry into various groupings Agriculture; plantations; rural sectors Construction and infrastructure Mining (coal; diamonds, metal mining) Informal economy Food; drink; tobacco Forestry; wood; pulp and paper Oil and gas production; oil refining Hotels; catering; tourism Chemical and petrochemical industries Mechanical and electrical engineering Mechanical and electrical engineeringe Transport equipment manufacturing Textiles; clothing; footwear Transport (civil aviation; railways; road) Shipping; ports; fisheries; inland Utilities (water; gas; electricity) Commerce Basic metal production Health services Public service
  10. Many workers and children are engaged in hazardous working conditions in Manufacturing, Mining, Construction, Fishing, Agriculture, Farming, and Other occupations across the globe.
  11. Workers without adequate personal protective equipment and safety training Women harvesting asbestos from rock Ship breaking is one of the most hazardous jobs in the world because most ships are used to carry radioactive materials, toxic wastes, extremely poisonous chemicals and oil. Not only does it directly affect the health of the workers, it is an environmental time bomb - as workers strip the ships ...
  12. Mumbai/Bombay, India. Workers used their street clothing as respirators in shipbreaking operations to protect themselves from welding fumes and dust while using blow torches to cut the ship metal hulls. They work in an environment where electricity, clean drinking water, and basic human necessities such as washrooms are unavailable. After a rough day, the workforce returns to small huts that serve as their quarters. Many can’t afford shelter and sleep under the open sky. Workers in a ship breaking yard in Chittagong, Bangladesh remove asbestos lagging from the ship steam pipes and boilers.
  13. Worker carting hand-made bricks to local market Construction worker cutting cinder blocks exposed to silica dust
  14. Men unload cart from “rat hole” inside a coal mine. Miners exposed to heat stress, silica and lead dust A worker and his family mining, separating and gathering coal for sale
  15. Workers are exposed to extreme cold air temperatures and strong gusty winds increases the wind chill factor and danger of frostbite and hypothermia Exposure to glare from sunlight UV radiation increases skin cancer risk and 24-hours of sunlight impacts circadian rhythms. These hazards can affect artic scientists and explorers, commercial fisherman, oil/gas drillers, and maritime shippers.
  16. Workers are exposed to a variety of occupational hazards including ergonomics and human factors and physical agents like hand-arm vibration and noise Even though occupational hazardous such as asbestos are being removed or substituted on ships, new potential carcinogens such as beryllium (used on Product tankers), cadmium, lead etc. have been introduced in to the work place.
  17. The ILO estimates that nearly 6 million people are directly employed by the petroleum industry and over ten times that number of jobs are indirectly created by the industry. Exposed to harsh working conditions in the industry: long hours work, especially in oil production; increasing amounts of work round the clock, in difficult, remote areas ; scheduling of shifts particularly offshore when rotation patterns are constrained by transport schedules and limits on accommodation. Oil and gas workers across the globe are exposed to ergonomics-related injury risks, such as lifting heavy items, bending, reaching overhead, pushing and pulling heavy loads, and working in awkward body postures. Occupational health exposures also include: Hydrogen sulfide gas Crystalline silica dust Diesel fume emissions NORM Temperature Extremes Fatigue
  18. Chemical storage of flammable or combustible liquids, oxidizers, reactive chemicals, explosive powders and dust, and other hazardous waste materials is done precariously without any hazard warnings or precautionary statements. Safety Data Sheets are not given to workers to understand the health hazards
  19. Military personnel may exposed to a range of chemical, biological, physical, and environmental hazards during military service.
