What services require auditors to be independent How does an audito.pdf
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what is the time complexity for this code: For (int i = 1 to n) {j = i while(j Solution The time complexity of an algorithm quantifies the amount of time taken by an algorithm to run as a function of the length of the string representing the input. The time complexity of an algorithm is commonly expressed using big O notation, which excludes coefficients and lower order terms. When expressed this way, the time complexity is said to be described asymptotically, i.e., as the input size goes to infinity. For example, if the time required by an algorithm on all inputs of size n is at most 5n3 + 3n for any n (bigger than some n0), the asymptotic time complexity is O(n3). Time complexity is commonly estimated by counting the number of elementary operations performed by the algorithm, where an elementary operation takes a fixed amount of time to perform. Thus the amount of time taken and the number of elementary operations performed by the algorithm differ by at most a constant factor..
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An exercise whose objective is to enable auditors to express an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view (or equivalent) of the entity’s affairs at the period end and of its profit or loss (or income and expenditure) for the period then ended and have been properly prepared in
accordance with the applicable reporting framework (e.g. relevant legislation and applicable accounting standards) or where statutory or other specific requirements prescribe the term, whether the financial statements “present fairly”.
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Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to
mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.
Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to
mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.
Solution
Answers:
Change of allele frequencies due to the said factors have been discussed below:
Mutation:
Mutations introduces new alleles into a population and can affect allele the allele frequency in
the population.
Migration:
The movement of new individuals into or out of a population results in a change in allele
frequency. Immigration results in addition of new alleles to a population while the reverse results
in a loss.
Genetic drift:
It occurs due to a change in allele frequencies in a population by chance. Genetic drift is a
random process and result in large changes in population within a short interval.
Non random mating:
Unless accompanied by selection, non random mating change the genotypic frequencies but not
the allele frequencies in a population. The most important form of non random mating is
inbreeding.
Selection:
Selection occurs when genotypes have different reproductive successes. It acts as a positive filter
and removes alleles which has negative influence on a population while selects those which have
positive or neutral effects..
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How to compute the cost oand ond pertmance bond2 paument bond 1 supply subdivicion band1
in a certan conshuchion proiedt with exomples
Solution
Bid Bond
Contractors who submit bids usually are asked to
provide a bid bond. The bid bond states that the
contractor will enter into a contract when one is
offered and will provide bonding as required.<>Bid
bonds generally are written with a penalty equal to a
percentage of the contract price; usually 5%, 10%,
or 20%. They may also be written with a specific
dollar penalty. If an owner offers a contract to a
selected contractor and the contractor refuses to
enter into the contract, the owner may make a claim
against the bid bond for the difference between the
price of the contract in question and the price of a
substitute contract or the penalty of the bid bond,
whichever is less.
Maintenance bond
Maintenance bonds are used when an owner wants a
warranty period beyond one year. A warranty period
can be extended for an annual fee, but sureties gener-
ally do not go beyond a total of two or three years.
The annual fee for a maintenance bond is a fraction
of the cost of a performance bond.
Performance bond
Performance bonds guarantee to the owner that the
contractor will perform its contractual obligations in
accordance with the plans and specifications. These
bonds can take a variety of forms, ranging from the
very simple to the long and complicated. The cost of a performance bond usually is less than 1%
of the contract price; however, if the contract is under $1 million, the premium may run between
1% and 2%. Bonds may be more costly, depending upon the credit-worthiness of the contractor.
Suppy Bond
Supply bonds guarantee that ordered materials will
be delivered. Such bonds generally are employed if
an item is critical, time-sensitive, hard to find, or
proprietary. Supply bonds may guarantee only a
purchase order, so the terms and conditions of that
order should always be carefully drafted. The cost of
these bonds is usually minimal.
Payment bond
Labor and material payment bonds are companions
to the performance bond. They assure the owner that
the labor, material, and subcontractor costs on the
job will be paid. This assurance is for the use and
benefit of all laborers, material suppliers, and
subcontractors who are eligible by contract or statute
for the protection afforded by the payment bonds.
They can also act as a way to protect the project from
liens.
Subdivision bond
Frequently, general contractors will require from
their subcontractors the same types of bonds required
by the owner. Generals may do this, for example,
when the sub trade is critical to the project, the sub’s
price was much lower than its competitors, the sub is
not well-known to the general, or the general’s surety
requires the bonding of some or all subs as a precondition to bonding the general..
