What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors in hypothes.pdf
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What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing? How do and relate to Type I and Type II errors? Solution A type I error can only occur when you reject Ho. A type II error can only occur when you fail to reject Ho. Alpha is the probability of committing a type I error when you reject Ho. Beta is the probability of committing a type II error when you fail to reject Ho..
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Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease i.pdf
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease in the news from a
reputable news source (Ex. Washington Post, New York Times, USA Today). Give some
information about the health topic Wikipedia is NOT a credible source Discuss how the article
addresses the disease Explain your thoughts about how the issue was addressed in the article
(YOU MUST INCLUDE LINK TO THE ARTICLE IN YOUR APPLICATION o
Solution
Answer:
The legal accountability of the cholera communicable disease is meticulous aspects of federal
and state governments in United Nations so that it is possible to rule of eradication of
communicable diseases finally attain diplomatic immunity from the victims’ claims (specifically
from Haiti victims suffering from Cholera). The issues are addressed as per moral accountability
demands so that U.N. health care officials has successfully implementing policies to eradicate
communicable -cholera inside the UN communities by providing health water supply &
sanitation infrastructure in Haiti & UN. This is the acid-base imbalance inside the patient\'s body
result in fluid abnormality i.e. dehydration. It is causing \"dehydration\". Hypokaelmia is mainly
leading to low heart rate with low systolic blood pressure as observed in the above case and
higher emesis is leading to ill-appearing, pale, diaphoretic nature during cholera exposure.
Therefore, state and federal governments successfully implement therapeutic strategies to treat
cholera patients in communities of USA
Washington Post:
The Post\'s View
The United Nations comes clean(ish) on cholera in Haiti.
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67 D. Thu 101.pdf
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67% D. Thu 10:12 PM
azybooks.zyante.com 0 UC Riverside Buckys C++ P Chegg Study Chegg.com Please Help, E...
Please Help, E... CS 010/10v 1... Strings: Mem.. Strings - YouT Branching- C 4.7 PROGRAM 4
(part 1): Text message decoder VERIFY EMAIL | × .6 LAB 4: Loops-Replacing cha characters
4.7 PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder (1) Use getline) to get a line of user input into
a string. Output the line. Ex: Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday You entered:
IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday (2) Extend to search the string (using find0) for common
abbreviations and print a list of each found abbreviation along with its decoded meaning. Ex
Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFFs birthday You entered: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF s
birthday BFF: best friend forever IDK: I don\'t know Support these abbreviations: BFF -best
friend forever IDK--Idon\'t know JK -- just kidding TMI- too much information ·TYL-talk to you
later Lab Submission 4.7.1: Sion 4.7.1: PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder C++
Spaces: 1 20
Solution
str=input(\'enter text :\')
print \'you entered \',str
if(str.find(\'BFF\')!=null):
print \'BFF:best friends forever \'
if(str.find(\'IDK\')!=null):
print \'IDK: I dont know \'
if(str.find(\'JK\')!=null):
print \'JK : just kidding \'
if(str.find(\'TMI\')!=null):
print \'TMI : too much information \'
if(str.find(\'TTYL\')!=null):
print \'TTYL : talk to you later\'.
I dont know what is wrong with this roulette program I cant seem.pdf
I don\'t know what is wrong with this roulette program I can\'t seem to get it to run.
