What Where How When Social Science

1. SYLLABUS
CHAPTER
1. WHAT, WHERE, HOW AND WHEN?

2. SUBJECT
CLASS
CHAPTER
SOCIAL SCIENCE (HISTORY)
6
1
WHAT , WHERE ,HOW
AND WHEN ?

3. Themes Objectives
An Introduction to History
When, Where and How
(a) The time frame under study.
(b) The geographical framework.
(c) Sources.
Explain the specific nature of the
discipline.
(a) Familiarise the learner with the
major developments to be studied.
(b) Develop an understanding of the
significance of geographical terms
used during the time frame.
(c) Illustrate the sources used to
reconstruct history.

4. What is History?
History is a chronological account of events as they took place in the past.
When we live in a society, we become used to the world around us.
We begin to take that world for granted.
We forget that life was not always the way we see it.
History can take us into these pasts.

5. Why Should We Study History?
We should study history as it tells us about our past.
It gives us an understanding of our ancient culture and
lifestyle.
It helps us to solve the problems of the present-day
world.

6. 🞂 1 History helps us in knowing about the past kings,
kingdoms and the society.
2 History tells us about the way people lived, the
food they ate and the clothes they wore.
3 History tells us about the occupations of people.
4 History tells us about the great achievements of
our ancestors.
5 History tells us about the mistakes made by our
ancestors.
6 History also tells us about the games children
played during a particular time.
7We learn from history to make a better future.

7. 🞂 Where did people live ?
🞂 Name of the land India and Bharat
🞂 Finding about the past-- manuscript and
inscription
🞂 What do dates mean? BC and AD
🞂 Elsewhere ...rosetta stone of Egypt

8. 🞂 Eating habits
🞂 Clothes they wore
🞂 Houses they lived in
🞂 Lives of different people
🞂 Their games ,stories and songs

9. • What people used to eat, the type of clothes
they used to wear, the houses in which they
lived.
• How were the lives of hunters, herders,
farmers, rulers, merchants, priests,
craftspersons, artists, musicians, and
scientists?
• The games children used to play, the stories
they have heard, the songs they sang.

11. 🞂 Earliest people where hunter gatherers --so they
wandered…from one place to another and did not have fixed
or permanent settlement but mainly wandered along banks
of river like Narmada ..
🞂 People began to grow crops like wheat and barley in
Sulaiman and kirthar hills around 8000 years ago and also in
Garo Khasi Hill of Northeast. then they started cattle rearing
to get meal ,wool and skin..
🞂 . Rice was first grown in the the north of Vindhya

17. 🞂 Around 5000 years ago some of the
earliest cities flourished along the the
bank of Indus and their tributaries that is
Indus Valley Civilization.
Around 2500 years ago cities and
civilization developed along the bank of
Ganga and its tributaries this lead to
(south) rise of Magadha kingdoms at the
southern area of Ganga river

20. 🞂 People travelled all over the subcontinent
🞂 Common people for livelihood
🞂 Or to escape during drought floods etc like
natural disaster
🞂 Army conquer lands
🞂 Merchants for trade
🞂 Religious teachers traveled to spread religion
and wisdom
🞂 Some for adventure spirit

23.  The special things from this various
type of these movements enriched ours
1. Cultural tradition
2. People have shared new ways of carving
stone
3. Composing music
4. and even cooking food

24. India….. due to Indus which is called Sindhu in
Sanskrit the Iranian and the greeks who came
through the Northwest about 2500 years ago and
where familiar with the Indus called it the Hindus or
the indos and the land to the east of the river was
called India
Bharat…. the name Bharat was used for a group
of people who lived in the Northwest and who are
mentioned in Rigveda the earliest composition in
Sanskrit( dated to about 3500 years ago)

26. 🞂 MANUSCRIPTS…..
🞂 Books written by hand long ago called –
manuscripts…. Menu.. means hand in Latin
words and script means writen
🞂 Written on Palm leaves or birch is specially
found in Himalayas, some eaten by insects,
some destroyed many survived.
🞂
Deals with religious ,kings ,medicine,
literature and science
🞂 Written in Sanskrit Pali and Tamil

31. 🞂 … Writings on relatively hard surface such as
stone or metal.
🞂 Had record of Orders and victories of kings
🞂 They had advantages of having life as
compared of manuscripts

33. 🞂 Archaeologist….. they study the remains of
buildings paintings and sculptures
🞂 They also explore and and excavate under the
surface of the earth to find tools, weapon,
pots,pans, ornaments and coins.
🞂 Some of these objects may we made of stone,
others of bones,baked clay or metal
🞂 Objects that are made of hard, imperishable
(enduring forever), substance usually survive
for a long time.