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An exercise whose objective is to enable auditors to express an opinion on whether the financial statements give a true and fair view (or equivalent) of the entity’s affairs at the period end and of its profit or loss (or income and expenditure) for the period then ended and have been properly prepared in
accordance with the applicable reporting framework (e.g. relevant legislation and applicable accounting standards) or where statutory or other specific requirements prescribe the term, whether the financial statements “present fairly”.
Similar to What services require auditors to be independent How does an audito.pdf (20)
Audit company - Audit for companies - PKC Management Consulting
Audit company - Audit for companies - PKC Management Consulting
Assurance engagement and prospective financial information 2
Assurance engagement and prospective financial information 2
IESBA CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS PAGE 36 – 50 GROUP 3
IESBA CODE OF ETHICS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOUNTANTS PAGE 36 – 50 GROUP 3
More from longojasperze84880
Given that tan = 7 in quadrant IV, nd sin 2, cos 2, and tan 2.S.pdf
Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to
mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.
Give one example of how allele frequencies change from one generation to the next due to
mutation, migration, genetic drift, nonrandom mating, and selection.
Solution
Answers:
Change of allele frequencies due to the said factors have been discussed below:
Mutation:
Mutations introduces new alleles into a population and can affect allele the allele frequency in
the population.
Migration:
The movement of new individuals into or out of a population results in a change in allele
frequency. Immigration results in addition of new alleles to a population while the reverse results
in a loss.
Genetic drift:
It occurs due to a change in allele frequencies in a population by chance. Genetic drift is a
random process and result in large changes in population within a short interval.
Non random mating:
Unless accompanied by selection, non random mating change the genotypic frequencies but not
the allele frequencies in a population. The most important form of non random mating is
inbreeding.
Selection:
Selection occurs when genotypes have different reproductive successes. It acts as a positive filter
and removes alleles which has negative influence on a population while selects those which have
positive or neutral effects..
How would functionalism perspective view the relationship between me.pdf
How to compute the cost oand ond pertmance bond2 paument bond 1 supply subdivicion band1
in a certan conshuchion proiedt with exomples
Solution
Bid Bond
Contractors who submit bids usually are asked to
provide a bid bond. The bid bond states that the
contractor will enter into a contract when one is
offered and will provide bonding as required.<>Bid
bonds generally are written with a penalty equal to a
percentage of the contract price; usually 5%, 10%,
or 20%. They may also be written with a specific
dollar penalty. If an owner offers a contract to a
selected contractor and the contractor refuses to
enter into the contract, the owner may make a claim
against the bid bond for the difference between the
price of the contract in question and the price of a
substitute contract or the penalty of the bid bond,
whichever is less.
Maintenance bond
Maintenance bonds are used when an owner wants a
warranty period beyond one year. A warranty period
can be extended for an annual fee, but sureties gener-
ally do not go beyond a total of two or three years.
The annual fee for a maintenance bond is a fraction
of the cost of a performance bond.
Performance bond
Performance bonds guarantee to the owner that the
contractor will perform its contractual obligations in
accordance with the plans and specifications. These
bonds can take a variety of forms, ranging from the
very simple to the long and complicated. The cost of a performance bond usually is less than 1%
of the contract price; however, if the contract is under $1 million, the premium may run between
1% and 2%. Bonds may be more costly, depending upon the credit-worthiness of the contractor.
Suppy Bond
Supply bonds guarantee that ordered materials will
be delivered. Such bonds generally are employed if
an item is critical, time-sensitive, hard to find, or
proprietary. Supply bonds may guarantee only a
purchase order, so the terms and conditions of that
order should always be carefully drafted. The cost of
these bonds is usually minimal.
Payment bond
Labor and material payment bonds are companions
to the performance bond. They assure the owner that
the labor, material, and subcontractor costs on the
job will be paid. This assurance is for the use and
benefit of all laborers, material suppliers, and
subcontractors who are eligible by contract or statute
for the protection afforded by the payment bonds.
They can also act as a way to protect the project from
liens.
Subdivision bond
Frequently, general contractors will require from
their subcontractors the same types of bonds required
by the owner. Generals may do this, for example,
when the sub trade is critical to the project, the sub’s
price was much lower than its competitors, the sub is
not well-known to the general, or the general’s surety
requires the bonding of some or all subs as a precondition to bonding the general..