Game Class:
public class Game {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Table table = new Table();
BinBuilder bb = new BinBuilder();
Outcome black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 35);
Bet bet = new Bet(10, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
Bin bin = bb.wheel.get(8);
System.out.println(bin.toString());
System.out.println(table.bets.toString());
System.out.println(black.toString());
ListIterator i = table.bets.listIterator();
Iterator b = bin.outcomes.iterator();
while(i.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(i.next().outcome.name.toString());
while(b.hasNext()){
System.out.println(b.next().name.toString());
if(i.next().outcome.equals(b.next())){
System.out.println(\"Win!\");
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Win :/\");
}
}
}
}
}
Player Class
public class Player {
public Table table;
public Outcome black;
public Bet bet;
public Player(Table table) {
table = new Table();
black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 1);
}
void placeBets() {
Bet bet = new Bet(100, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
}
void win(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You\'ve won: \" + bet.winAmount());
}
void lose(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You lost!\" + bet.loseAmount() + \":/\");
}
}
Outcome class
public class Outcome implements Comparable {
public String name;
public int odds;
public Outcome(String name, int odds){
this.name = name;
this.odds = odds;
}
public int winAmount(int amount){
return amount*this.odds;
}
public boolean equals(Outcome other){
return (this.name.equals(other.name));
}
public String toString() {
Object[] values= { name, new Integer(odds) };
String msgTempl= \"{0} ({1}:1)\";
return MessageFormat.format( msgTempl, values );
}
@Override
public int compareTo(E arg0) {
if(this.equals(arg0)){
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
}
Table Class
public class Table {
public int limit = 1000;
public LinkedList bets;
public Table() {
bets = new LinkedList();
}
public boolean isValid(Bet bet) {
int sum = 0;
for(Bet bett: bets) {
sum += bett.amountBet;
}
return (sum>limit);
}
public void placeBet(Bet bet) {
bets.add(bet);
}
ListIterator iterator() {
return bets.listIterator();
}
}
Wheel Class
public class Wheel extends TreeSet {
Vector bins;
NonRandom rng;
Set all_outcomes;
Wheel(NonRandom rng){
this.rng = rng;
rng = new NonRandom();
all_outcomes = new TreeSet();
bins = new Vector(38);
for (int i=0; i<38; i++){
bins.add(i, new Bin());
}
}
Bin next(){
int rand = rng.next(38);
return bins.elementAt(rand);
}
Bin get(int bin){
return bins.elementAt(bin);
}
public Outcome getOutcome( String name ){
TreeSet result= new TreeSet();
for( Iterator i = all_outcomes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
Outcome oc= i.next();
if( oc.name.contains(name) ) {result.add( oc );}
}
return result.first();
}
public void addOutcome(int bin, Outcome outcome) {
all_outcomes.add(outcome);
this.bins.elementAt(bin).add(outcome);
}
}
Bet Class
public class Bet {
public int amountBet;
public Outcome outcome;
public Bet(int amount, Outcome outcome) {
this.outcome = o.
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water mol.pdf
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water molecules also attract other
sorts of molecules, particularly ions?
Solution
When salts are dissolved in water theions are separated
The water is highly polar The water molecule closest tothe dissolved ions are strongly attached
to it.& forming primary or inner hydration shell
Positively charged ions such as Na+ attract the negatively charged i.e. oxygen ends of water
molecules
polarity of water= water is covalent molecule where the electrons are shared between atoms
adhesion ofwater molecule = the attraction of water molecule for other molecules called as
adhesion.
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in .pdf
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in one of the functions of
business? Choose one example and evaluate its business value.
Refer to the Real World Case on Dow Corning and DirectTV in the chapter. Are mobile
applications limited to be scaled-down versions of their enterprise counterparts, or will
companies start to develop enterprise applications thinking about mobile deployments? Discuss.
What are some of the reasons that make it so challenging to mobilize an existing enterprise
application? How did the companies featured in the case tackle that challenge?
Solution
Now a days internet technology is playing a major role in the business in improving the process
of the function because it improved the sales process extremely The Internet sales is not only for
the business with having a store front presence to increase their sales, the internet has allowed for
a whole new market. Internet based retail companies are growing much faster in selling the
products some of them are Flipkart,amazon,ebay,shopclues,etc.,
In todays generation the mobile phone has became a part of our dialy life. Many mobile users
they need quick, task-oriented applications. All this is achievable, and what we are seeing that
integrators providing middleware platform to connecting mobile devices to corporate systems, so
hence there\'s no reason that to believe that Enterprise resource planning developers won\'t need
a big piece of that action.
Mobilizing the existing enterprise application has many challenges that companies are facing
today.
-> The enterprise must have to pay an attention on the 3rd party mobile applications because of
two reasons. The first reason, in order to determine which of the 3rd party desktop, including
browser-based, applications they have previously adopted will need to be mobilized.
-> Second reason is to consider that such applications as many alternatives to internally
developed applications whose mobilization is proving unfeasible..
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodesHow many paths a.pdf
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
Solution
Path - A walk(open) in which no vertex comes more than 1.
