The United States has spent over $1 trillion on the war on drugs since 1971, resulting in hundreds of thousands of lives lost. Enforcement of drug laws has led to over 1.5 million arrests annually for nonviolent drug offenses and mass incarceration that disproportionately impacts minority communities. Treatment is more effective than incarceration for drug offenders, though only a small portion of the war on drugs budget supports public health policies. The war on drugs has also failed to curb drug use and has contributed to tens of thousands of deaths in Mexico from drug cartel violence.