For which column would you create an indexSolutionAnswerIn.pdf
For the following four questions, your answer should be about one paragraph for each, but be
sufficiently detailed. If you wish, you can use numerical calculations involving the Nernst or
Goldman equations as part of your qualitative explanations; however, if you choose to do so, you
must establish and justify your basic assumptions, and you must show all calculations. For the
following scenarios, explain what the changes in resting permeabilities will do to V_m of an
excitable cell. An increase in resting permeability to Na^+ A decrease in resting permeability to
Na^+ An increase in resting permeability to K^+. A decrease in resting permeability to K^+.
Read the accompanying article, Potassium chloride in hospitals a health hazard, and answer the
following three questions. Explain why increasing extracellular K^+ may cause death. For this,
you can assume that resting permeability to K^+ does not change. To properly answer this
question, you must research the problem using Internet, literature, or library sources. Be certain
to provide proper citation. Remember, cutting-and pasting is plagiarism and s forbidden. Explain
why increasing extracellular K^+ caused searing pain to the unfortunate patients. Include
appropriate clinical and/or research references to support your answer. To properly answer this
question, you must research the problem using Internet, literature, or library sources. Be certain
to provide proper citation. Remember, cutting-and pasting is plagiarism and is forbidden. Since
V_m is close to resting E_K, you can approximate V_m as E_K by using the Nernst equation.
Use at least 3 numerical examples of increasing extracellular [K^+], but ones that are
physiologically appropriate extracellular [K^+]. Again, you must research this. Calculate the
approximate changes in V_m; show all calculations, and explain what is happening.
Alternatively, you may employ the Goldman equation, but as mentioned above, you must
establish and justify your basic assumptions, and you must show all calculations.
Solution
2A)An increase in resting permeability to Na+ results in depolarisation of the cell.
2B)An decrease in resting permeability to Na+ makes cell move positive.
2C) An increase in resting permeability to K+ makes cell more positive.
2D)An decrease in resting permeability to K+ makes cell more negative.
Nerst Equation is given by-:
Eion =RT ln (Ion1) /ZF(Ion 2)
R=gas constant =1.987 cal 7mol - deg
T= degree K
Z= ion balance
F=faraday\'s constant 23.062 cal/ V mol
At 37 degree C E in mV = - 61.5/z log10 (Ion 1)/(Ion 2)
According to above equation
When Na+ permeability begins to exceed the membrane potential approaches to ENa +
Decease in Na+ lead to increase in K+ permeability.
Increase in k+permeability makes cell more positive Ek+.
Decease in k+ permeability makes cell negative..
Explain how the Seven Years War had a significant impact on coloni.pdf
Explain for each step in this sample Program? %Select( EMPLID) SELECT EM PUD FROM
ABC SQLExec(\"SELECTCOUNT(*)FROM ABC\", &Count;); MessageBox(0, \"\", 0, 0 \"No
of Rows in ABC Table:\" | & Count); MessageBox(0, \"\", 0, 0, \"Employee ID in State Record:
\" | CNU_AET.EMPLTD.Value); DELETE FROM ABC WHERE EMPLID IN (SELECT TOP
5 EMPLID FROM ABC ORDER BY EMPLID DESC)
Solution
Q10
No of Rows in ABC Table: 10
Employee ID in State Record: AA
No of Rows in ABC Table: 5
Employee ID in State Record: AA.
dw Lesson 17 Question 274 If an IRS examiner believes that a tax prac.pdf
During teh month of August 2014, ADC Co, a CPA service, had the following transactions:
Billed $48,000 in revenues on credit
Received $2,000 from customers\' accounts receivable
Incurred expenses of $6,000 but only paid $5,750 cash for these expenses
Prepaid $1,110 for computer services to be used next month
Incurred wage expense of $100 but to be paid next month
Used office building for the month; depreciation expenseof $4,000 not yet recorded
What was the company\'s accrual basis net income for the month and why?
Solution.