Also in a tree threre is no parallel path and self loop.So there is unique path between each pair of
vertices .So total number of path is form by selecting any two vertex from given number of
nodes or vertex.
Total number of path =nC2=n(n-1)/2..
Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise .pdf
Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise an experiment with controls
to either prove or disprove.
Solution
Answer :
The immune system is one of an organism\'s most complex systems and shows many signs of
coevolution with parasites. It is well tuned to its task, as otherwise long-lived multicellular
organisms would probably not be able to survive and outpace their short-lived and numerous
parasites.
For example we consider the RHV in human beings which causes the common cold which is
earlier identified with the morphological and siymptoms caused in th human beings. The causal
organism has co evolved depending upon the antibiotics used to control the organism but it has
co evolved. To check the co evolution the follwing experiment can be conducted with
Polymerase chain reaction.
Intially the RHV samples i.e common cold samples were collected and the virus was isolated the
RNA from the organism from which the cDNA is synthesised and checked for the amplication
with primers designed for the vrulence genes of the organism. The control sample was prepared
from the sequnced strain of RHV then the test samples were subjected for PCR amplification.
The positive control sample gives a specific band whichis compared with the test samples. If the
same band gets amplifies then the strain is not changed or evolved but if there is any change in
the amplification then the strain have changed indicating the virulence has changed which may
result in loss of function or gain of function..
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that.pdf
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that the letters SIN
appear together and in that order?
Solution
The word given is \"Singapore\".
This word consists of 9 letters without repitition.
Of this Sin should be together. Hence let us take sin together as one letter and other 6 letters as
one letter each.
Now we have 7 letters without repitition.
Hence no of ways to arrange these 7 letters = 7!
= 5040 ways..
Recommended
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease i.pdf
Identify a article about a communicable or noncommunicable disease in the news from a
reputable news source (Ex. Washington Post, New York Times, USA Today). Give some
information about the health topic Wikipedia is NOT a credible source Discuss how the article
addresses the disease Explain your thoughts about how the issue was addressed in the article
(YOU MUST INCLUDE LINK TO THE ARTICLE IN YOUR APPLICATION o
Solution
Answer:
The legal accountability of the cholera communicable disease is meticulous aspects of federal
and state governments in United Nations so that it is possible to rule of eradication of
communicable diseases finally attain diplomatic immunity from the victims’ claims (specifically
from Haiti victims suffering from Cholera). The issues are addressed as per moral accountability
demands so that U.N. health care officials has successfully implementing policies to eradicate
communicable -cholera inside the UN communities by providing health water supply &
sanitation infrastructure in Haiti & UN. This is the acid-base imbalance inside the patient\'s body
result in fluid abnormality i.e. dehydration. It is causing \"dehydration\". Hypokaelmia is mainly
leading to low heart rate with low systolic blood pressure as observed in the above case and
higher emesis is leading to ill-appearing, pale, diaphoretic nature during cholera exposure.
Therefore, state and federal governments successfully implement therapeutic strategies to treat
cholera patients in communities of USA
Washington Post:
The Post\'s View
The United Nations comes clean(ish) on cholera in Haiti.
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67 D. Thu 101.pdf
i safari File Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help 67% D. Thu 10:12 PM
azybooks.zyante.com 0 UC Riverside Buckys C++ P Chegg Study Chegg.com Please Help, E...
Please Help, E... CS 010/10v 1... Strings: Mem.. Strings - YouT Branching- C 4.7 PROGRAM 4
(part 1): Text message decoder VERIFY EMAIL | × .6 LAB 4: Loops-Replacing cha characters
4.7 PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder (1) Use getline) to get a line of user input into
a string. Output the line. Ex: Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday You entered:
IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF\'s birthday (2) Extend to search the string (using find0) for common
abbreviations and print a list of each found abbreviation along with its decoded meaning. Ex
Enter text: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFFs birthday You entered: IDK if I\'1l go. It\'s my BFF s
birthday BFF: best friend forever IDK: I don\'t know Support these abbreviations: BFF -best
friend forever IDK--Idon\'t know JK -- just kidding TMI- too much information ·TYL-talk to you
later Lab Submission 4.7.1: Sion 4.7.1: PROGRAM 4 (part 1): Text message decoder C++
Spaces: 1 20
Solution
str=input(\'enter text :\')
print \'you entered \',str
if(str.find(\'BFF\')!=null):
print \'BFF:best friends forever \'
if(str.find(\'IDK\')!=null):
print \'IDK: I dont know \'
if(str.find(\'JK\')!=null):
print \'JK : just kidding \'
if(str.find(\'TMI\')!=null):
print \'TMI : too much information \'
if(str.find(\'TTYL\')!=null):
print \'TTYL : talk to you later\'.