  20. In the developing world, roughly 90% of sewage is discharged untreated into rivers, lakes and coastal areas, with a widespread negative impact on health. As you can see in the picture, there five areas of environmental pollution. Discharge from homes Discharge from transportation services Swimming in contaminated waterways – streams, rivers Washing clothes in contaminated waters Drinking water from downstream rivers and streams
  21. About 783 million people, or 11% of the global population, does not have access safe drinking water. Cholera, typhoid, malaria and other waterborne illnesses, toxic chemicals and radiological agents kill 5 million people each year -- 6,000 children every day. Open defecation is the practice of defecating outside or in public done due to cultural practices or no access to toilets or latrines, which affects one third of humanity (2.5 billion) people causing consequences on human health
  22. Manual Removal and Transport of Biosolids (Malaysia)
  23. A study found that 80% of sewage cleaners in India die before age 60 because of work-related health problems. (Sagar Kaul / Barcroft Media) At least two to three workers must be dying every day inside manholes across India. Picture shows a worker entering a manhole in Chennai. Every day Mumbai produces enough sewage to fill 4,500 Olympic-size swimming pools. Despite the many modern comforts of Mumbai, the sewer system is outdated and is still cleaned by hand. At least once a year the manhole covers are removed and a worker is lowered down with only a helmet for protection. The worker then scoops out the sludge consisting of both human and industrial waste that has been collecting in the pipes. It is not uncommon for Indian sewer workers to become ill or die from the toxic fumes. Indian Parliament recently passed a law in an effort to improve these poor working conditions, but many are doubtful that the new measures will make a difference.
  24. Some of the worst polluted rivers in the world Red pollution discharge in the Jian River in Louyang, North China - Henan Province Overflow of detergent foam and toxic gas emitted from the Tiete River in Sao Paulo, Brazil
  25. Some of the worst polluted rivers in the world An Indian man bathes in the polluted waters of the Yamuna river in New Delhi Children play in the Jarkarta River, India
  26. Mandalay, Burma/Myanmar Workers hand chisel statutes made of stone containing high levels of silica dust without any mechanical exhaust ventilation to reduce the dust exposure. Workers don’t have respirators, personal protective clothing or training to understand the health hazards of silica dust.
  27. In the intense heat, workers mix chemicals in a fireworks factory in Sivakasi town in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu Without gloves or masks, sitting on the floor; workers fill paper tubes filled with a mixture of aluminum powder, potassium nitrate and sulfur, and tipped with mud.
  28. Agricultural migrant workers are exposed to: Intense heat and humidity during the cultivation and harvest; Wet tobacco plants transfer nicotine through the skin and Pesticides while working in the fields without gloves or protective clothing.
  29. Every year about 20-50 million tons of e-waste is produced in the world with 70% shipped to China, and the rest sent to India or poor African countries.  In Guiyu, about 80% of the families disassemble electric wire, plastics and circuit boards with their bare hands; then the unprotected workers use fire and mercuric acid baths to extract precious, mostly toxic metals.
  30. These workers and their family were not just working, but also living in mountains of e-waste. During the Greenpeace campaign, a 165 Guiyu children (Guangdong province, China) were tested for concentrations of lead in their blood, and a devastating 82 percent of the kids had blood/lead levels of over 100 ug/dl, which is considered unsafe by international health experts. The average blood lead level for the group was 149 ug/dl whole blood.
  31. Jharkhand, India. A young boy carries a chunk of coal into the mining camp where he lives.
  32. Men working on a super volcanic mountain range in East Java, Indonesia. The workers, many of whom aren't expected to live past 50, breathe highly noxious gases which come out of the Kawah Ijen Volcano without masks, carrying loads of up to 70kg on their backs from a quarry. Many work shirtless and have huge growths on their backs from the heavy loads. "They carry baskets in excess of 70kg up and out of the crater and down to the collection point, about three kms and most of them do this at least twice a day.”
  33. Workers cut firewood to light an artisanal brick kiln in Kabul, Afghanistan. Below a worker soaks dry cow dung in a mixture of kerosene and gasoline at a kiln near Amritsar, India. The mixture will be used to ignite the kiln.
  34. Workers pour coal into the fire of a Bull’s trench kiln outside Kabul. Continual kilns can operate without stopping for months and even years as workers steadily fire fresh batches of bricks.