35. 🞂 Generally historian used the term
…source..for the information got from
manuscripts ,inscriptions and archealogist
🞂 After getting source ..study of past became
interesting

36. 🞂 If someone ask for date 2020 it means 2020
years after the birth of Jesus Christ.
🞂 Birth of Jesus is supposed to be the zero
point of history.
🞂 Before that time all the dates are counted
backward and are called BC or before Christ
🞂 The time after birth of Jesus is called AD or
Anno Domini so 2020 is AD 2020
🞂 CE-common era used instead of AD and
BCE-- before common era used instead of BC

39. • Many inscriptions contain both script and
language.
• language changes over time so
understanding the inscription is not
simple.
🞂 This is done by a process known as
decipherment.
🞂 Rosetta stone of Egypt had inscriptions on 3
different languages and scripts( Greek and
two forms of Egyptian)

40. SCRIPT
ROSETTA STONE
OF EZYPT
INDUS VALLEY
CIVILISATION

41. Exercise Questions
1 You have to interview an archaeologist. Prepare a list of
five questions that you would like to ask her/him
Solution:
1. What is Archaeology?
2. What does an Archaeologist do?
3. What is the process involved in excavation?
4. How does Archaeologist determine the age of any of
the objects discovered from excavations?
5. Why are symbols important in the field of
Archaeology?

42. 2 Match the following
Narmada Valley The first big kingdom
Magadha Hunting and gathering
Garo Hills Cities about 2500 years ago
Indus and its tributaries Early agriculture
Ganga valley The first cities

43. Solution
Narmada Valley Hunting and gathering
Magadha The first big kingdom
Garo Hills Early agriculture
Indus and its tributaries The first cities
Ganga valley Cities about 2500 years ago

44. 3 List onemajordifferencebetweenmanuscripts and
inscriptions
SOLUTION
Manuscripts Inscriptions
They were written by hand,
these were usually written
on palm leaves or on the
specially prepared bark of a
tree known as The Birch,
which grows in the
Himalayas.
These are writings
engraved on relatively
hard surfaces such as
stone or metal.

45. 4 Return to Rasheeda’s question. Can you think of
some answers to it?
When Rasheeda was reading the newspaper, her eyes
fell on a small headline: “One Hundred Years ago.” How,
she wondered, could anyone know what had happened
so many years ago
• SOLUTION
• One can think of 4 different ways
• Inscriptions
• Manuscripts
• Tools and weapons
• Reading the books written in the past

46. 5 Make a list of all objects that archaeologists may
find. Which of these could be made of stone?
• SOLUTION
• The findings of Archaeologists could be of 9
different types.
1. Buildings
made of
stone and
brick
3. Sculpture 5. Weapons 7. Pans
2. Paintings 4. Tools 6. Pots 8.
Ornaments
9. Coins

47. • The objects that could be made up of stones
are given below
• 1. Buildings
• 2. Tools
• 3. Weapons
• 4. Ornaments

48. 6 Why do you think ordinary men and women
did not generally keep records of what they did?
• SOLUTION
• Unlike the present day, record keeping was
not easy in the past. Records were usually
maintained by Kings to describe their victories
in battles. Those records were maintained by
inscribing on stones, which were not an easy
task that could be carried out by ordinary men
and women.

49. 7 Describe at least 2 ways in which you think the lives of
kings would have been different from those of farmers.
SOLUTION
1. Kings had absolute power over all his subjects,
irrespective of their profession, farmers had no such
powers.
• 2. Kings lived in palaces. Farmers had no such
opportunities.
• 3. The King was responsible for protecting his
kingdom by waging battles, whereas the farmers’
responsibilities were to grow crops.

50. Multiple choice questions
choose the correct options to complete the statement given
below
• 1 People who gathered their food are called
(a) Hunters ( b) skilled gatherers ( c ) farmers (d) Merchant
• 2 The places where rice was first grown are located in
(a) North of The vindhyas ( b) sulaiman Hills (c) on the banks of Ganga
(d) garo Hill
3 ..................... was not used in the old books
(a) prakrutik ( b) Hindi (c) Sanskrit (d) Tamil
• 4 The kingdom of Magadha was located
(a) on the banks of the Indus (b) in the south of the vindhyas
(c) in the area along Gangas tributaries in the south of Ganga
(d) in the Garo Hills reason

51. Fill in the blanks
• 1 Man and women moved in search of
........................and to escape from...............
• 2 The name India was given by the iranis and the
................................................
• 3 The work of the birch tree was used to
prepare................................
• 4 Inscription where writen on hard surface
like.....................................
• 5 Travelling from one place to another lead to
............................................