I dont know what is wrong with this roulette program I cant seem.pdf
I don\'t know what is wrong with this roulette program I can\'t seem to get it to run.
Game Class:
public class Game {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Table table = new Table();
BinBuilder bb = new BinBuilder();
Outcome black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 35);
Bet bet = new Bet(10, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
Bin bin = bb.wheel.get(8);
System.out.println(bin.toString());
System.out.println(table.bets.toString());
System.out.println(black.toString());
ListIterator i = table.bets.listIterator();
Iterator b = bin.outcomes.iterator();
while(i.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(i.next().outcome.name.toString());
while(b.hasNext()){
System.out.println(b.next().name.toString());
if(i.next().outcome.equals(b.next())){
System.out.println(\"Win!\");
}
else{
System.out.println(\"Win :/\");
}
}
}
}
}
Player Class
public class Player {
public Table table;
public Outcome black;
public Bet bet;
public Player(Table table) {
table = new Table();
black = new Outcome(\"Black\", 1);
}
void placeBets() {
Bet bet = new Bet(100, black);
table.placeBet(bet);
}
void win(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You\'ve won: \" + bet.winAmount());
}
void lose(Bet bet) {
System.out.println(\"You lost!\" + bet.loseAmount() + \":/\");
}
}
Outcome class
public class Outcome implements Comparable {
public String name;
public int odds;
public Outcome(String name, int odds){
this.name = name;
this.odds = odds;
}
public int winAmount(int amount){
return amount*this.odds;
}
public boolean equals(Outcome other){
return (this.name.equals(other.name));
}
public String toString() {
Object[] values= { name, new Integer(odds) };
String msgTempl= \"{0} ({1}:1)\";
return MessageFormat.format( msgTempl, values );
}
@Override
public int compareTo(E arg0) {
if(this.equals(arg0)){
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
}
Table Class
public class Table {
public int limit = 1000;
public LinkedList bets;
public Table() {
bets = new LinkedList();
}
public boolean isValid(Bet bet) {
int sum = 0;
for(Bet bett: bets) {
sum += bett.amountBet;
}
return (sum>limit);
}
public void placeBet(Bet bet) {
bets.add(bet);
}
ListIterator iterator() {
return bets.listIterator();
}
}
Wheel Class
public class Wheel extends TreeSet {
Vector bins;
NonRandom rng;
Set all_outcomes;
Wheel(NonRandom rng){
this.rng = rng;
rng = new NonRandom();
all_outcomes = new TreeSet();
bins = new Vector(38);
for (int i=0; i<38; i++){
bins.add(i, new Bin());
}
}
Bin next(){
int rand = rng.next(38);
return bins.elementAt(rand);
}
Bin get(int bin){
return bins.elementAt(bin);
}
public Outcome getOutcome( String name ){
TreeSet result= new TreeSet();
for( Iterator i = all_outcomes.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) {
Outcome oc= i.next();
if( oc.name.contains(name) ) {result.add( oc );}
}
return result.first();
}
public void addOutcome(int bin, Outcome outcome) {
all_outcomes.add(outcome);
this.bins.elementAt(bin).add(outcome);
}
}
Bet Class
public class Bet {
public int amountBet;
public Outcome outcome;
public Bet(int amount, Outcome outcome) {
this.outcome = o.
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water mol.pdf
I know that water molecules attract each other, but why do water molecules also attract other
sorts of molecules, particularly ions?
Solution
When salts are dissolved in water theions are separated
The water is highly polar The water molecule closest tothe dissolved ions are strongly attached
to it.& forming primary or inner hydration shell
Positively charged ions such as Na+ attract the negatively charged i.e. oxygen ends of water
molecules
polarity of water= water is covalent molecule where the electrons are shared between atoms
adhesion ofwater molecule = the attraction of water molecule for other molecules called as
adhesion.