  35. Brick kilns dot the landscape in Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A 2012 study showed that hydrogen fluoride emissions from kilns in nearby Peshawar severely damaged certain economically important crops.
  36. Coal strip mining can release toxic gases. The orange color indicates a high concentration of nitrogen oxides. Exposure to the gas can cause respiratory problems, lung damage and even result in death to workers and nearby residents.
  37. Urea fertilizer plants discharge high levels of ammonia and urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate (AN), calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), oxides of nitrogen and ammonium sulfate nitrate (ASN).
  38. Countries with Worst Outdoor Air Pollution Ranked by WHO (2014) Pakistan - Average PM2.5 pollution: 101 µg/m3 Qatar - Average PM2.5 pollution: 92 µg/m3 Afghanistan - Average PM2.5 pollution: 84 µg/m3 Bangladesh - Average PM2.5 pollution: 79 µg/m3 5. Iran - Average PM2.5 pollution: 76 µg/m3 6. Egypt - Average PM2.5 pollution: 74 µg/m3 7. Mongolia - Average PM2.5 pollution: 64 µg/m3 8. United Arab Emirates - Average PM2.5 pollution: 61 µg/m3 9. India - Average PM2.5 pollution: 59 µg/m3 10. Bahrain - Average PM2.5 pollution: 57 µg/m3
  39. Cities with the greatest PM2.5 measurements include: Delhi has the highest level of the airborne particulate matter, PM2.5 considered most harmful to health, with 153 ug/m3. Not far behind is another Indian city, Patna with 149 ug/m3. Half of the top 20 most polluted cities were in India. 
  40. Indoor air pollution is a major health risk throughout the world. In China, tens of millions of rural households still burn coal directly inside their homes to cook. But in India and Africa, wood and charcoal are far more common. Moravia and Silesia is one of Europe’s most polluted regions due to heavy industry located on both sides of the Czech-Polish border. Air pollution is a problem especially in the winter months, when the situation is aggravated by coal heating. And in countries like Kenya or Ethiopia where wood is scarce, animal dung or crop waste is used. Different fuels lead to different health problems.
  41. The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) today highlighted the dangers of burning fuels like unprocessed coal and kerosene in the home, and issued targets for reducing emissions of health-damaging pollutants from domestic cook stoves, space heaters and fuel-based lamps. According to WHO, nearly 3 billion people worldwide still lack access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And an estimated 4.3 million people worldwide die every year from indoor air pollution emitted by rudimentary biomass and coal cook stoves. They die from strokes, and heart and pulmonary diseases, such as childhood pneumonia and lung cancer. Women and children are particularly vulnerable. These diseases are primarily caused by high levels of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide released by the burning of solid fuels such as wood, coal, animal dung, crop waste and charcoal in inefficient stoves, space heaters, or lamps.
  42. The 50-year-old has silicosis, a wasting lung disease that he contracted inhaling deadly silica dust as a grinder of agates — colorful, semi-precious stones commonly used in jewelry, rosary beads and home decorations sold in North America. The young Indian workers who grind the gemstones that go into our jewelry work one of the most dangerous jobs in the world. The grinding process creates clouds of silica dust, which the workers breathe in, condemning them to early painful deaths of silicosis
  43. A 13-year-old child labors in a silver cooking pot factory in Old Dhaka for 10 hour days in hazardous conditions in Dhaka, Bangladesh
  44. Jainal works in silver cooking pot factory. He is 11 years old. He has been working in this factory for three years. His work starts at 9 a.m. and ends at 6 p.m. For his work he gets 700 taka (10 USD) for a month. His parents are so poor that they can not afford to send him to school. According to the factory owner, the parents do not care for their children; they send their kids to work for money and allegedly don't feel sorry for these small kids. Dhaka 2008 
  45. Guangdong Province. Chinese denim factory workers sandblast blue jeans, despite hazardous exposure to crystalline silica dust.