Click on each bony marking term that represents a part of a bone that.pdf
Class and Objects based Problems:
Question 1: Circle -radius: double +Circle() +Circle(r: double) +setRadius(radius: double): void
+getRadius():double +getArea():double +getPerimeter():double
Design a class named Circle with the features shown in the UML Diagram. Write a test class and
create two objects of circle class and ask the user to enter the radius for each object and give the
entered radius as input to circle class to find the area and perimeter. The default value is 1 for
radius. Display the radius, area, and perimeter of circle in this order. Question
2. Design a class named Person, Student and Employee. a. A Person has a Name, Address and
phone Number. b. A Student has an id and major. c. An Employee has a Salary and Employee
Number. Write a constructor, setter and getter for each class. Write display() method in each
class to display all the fields. Write a test program that creates a Person, Student, Employee, and
invokes their display() methods.
Solution
1
#include
using namespace std;
class Circle
{
private:
double radius;
public:
Circle() //default constructor with default radius =1
{
radius = 1;
}
Circle(double r) //parameterized constructor
{
radius = r;
}
void setRadius(double r) //set and get methods
{
radius = r;
}
double getRadius()
{
return radius;
}
double getArea() //calculate area
{
return (3.1412*radius*radius);
}
double getPerimeter() //calculate perimeter
{
return (2*3.1412*radius);
}
};
int main()
{
Circle c1 ; //object 1
double radius;
cout<<\"\ Enter the radius of the circle \";
cin>>radius;
c1.setRadius(radius);
cout<<\"\ Radius= \"<
using namespace std;
class Person
{
private:
string name;
string address;
string phone;
public:
Person(string n,string a,string p) //default constructor
{
name = n;
address =a;
phone =p;
}
void setName(string n) //set and get methods
{
name = n;
}
string getName()
{
return name;
}
void setAddress(string a) //set and get methods
{
address=a;
}
string getAddress()
{
return address;
}
void setPhone(string p) //set and get methods
{
phone = p;
}
string getPhone()
{
return phone;
}
void display()
{
cout<<\"\ Person Name :\"<.
a taxpayer who owns And operates two separate business activities ca.pdf
A study examined waiting times in the X-ray department for a hospital in Jacksonville, Florida.
A clerk recorded the number of patients waiting for service at 9:00 A.M. on 20 consecutive days
and obtained the following results.
Number Waiting
Number of Days Outcome Occurred
0
2
1
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
Total
20
a. Define the experiment the clerk conducted.
b. List the experimental outcomes.
c. Assign probabilities to the experimental outcomes.
d. What method did you use?
Number Waiting
Number of Days Outcome Occurred
0
2
1
5
2
6
3
4
4
3
Total
20
Solution
1) Experiment :
The clerk noted the number of people waiting in the queue at 9.00 AM everyday at the hospital
for 20 days consecutively
2) Experimental outcomes :
The outcomes are X = 0,1,2,3,4 patients
3) Probabilities :
d)
Probabilities are calculated as :
Number of days of occurence / total number of days
Hope this helps. Ask if you have doubtsNumber WaitingNumber of
DaysProbability020.1150.25260.3340.2430.15Total20.
A book of 500 pages contains 750 misprints. What is the probability .pdf
A bird sanctuary has 23 parakeets and is planning a breeding program to increase the number of
birds. The program aims to increase the number of parakeets by 18% each year. The number of
parakeets, N, can be found using the formula N = c(1.18)^t, where c is the initial number of
parakeets and t is the number of years. How many parakeets will there be after 9 years? A 405 B
102 C 244 D 27
Solution
The formula for N, the number of parakeets is N = c( 1.18)t where c is the initial number of
parakeets and t is the number of years. Here, c = 23 and t = 9. Therefore, N = 23(1.18)9 =
23*4.435453859 = 102 ( on rounding off to the nearest whole number.The answer B is correct..
A hypothesis test regarding the population mean is based on The samp.pdf
A golden bar of metal (77 centimeters by 1919 centimeters by 44 centimeters) being transported
by armored car is suspected of being fake, made from a less valuable metal with a thin coating of
pure gold. The bar is found to have a mass of 3.83.8 kilograms. If the specific gravity of gold is
19.319.3, is the bar fake? Justify your answer.
Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice.
A.) The bar is fake because the specific gravity of a bar is __________ and it is different from
the specific gravity of gold. (Round your answer to three significant digits.)
or
B. The bar is not fake because its specific gravity is 19.319.3 and it is the same as the specific
gravity of gold.
Solution
The bar is not fake because its specific gravity is 19.319 and it is the same specific gravity of
gold.
Write 250 words on information on the MacBook, and explanation of th.pdf
Will has $4,355.19 in his checking account. He writes checks for $1,204.90 and $890.99. How
much is left in Will’s account?