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in .pdf
How can Internet technologies be involved in improving a process in one of the functions of
business? Choose one example and evaluate its business value.
Refer to the Real World Case on Dow Corning and DirectTV in the chapter. Are mobile
applications limited to be scaled-down versions of their enterprise counterparts, or will
companies start to develop enterprise applications thinking about mobile deployments? Discuss.
What are some of the reasons that make it so challenging to mobilize an existing enterprise
application? How did the companies featured in the case tackle that challenge?
Solution
Now a days internet technology is playing a major role in the business in improving the process
of the function because it improved the sales process extremely The Internet sales is not only for
the business with having a store front presence to increase their sales, the internet has allowed for
a whole new market. Internet based retail companies are growing much faster in selling the
products some of them are Flipkart,amazon,ebay,shopclues,etc.,
In todays generation the mobile phone has became a part of our dialy life. Many mobile users
they need quick, task-oriented applications. All this is achievable, and what we are seeing that
integrators providing middleware platform to connecting mobile devices to corporate systems, so
hence there\'s no reason that to believe that Enterprise resource planning developers won\'t need
a big piece of that action.
Mobilizing the existing enterprise application has many challenges that companies are facing
today.
-> The enterprise must have to pay an attention on the 3rd party mobile applications because of
two reasons. The first reason, in order to determine which of the 3rd party desktop, including
browser-based, applications they have previously adopted will need to be mobilized.
-> Second reason is to consider that such applications as many alternatives to internally
developed applications whose mobilization is proving unfeasible..
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodesHow many paths a.pdf
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
How many paths are there in a tree with n nodes?
Solution
Path - A walk(open) in which no vertex comes more than 1.
Also in a tree threre is no parallel path and self loop.So there is unique path between each pair of
vertices .So total number of path is form by selecting any two vertex from given number of
nodes or vertex.
Total number of path =nC2=n(n-1)/2..
Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise .pdf
Hypothesize a way for a virus to evade a host defense & then devise an experiment with controls
to either prove or disprove.
Solution
Answer :
The immune system is one of an organism\'s most complex systems and shows many signs of
coevolution with parasites. It is well tuned to its task, as otherwise long-lived multicellular
organisms would probably not be able to survive and outpace their short-lived and numerous
parasites.
For example we consider the RHV in human beings which causes the common cold which is
earlier identified with the morphological and siymptoms caused in th human beings. The causal
organism has co evolved depending upon the antibiotics used to control the organism but it has
co evolved. To check the co evolution the follwing experiment can be conducted with
Polymerase chain reaction.
Intially the RHV samples i.e common cold samples were collected and the virus was isolated the
RNA from the organism from which the cDNA is synthesised and checked for the amplication
with primers designed for the vrulence genes of the organism. The control sample was prepared
from the sequnced strain of RHV then the test samples were subjected for PCR amplification.
The positive control sample gives a specific band whichis compared with the test samples. If the
same band gets amplifies then the strain is not changed or evolved but if there is any change in
the amplification then the strain have changed indicating the virulence has changed which may
result in loss of function or gain of function..
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that.pdf
How many ways can letters of the word SINGAPORE be arranged such that the letters SIN
appear together and in that order?
Solution
The word given is \"Singapore\".
This word consists of 9 letters without repitition.
Of this Sin should be together. Hence let us take sin together as one letter and other 6 letters as
one letter each.
Now we have 7 letters without repitition.
Hence no of ways to arrange these 7 letters = 7!
= 5040 ways..
Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This m.pdf
Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This means there is 1 homolog
present for each homologous pair. \"Keep in mind that, for better or for worse, we tend to focus
largely on diploid organisms, like ourselves and fruit flies, in many biology courses. Not all
organisms are diploid. The strawberries you buy at a grocery store are, for example, actually
octaploids (8n). SIMULATING CELL DIVISION MEIOSIS WITHOUTRECOMBINATION
Using the same 4 chromosomes you put together for the mitosis simulation, start with 4
unreplicated 4 chromosomes at G1 of interphase and simulate the events of meiosis. Beginning
with the meiocyte, write out the chromosome numbers, just as you did for mitosis. G2: As you
move the chromosomes through each phase of cell division in meiosis, describe to your lab
partner all of the events that occur. Write out the chromosome numbers for each phase below.