  46. Children at a brick factory in Fatullah - for each 1,000 bricks they carry, they earn a wage in Dhaka, Bangladesh
  47. Ten-year-old working in a door lock factory in Old Dhaka. Unlike his colleague, the co-worker works without a mask to protect against exposure to metal dust.
  48. Above 8-year-old child labors in a rickshaw factory for 10 hours a day. Children work long working hours with inadequate or no rest period. They are exposed to vapors and gases from cleaning metal parts without ventilation.
  49. Eight-year-old works in a metal components factory. When the production often stops due to lack of electricity, he has time to play
  50. Often working children operate in hazardous conditions without safety precautions. This Bolivian boy in La Paz is preparing to saw a heavy iron bar.
  51. Bangladesh’s tanneries are concentrated along the banks of the Buriganga River. Every day these factories discharge thousands of liters of toxic liquid waste into the river.
  52. Many workers handle barrels of chemicals without gloves and walk barefoot on floors covered in chromic acid.
  53. A Bangladeshi worker processes tannery waste A Bangladeshi worker sorts tannery waste for poultry and fish feed in nearby river
  54. Migrant rural worker from China’s Sichuan province, uses a sledge hammer for demolition on one of many construction sites in the city of Chongqing. Just as a 100 years ago, houses are often demolished with sledge-hammers. No consideration is given for their occupational health exposure.
  55. At the Anyuan coal mine in China, a miner makes his way to the shower. Coal dust on his face suggests he does not wear a respirator. 
  56. China has strict rules on asbestos use, but these are often ignored in small-scale, unregulated workshops. More than 100 “asbestos enterprises” close by in Yuyao and neighboring Cixi are mostly family-run businesses. All use chrysotile white asbestos, the only kind of asbestos now allowed in China.
  57. Nearly 93% of the workforce in India is where workers are routinely exposed to asbestos. Asbestos products are present every building. When workers go back home, their families are exposed from the contaminated street clothing.
  58. Garment and rug workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh are exposed to harsh ergonomic and human factor hazards.
  59. Cocoa, the raw ingredient for chocolate, is responsible for about 40% of global export.  In Côte d’Ivoire and West Africa, workers operate hazardous machinery, mix and apply chemicals to cocoa trees; harvest ripe cocoa pods with knives and carry heavy bean sacks for processing.
  60. When things go wrong onboard, workers like these in Thailand have to be able to undertake urgent engineering and repair work, often at sea and in hostile conditions
  61. Bangladesh’s shrimp industry documents examples of hazardous working conditions health and safety violations, and excessive hours.
  62. A 10-year-old child works under unhealthy conditions at a garbage dumping site in Demra, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He cannot afford any shoes and is vulnerable to sickness, injuries, and disease.
  63. A 7-year old girls support her family by scavenging for items on the Kajla rubbish dump. It is one of three landfill sites in a city of 12 million people. Around 5,000 tons of garbage are dumped here each day and more than 1,000 people work among the rubbish, sorting through the waste and collecting items to sell to retailers for recycling.
  64. Most slaughter house workers are in a continuous state of pain due to the long hours and repetitive strain injuries due to nature of their work.
  65. Workers in the business of raising animals for food can be affected by the swine flu or avian flu from livestock
  66. WHO   Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another. Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans. Infectious diseases kill more people worldwide than any other single cause. Infectious diseases are caused by germs. Germs are tiny living things that are found everywhere - in air, soil and water. You can get infected by touching, eating, drinking or breathing something that contains a germ. Germs can also spread through animal and insect bites, kissing and sexual contact. Vaccines, proper hand washing and medicines can help prevent infections. There are four main kinds of germs: Bacteria - one-celled germs that multiply quickly and may release chemicals which can make you sick Viruses - capsules that contain genetic material, and use your own cells to multiply Fungi - primitive plants, like mushrooms or mildew Protozoa - one-celled animals that use other living things for food and a place to live Source: NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
  67. Workers will decant the liquid fuel and oxidizers stored at an abandoned chemical storage site in Tripoli, Libya. Eventually, the fuel will be burnt and the oxidizers will be neutralized and converted to fertilizer for farming.