A. $1,189.65
B. $2,259.30
C. $2,867.30
D. $2,989.50
Solution
B. To calculate the answer to this question, add up the amount of the checks and subtract that
from the current amount in the checking account.
$4,355.19 – ($1,204.90 + $890.99)
= $2,259.30.
What is special about the skulls of LagomorphsSagittal crestThe.pdf
What is a Relay Log in My SQL? Please reference the question.
Solution
The dictionary definition of relay is to recieve and pass on. It is similar in MySQL. When the
server wants to replicate, it creates many logs that store the binary log events from master to
slave. It contains the set of events that change the data or structure of the database.
There are two parts to it:
> Set of relay log files
> Index file of all relay log files
The step by step process of replication can be described as follows:
The master is connected to IO Thread by reading the binary log events and these are replicated in
the relay log.This way a new copy of the events is created..
What is the difference between an open channel flow and sheet flo.pdf
What is special about the skulls of Lagomorphs?
Sagittal crest
The skull is fenestrated
Deeply roted molars
Incomplete zygomatic arch
Solution
special about the skulls of Lagomorphs is
The skull is fenestrated
Explination= in case of Lagomorphs on various places on skull surface ,the bone is exceedingly
porous or perforated & this screen like structure is called fenestrae or with windows.
BIO cell and molecular bio ANSWER ALL1 which of the fo.pdf
because of a hurricane, your regular laboratory session was cancelled and the gram stain
procedure was performed on cultures incubated for a longer period of time. Examination of the
stain staphylococcus aureus slides revealed a great deal of color variability ranging from intese
blue to shades of pink. Account for this result.
Solution
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram positive, non motile bacteria. On Gram staining it will appear
purple to blue color since it will retain crystal violet dye. Again, Gram negative bacteria say for
example, E.coli will appear pink in color.
So, here due to longer period of incubation the culture has been contaminated with Gram
negative bacteria. Therefore showing color variability in Gram staining results..
If the neuron membrane becomes more permeable to Na+, Na+ will trans.pdf
If I drive x mph for t hours and then y mph for 2t hours. Then what is expression for the average
speed.
Solution
average speed = (total distance)/(total time)
-----
distance = rate*time
-------------------
Your Problem:
total distance = (xt)+ (2yt) = (x+2y)t miles
----------------------
total time = t + 2t = 3t hours
---------------------------
Therefore, average speed = [(x+2y)t]/(3t) = (x+2y)/3 mph.
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species at .pdf
The employees have indicated that 95% of employees in one of the departments are receiving
higher salaries than any other department because their supervisor parties with them each
weekend. Some employees only have an hourly rate which you have to calculate their yearly
salary before completing the calculations. Please calculate the 95% standard deviation for each
department and indicate for me if any department is receiving on average $2k or more on the
high end.
The employees have indicated that 95% of employees in one of the departments are receiving
higher salaries than any other department because their supervisor parties with them each
weekend. Some employees only have an hourly rate which you have to calculate their yearly
salary before completing the calculations. Please calculate the 95% standard deviation for each
department and indicate for me if any department is receiving on average $2k or more on the
high end.
Department 1
Department 2
Department 3
Department 4
Department 5
$22,450
18,550
B
22555
19050
$30,050
27,050
16765
29950
21545
$23,785
26,785
30050
23785
27950
A
25050
29955
B
27550
$27,594
26557
A
27650
25550
A – $9/hr @ 40 hrs week @ 50 weeks a year
B – $11/hr @ 35 hrs wee @ 52 weeks a year
Is any department receiving on average $2k or more on the high end of the standard deviation
using standard deviation at 95%? If so, which department and be sure to explain your answer.
Department 1
Department 2
Department 3
Department 4
Department 5
$22,450
18,550
B
22555
19050
$30,050
27,050
16765
29950
21545
$23,785
26,785
30050
23785
27950
A
25050
29955
B
27550
$27,594
26557
A
27650
25550
Solution.
1.Mitosis2.In meiosis,3.Homologous chromosomes4.Chromosomes ar.pdf
1.Mitosis
2.In meiosis,
3.Homologous chromosomes
4.Chromosomes are
5.Which of the following is true of mitosis?
6. The phenotype of an individual refers to
7.Chromosomes are contained in
8. In diploid organisms
9.Gametes
10.The genotype of an individual refers toa.results in an egg only.