Solution
G1: 4 unreplicated chromosomes (i.e, singlet chromosomes)
S: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
G2: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Prophase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Metaphase I :4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Anaphase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes) they are being separated at
this stage. 2 replicated chromosomes move towards one end and other 2 replicated towards
opposite end.
Telophase I : 2 replicated chromosomes in each dividing cell.
Interkinesis: 2 daughter cells are formed each consisting 2 replicated chromosomes.
Prophase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each of the two daughter cells.
Metaphase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each daughter cell arranged on metaphasic plate.
Anaphase II : 2 singlet chromosomes would move toward one end of each daughter cell, other 2
singlet chromosomes towards the opposite end.
Telophase II : 2 singlet chromosomes in each of the 4 dividing cells.
cytokinesis: each of the 4 daughter cells would contain 2 singlet chromosomes..
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main.pdf
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main difference between both.
Solution
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is used to send/receive file from the remote computer. It
is defined in RFC959. FTP establishes two connections between client system and server system,
one for control information and the other for data to be transfered. Control information carry
commands/response. Authentication need to be done initially by way of validating username and
password. Once it is done files can be transferred between two systems. FTP handles both binary
and text format files.
When a FTP client requests to connect to the FTP server, a TCP connection is being established
to the FTP server\'s port 21 reserved for FTP. After authentication is done, another TCP
connection is being established for the actual data transfer on port number 20.
TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol. It is defined in RFC783. It is simpler than FTP,
does file transfer between client and server process but does not provide user authentication and
other useful features supported by FTP. TFTP uses UDP while FTP uses TCP.
As TFTP is unreliable protocol due to UDP, it uses application layer recovery supported by
UDP. This is done by embedding a small header between the UDP header and the data. This
header incorporates codes for example read,write and acknowledgement along with numbering
scheme which numbers 512 bytes of data. These block numbers provided are used to
acknowledge the receipt and re-send the data in case of checksum failures. TFTP sends one
block and waits on acknowledgement before sending another block.
Key Differences Between FTP and TFTP:-.
Given Starter Fileimport java.util.Arrays; Encapsulates.pdf
Given Starter File:
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
@Override
public String toString()
{
return Arrays.toString(data);
}
}
Tester File:
NumberArrayTester.java
Solve Using JAVA for an intro to java class
Solution
NumberArray.java
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
public NumberArray(int a[]){
data = a;
}
public void swap(int a, int b){
if(a >= 0 && b >= 0 && a<8 && b < 8){
int temp = data[a];
data[a] = data[b];
data[b] = temp;
}
}
public int getLast(){
return data[data.length-1];
}
public int product(){
int product = 0;
if(data.length > 0){
product =1;
}
for(int i=0; i.
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. M.pdf
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. Multiply the input x by 17 and
then subtract 6 to obtain the output y. Objective: (8.1) Express Verbal Representation of
Function Symbolically
Solution
The output y = 17 x -6 .
It represents a line which has the x-intercept = 6/17 and y-intercept = -6 and
has a slope = 17..
Economic resources have a price above zero because...A. there are .pdf
Economic resources have a price above zero because...
A. there are no other uses for them.
B. they cannot be easily moved from place to place.
C. they are unlimited in supply.
D. they are relatively scarce.
E. otherwise they would not be able to satisfy human wants.
Solution
Economic resources have a price above zero because they are relatively scarce.
DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANSWERED UNTIL NOV 13thWords AssignmentRober.pdf
DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANSWERED UNTIL NOV 13th
Words Assignment
Robert Glen Martin
School for the Talented and Gifted, Dallas, TX
Based on the Lab16c assignment from Stacey Armstrong
© A+ Computer Science - www.apluscompsci.com
Introduction
The purpose of this assignment is to give students practice with Strings, arrays, and ArrayLists. It
also provides the opportunity to work with several interacting classes.
Overview
This project utilizes three new classes:
- Word- an immutable class representing a word
- Words - a class representing a list of Word objects
- WordTester- a class used to test the Word and Words classes.
Starter Code
The folder Words Student contains a JCreator project with starter code for the three classes.