52. True false state
whether the sentence are true T or false F
1 The first crops were grown almost 8000 years ago.
2 The Garo Hills are located in South of India.
3 The Magadh Kingdom was set up near the Ganga river.
4 The rigved is the earliest composition in the Sanskrit language.
5 The iranis and the greeks called India Bharat.
6 Inscriptions were written on the palm leaf.
7 The years are counted with reference to the birth of Christ.
8 Ordinary people used prakrit to talk to each others

53. Very short answer type questions
• 1 what do you know about the location of the Sulaiman and kirthar hills ?
• Answer the Sulaiman and kirthar hills are located in the modern day Pakistan
• 2 Name any two animals which the people of the Sulaiman and kirthar hills
reared?
• Answer sheep and goat
• 3 Where are the Garo Hills located ?
• Answer the Garo Hill are in the north east India
• 4 What are tributries ?
• Answer tributries are small river that flow into a bigger river
• 5 Name the tributary of the river Ganga ?
• Answers son
• 6 Where was Magadh located ?
• answer Magadh was located in the south of the Ganga
• 7 Why was Magadh famous ?
• Answer Magadh was famous because its rulers where very powerful who
establish a big Kingdom

54. • 8 What was the job of religious teachers ?
• Answer - religious teacher move from one place to another to offer
instructions and advice to the people who meet on the way
• 9 from where does the word India come ?
• Answer- the word India comes from the Indus known as Sindhu in
Sanskrit
• 10 What is meant by manuscript ?
• Answer - manuscript meant letter written by hand
• 11 what was used in the ancient time to write manuscript ?
• Answer -Palm leaf and the bark of the birch trees was used in the ancient
time to write manuscript
• 12 what are inscription ?
• Answer - inscriptions are written on the relatively hard surface like stone
and metal
• 13 why do archaeologist look for bones of animal , birds and fish ?
• Answer -they do so in order to find out what people ate in the past
• 14 what are the occupation of the people of the Andaman Island ?
• Answer -the people of the Andaman Islands are engaged in fishing,
hunting and collecting forest products

55. Short answer type questions
• 1 what do you know about the earliest people who live along the
bank of river Narmada for several Hundred Thousand Years ?
Answer- those people where skilled gatherers, they gathered their
food . they also collected root, fruits and other forest products for
their food , they also hunted animals for this purpose .
• 2 people in the earliest time used to travel from one place to
another. What their journey are full of dangers ? what type of
dangers did they face ?
• Answer - It is true that people in the earliest time used to travel
from this place to that but their journey were dangerous . the hills
and high mountains including the Himalayas, desert , rivers and
seas created danger for them but they never got afraid of them
instead they overcome them and continued to travel.

56. • 3 Who are archaeologist? what do they do?
• Answer- Archaeologist are person who study the object of the past . they study
the remains of the buildings made of stone and bricks, paintings and sculpture
they also explore and dig the earth in order to find out tools, weapons, ports, pan ,
ornament and coins.
•
• 4 How are City people different from the people living in the Andaman Island ?
• answer - people living in the Andaman Island manage their own food by fishing
hunting and collecting forest produce. on the other hand City people depend on
other for supplies of food.
• 5 How can you say that historians and archaeologists are like detective ?
•
• Answer- Historian often use the word source to refer to the information found
from manuscript, inscriptions and archaeology. once source are found ,learning
about the past becomes an adventure as we reconstruct it bit by bit , so
historians and archaeologists are like detectives who use all these source like clues
to discover about the past.

57. long answer type questions
• 1 How was travelling an important part of life of the people
in the pasts ?
• Answer people in the past were very fond of travelling
from one place to another. Although the hills and high
mountains like the Himalayas, deserts, rivers and seas
posed great problem, people keeps on travelling. They
moved in search of livelihood they had also in their mind
to escape from natural disasters such as flood and drought.
Sometime men marched in Armies and conquered others
lands. Merchant travelled with caravans or ship they carried
valuable goods from place to place. There were religious
teachers who used to walk from village to village town to
town. They offered instructions and advice to the people
who met them on the way. There were also people who
travelled because they were at adventures by nature they
enjoyed discovering new and exciting places .

58. 2 What are the different ways to find out about the
past?
• Answer- the different ways to find out about the past are following
• 1 Manu script - these were hand written matter they were usually
written on Palm leaf or the bark of the birch tree while many of these
manuscript got destroyed, many have survived in temples and monasteries.
These books deal with all kind of subject such as religious beliefs and
practices ,the lives of kings, medicines and Science, this one script also
include epics poems plays.
•
• 2 Inscriptions - are writing on relatively hard surfaces such as stone and
metal surface. some time kings got their orders inscribed in order to make
common people aware of them. Inscription keep records of victories in
battle.
• 3 Archaeological excavations or evidences - archaeology mean the
study of culture of the past and of the period of history by examine the
remains of buildings and objects found in the earth, archaeologist explore
and dig Earth to find tool, weapon, pots, pans, ornaments and coins. these
things provide as valuable information about the past .