Solution
1.Mitosis :c.results in a daughter cell that has the exact copy of the chromosomes of its parent.
Reason: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as that
of parent cell.
2.Meiosis: d.haploid cells are produced from a single diploid cell.
Reason:Form a single dipolid cell, four haploid cells are formed.
3.Homologous chromosomes: c. come in pairs.
Reason: Homologous chromosomes means one from father and one from mother.So they come
in pairs.
4.Chromosomes are :a.replicated during cell division.
Reason: Chromosome replication takes place in mitosis.
5.Which of the following is true of mitosis?a.Mitosis produces identical daughter cells.
Reason: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as that
of parent cell.
6.The phenotype of an individual refers to :d.its visible characteristics.
Reason:The observed characteristics of individual is known as phenotype.
7.Chromosomes are contained in :d.the nuclei of eukaryotes.
Reason: It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes that chromosomes are contained.
8.In diploid organisms :d.chromosomes occur in homologous pairs.
Reason: Homologous chromosomes means one from father and one from mother.So they come
in pairs.
9.Gametes : a.are the sex cells, or eggs and sperm.
Reason:Gametes are male or female sex cells.
10.The genotype of an individual refers to :c.the number of chromosomes in its body cells.
Reason:Genotype refers to genetic constitution of an individual and so refers to the number of
chromosomes in its body cells..
The Additional Funds Needed Equation (AFN) can be intuitively inte.pdf
Test y = 4x^2/x^2 + 1 for symmetry.
Solution
y =4x2/(x2+1)
for symmetry about y axis:
put -x in place of x
y=4(-x)2/((-x)2+1)
y=4x2/(x2+1) we get same equation. so curve is symmetric about y axis
for symmetry about x axis
put -y in place of y:
-y =4x2/(x2+1)
equation is not same as original one
so not symmetric about x axis
for symmetry about origin
put -y in place of y:, -x in place of x
-y =4(-x)2/((-x)2+1)
-y =4(x)2/(x2+1)
equation is not same as original one
so not symmetric about origin.
Summarise the behavioural differences between subcritical and superc.pdf
Statistics: Random Sample of Packages
Thank you. At a nearby post office, the weight of packages mailed out has a mean of 3.22
pounds and a standard deviation of 1.06 pounds. Consider a random sample of 50 packages
mailed out from this post office in the last year. Find the probability that the average weight of
these packages exceeds 3.4 pounds. Clearly state the distribution of the sample mean and find the
probability. Is your answer exact or approximate?
Solution
****************************************
We first get the z score for the critical value. As z = (x - u) sqrt(n) / s, then as
x = critical value = 3.4
u = mean = 3.22
n = sample size = 50
s = standard deviation = 1.06
Thus,
z = (x - u) * sqrt(n) / s = 1.200747364
Thus, using a table/technology, the right tailed area of this is
P(z > 1.200747364 ) = 0.114924608 [ANSWER]
************
BY central limit theorem, the distribution of the means will be NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED.
This is an approximate, because we only have a limited sample size..
Similar and Nonsimilar Shapes Name Find the pairs of shapes that are .pdf
Show that, in the process of transferring a tower under the restrictions of the preceding excercise,
we will actually encounter every properly stacked arrangement of n disks on three pegs.
Tower of hanoi problem.
Solution
Let call the three pegs Src (Source), Aux (Auxiliary) and Dst (Destination). To better understand
and appreciate the following solution you should try solving the puzzle for small number of
disks, say, 2,3, and, perhaps, 4. However one solves the problem, sooner or later the bottom disk
will have to be moved from Src to Dst. At this point in time all the remaining disks will have to
be stacked in decreasing size order on Aux. After moving the bottom disk from Src to Dst these
disks will have to be moved from Aux to Dst. Therefore, for a given number N of disks, the
problem appears to be solved if we know how to accomplish the following tasks:.
Please answer the question carefully.Name and briefly describe 4 d.pdf
Plasmid pRIT452 was cut with Pstl. HindlII, and EcoRI. From the data below, determine the
map Pstl HindIll. 6.2 EcoRI PstI HindIII 4.8 2.0 1.7 Pstl EcoRI 5.4 3.8 3.0 EcoRI HindlII 6.2 1.8
1.2 Plasmid pRIT453 was cut with smal, Hindlu, and EcoRI. From the data low, determine the
map. EcoRI 1.6 Hindlll 1.9 Smal 6.6 EcoRI Hindlll 4.5 1.9 1.6 EcoRI Smal 5.7 0.7 Smal HindIII
2.7 2.2 1.9 e the ry on only des o nega
Solution
figure shows pRIT452 map, in the same way ,it can map pRIT453 also. first draw a gel running
like picture then compare fragment with different enzyme and find out exact position
accordingly.