  68. In the Philippines, underwater mining is done on a more individual and dangerous scale, with children as young as 5 working in a particularly dangerous form of shallow water gold mining Filipino divers disappear into water as opaque as chocolate milk as they blindly dig in search of gold trapped in muddy sediment. It's risky business: As miners go deeper, underwater tunnels could collapse or the compressor that provides air may fail. At the surface, the tunnel opening is small — barely large enough to fit a person. Once inside, the divers dig down as much as 40 to 60 feet. They can’t see a thing — it’s just muddy water The technique is called compression mining, because to stay underwater for up to three or four hours at a time. Divers breathe through a tube that is connected to a small compressor, often made from a beer keg. The compressor is powered by a small diesel motor. Compressor mining was inspired by Filipino fishermen who use compressors to breathe underwater while catching reef fish. The beer-keg compressor is connected to a small motor designed for pumping water from wells. The miners loop the air hose around their shoulders and hold the end in their teeth. Estimates indicate that 1 million children worldwide who work in the hazardous occupation of compression mining, according to ILO, an agency of the United Nations If flecks of gold are found in the soil, the workers up above processing it by mixing the gold with mercury. Gold binds to mercury. “[They] process it a number of times until they’ve got as much gold and mercury together as they can. Then they will squeeze that out — it’s still sort of a liquid form — and try to solidify it into a lump that’s sometimes known as an amalgam. Next, the workers burn the lump, using a blowtorch. During this process, the mercury is vaporized, leaving just the gold. Burning mercury is one of the biggest dangers in this form of mining. Mercury is highly toxic and exposure is known to cause tremors, memory loss and brain damage, among other symptoms. It is especially hard on young, developing children — often the age group most likely to be working with it.
  69. Miners are negatively impacted by poor working conditions and mercury exposure.
  70. A man washes off mud from a pit wall with a hose along a roadside near Airanyir in Thailand. Two men check their yield of tin in a pit after a day's mining at a site near Samfur, Bangka.
  71. Workers use rafts with rubber tubes to look for tin in a large pit at an illegal mining site in the forests of Bangka, Thailand. A man shows his yield of tin after a day's mining in a pit along a road near Airanyir, Merawang-Bangka, Thailand.
  72. Worker checks sand pumped up from the sea floor for tin off the island coast of Bangka, near Tanjung Gunung. Similar work sifting through the ocean floor sediment is done for gold in the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. A worker handles smelted tin from a refractory oven before turning it into ingots. Tin ends up as solder in millions of mobile phones, laptops and computers in Europe, US and Asia
  73. Divers work in contaminated environments including: Oil and chemical spills; Salvage of sunken barges carrying hazardous materials; Inside confined spaces; Government facilities where uranium is enriched; Pipelines with municipal raw sewage, and a wide array of other chemically contaminated environments.
  74. Salt pan workers from Marakkanam,Tamilnadu work with the harsh sun beating down upon them under the open sky.  The site is located at Vedaranyam, Tamil Nadu.
  75. HEALTH HAZARDS and HARDSHIPS are a GLOBAL EPIDEMIC The rise of globalization, precarious work, neoliberal politics, attacks on unions, and the idea of individual employment rights have challenged protection of occupational health and safety of workers world-wide. In the book Hazard or Hardship, Jeffrey Hilgert presents evidence on the right of refusal and protection of worker rights as both a moral and a human question. The current model of human protection follows a individual employment rights framework, which fails to protect all workers against inherent social inequalities within frame-work of the employment relationship.  To adequately protect the right to refuse as a human right around the world, Hilgert argues that a broader protection must be granted under a freedom of association framework.