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Given that tan = 7 in quadrant IV, nd sin 2, cos 2, and tan 2.S.pdf
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If the neuron membrane becomes more permeable to Na+, Na+ will trans.pdf
If the neuron membrane becomes more permeable to Na+, Na+ will trans.pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species at .pdf
The figure below shows the chromosomes in a cell for some species at .pdf
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The Additional Funds Needed Equation (AFN) can be intuitively inte.pdf
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Summarise the behavioural differences between subcritical and superc.pdf
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like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
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- 1. What services require auditors to be independent? How does an auditor decide whether to accept or reject a client? What should the auditor consider? Solution IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants states: ‘Before accepting a new client relationship, a professional accountant in public practice shall determine whether acceptance would create any threats to compliance with the fundamental principles. Potential threats to integrity or professional behaviour may be created from, for example, questionable issues associated with the client (its owners, management or activities).’ This means that when approached to take on a new client, the firm should investigate the potential client, its owners and business activities in order to evaluate whether there are any questions over the integrity of the potential client which create unacceptable risk. These investigative actions are usually performed as ‘know your client/customer’ or ‘customer due diligence’ procedures, which are also carried out in order to comply with anti-money laundering regulations. Once a client has been accepted, the firm should consider the suitability of the specific engagement it has been asked to perform. In particular there may be ethical threats which mean that the engagement should not be accepted, in particular whether there are any threats to objectivity. Potential threats could arise for example, if members of the audit firm hold shares in the client or there are family relationships. If threats are discovered, it may not mean that the client must be turned down, as safeguards could potentially reduce the threats to an acceptable level. IFAC’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants states: ‘Before accepting a new client relationship, a professional accountant in public practice shall determine whether acceptance would create any threats to compliance with the fundamental principles. Potential threats to integrity or professional behaviour may be created from, for example, questionable issues associated with the client (its owners, management or activities).’ This means that when approached to take on a new client, the firm should investigate the potential client, its owners and business activities in order to evaluate whether there are any questions over the integrity of the potential client which create unacceptable risk. These investigative actions are usually performed as ‘know your client/customer’ or ‘customer due diligence’ procedures, which are also carried out in order to comply with anti-money laundering regulations. Once a client has been accepted, the firm should consider the suitability of the specific engagement it has been asked to perform. In particular there may be ethical threats which mean that the engagement should not be accepted, in particular whether there are any threats to
- 2. objectivity. Potential threats could arise for example, if members of the audit firm hold shares in the client or there are family relationships. If threats are discovered, it may not mean that the client must be turned down, as safeguards could potentially reduce the threats to an acceptable level.IFAC’s Code makes it clear that acceptance decisions are not to be treated as a one-off matter. The Code states: ‘It is recommended that a professional accountant in public practice periodically review acceptance decisions for recurring client engagements.’ Changes in the circumstances of either the client, or the audit firm may mean that an engagement ceases to be ethically or professionally acceptable or creates a heightened level of risk exposure. Therefore, client continuance assessments are important and should be fully documented. ISA (NZ) 210 Agreeing the terms of the audit engagement establishes the preconditions for accepting an audit, which are: an acceptable financial reporting framework has been used in the preparation of the financial statementsthose charged with governance agree that they acknowledge and understand their responsibilities. If the preconditions for an audit are not present, the auditor must discuss the matter with those charged with governance. Unless required by law or regulation to do so, the auditor must not accept the engagement. ISA (NZ) 220 Quality control for an audit of financial statements deals with those aspects of engagement acceptance that are within the control of the auditor. The engagement partner must be satisfied that appropriate procedures regarding the acceptance and continuance of client relationships and audit engagements have been followed, and must determine that conclusions reached in this regard are appropriate. PES 3 Quality control for firms that perform audits and reviews of financial statements, and other assurance engagements requires the firm to obtain information considered necessary in the circumstances before accepting an engagement with a new client, and when deciding whether to continue an existing engagement.