  76. Worker illness and death due to unhealthy workplaces 2 million workers die each year from workplace causes 160 million workers get sick each year due to non-fatal workplace-related diseases Occupational injuries, sickness, and disease costs the world economy $2.8 trillion/year USD
  77. A non-profit international organization Registered as a charity in Canada Volunteers engaged in workplace health issues around the world Partner with organizations of common interest Members are certified industrial and registered occupational hygienists, and other health and safety professionals Concerned about all types of hazardous work environments and working conditions
  78. Our Vision - A world where workers do not get sick because of their work. Our Mission - To engage the occupational health and hygiene professions in ensuring that workers and employers throughout the world have the knowledge and technical means to prevent work-related disease. Global Reach - Network of 300+ people from around the world - Meet monthly by teleconference and planned annual meetings
  79. Promote occupational health awareness Increase access to occupational hygiene expertise and technology Build capacity and infrastructure to support all industries and occupations Help NGOs integrate OHS into their work and protect their volunteers
  80. Some project examples…
  81. Lead Exposure from Artisanal Gold Mining There are estimated 15 million artisanal and small scale gold miners in the world.
  82. Silica Dust Exposure In the State of Rajasthan, India, about 500,000 workers are heavily exposed to silica in quarrying and agate work Often whole families are exposed where workers live at the work site Wet methods to suppress dust are difficult, due to lack of water in the region Respirators and personal protective clothing are not available
  83. Establish whole goals and objectives for NGOs working on business development Contribute workplace health expertise to NGOs working on global health issues Collaborate with workers, local business, governments, and communities how to identify, assess, and control occupational health hazards Raise awareness for funding by donations, corporate sponsorships, and foundations
  84. Partner with Occupational Hygiene Training Association Approved training provider Developing silica module Recruit translators of OHTA modules
  85. Write modules on the occupational health hazards, risk, and control of exposure and present the best practices Upload information and available resources on WHWB and OHTA websites Offer OHTA courses to universities in host countries and other NGO organizations with limited funding and resources Find volunteer translators and construct flyers and videos in native languages
  86. Collaborate with other organizations with similar sustainable values and goals to promote solutions for change
  87. Sponsored a workshop in Odisha, India on silica exposure among stone crushers in Gujarat, India. Helping prevent silica exposure among agate polishers in Gujarat India
  88. Offer OHTA and other OHS training Nigeria Mozambique Tanzania Mentor new occupational hygienists globally Work with agate workers in India and other countries Assess silica exposure to brick workers in Pakistan Collaborate and partner with similar organizations to make the world a better place
  89. Our mentor program matches experienced occupational hygienists with new hygienists who want technical and career guidance Collaboration with AIHA International Affairs Committee and Mentoring Committee
  90. Assisting Renaissance University in Nigeria to start an undergraduate Occupational Hygiene Program
  91. Present course on occupational hygiene to physicians at Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
  92. Provide OHTA and other training where it is needed, including India, Tanzania and Mongolia Facilitated equipment donations to Uruguay, Pakistan, Tanzania
  93. Inform the OH profession on important issues related to global occupational health Round tables and presentations on global OH at AIHce and other conferences Information sessions at every monthly teleconference
  94. Mentor and train hygiene practitioners Communicate useful and timely information Provide international community outreach Collaborate with peer professionals on global occupational health issues Fundraise and identify support in foundations and socially responsible corporate sponsors Write grant proposals
  95. Administer and synchronize project support to protect workers and their families Translate training and other information and documents into native languages Collaborate with other organizations, universities, and institutions Submit published and peer-reviewed articles of interest for the global OH community Website maintenance
  96. Fundraising to Support Our Activities Crowdsourcing and individual donations Sustainable memberships Corporate sponsorships Foundation support International NGO outreach
  97. Now let’s reimagine a world where everyone goes home as healthy as when they came to work. It’s very possible with your help.
  98. Join our growing international membership!
  99. E-mail: info@whwb.org Subscribe to the whwb.org website to follow our activities Find us on Facebook, Twitter (@WHWB1) or LinkedIn