WordTester (the application) is complete and only requires uncommenting to test the Word and
Words classes as they are completed. The needed imports, class headings, method headings, and
block comments are provided for the remaining classes. Javadocs are also provided for the Word
and Words classes.
Word – This part of the lab has been done for you.Look at the main WordTester to see how it
uses a Word object. Run the main to see the results of the tester code.
The Word class represents a single word. It is immutable. You have been provided a skeleton for
this class. Complete the Word class using the block comments, Javadocs, and the following
instructions.
1. Add a String instance variable named word which will contain the word.
2. Complete the one parameter constructor to initialize the word instance variable.
3. Complete the getLength method to return the number of characters in the word.
4. Complete the getNumVowels method to return the number of vowels in the word. It should
use the VOWELS class constant and String’s length, substring, and indexOf methods. Do not use
more than one loop. Do not use any String methods that are not in the AP Subset.
5. Complete the getReverse method to return a Word with the letters of this reversed.
6. Complete the toString method to return the String word.
7. Uncomment the Word test code in WordTester and make sure that Word works correctly.
Words
The Words class represents a list of words. You have been provided a skeleton for this class.
Complete the Words class using the block comments, Javadocs, and the following instructions.
Step has been done for you.
1. Add a List instance variable named words which will contain the list of words. Be sure to
specify the type of objects that will be stored in the List. Be sure that the instance variable is
private.
2. Complete the one parameter constructor to initialize the words instance variable. You will
need to create the ArrayList and add each word to it. Be sure to create a new Word object with
each String in the parameter array wordList and then add it to the ArrayList words. This would
be a great place to use a for-each loop. Your code should not generate any warnings.
3. Complete the countWordsWithNumChars method to return the number of wo.
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled th.pdf
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled the social, political, or
economic problems they felt most threatened America’s democracy and social order. What was
their main object of reform? What actions did they take to implement that reform? How
successful were they in their work? (Be sure to place each Progressive reformer’s work in the
context of the industrial or urban problem with which he or she was most concerned, i.e.
discuss/describe in some detail the social ill the reformer hoped to change and then also discuss,
at length, the nature of that Progressive’s plan for reform).
Solution
Between 1890 and 1910 more than 12 million European people immigrated to the United states.
They came from Ireland,Russia,Italy and other European countries and provided cheap Factory
labour,
a demand that was created with the country\'s expansion into the west following the Civil War.
Many immigrants lived in Crowded and disease ridden tenments, Worked long Hours and lived
in Poverty.
Children often worked to help support the family.
Jacob riis wrote How the other Half lives about the lives of immigrants on NewYork City\'s
Lower East side to bring
greater awareness of the immigrant\'s living conditions.
The most famous settlement house in the United States in Chicago\'s Hull house founded by John
Addams and
Ellen gates starr in 1889 after Addams visited tonybee hall with in previous two years. Hull
house though was not
religious based organization. It focussed on providing Education and recretational fecilities for
European immigrant
woman and children.
Lenox Hill neighbourhood house founded in 1894 Friendly inn settlement house founded in 1874
Henry Street
settlement founded in 1893 Hirram house founded in 1896 and University settlement house
founded in 1886 and the
oldest in United States, were like Hull House important sites for social reform.
United neighbourhood houses of NewYork is the federation of 35 settlement houses in NewYork
city.
These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve
isolated rural
communities in Appalachia.
By 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 States. By the 1920\'s there were almost 500 settlement
houses in the
country. The Settlement house concept was continued by Dorodhy Day\'s Catholic worker
Hospitality houses in
1930\'s. American settlement houses functioned on philosophy of scientific philanthropy a belief
that instead of
giving direct relief, charities should give resources to the poor so they could break out of the
circle of poverty.
American Charity workers feared that the deeply entrenched social class system in Europe would
develop in United states..
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions..pdf
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions.
Solution
Nervous system consists of two parts a. Central nervous system ( CNS) and b Peripheral nervous
system.
Central nervous system consists of Brain and spinal cord. while peripheral nervous system
consisted of long nerve fiber which connect various organ to brain via spinal cord.
CNS has Grey matter consists nerve bodies while white matter consists of axon
Major part of brain
1. Medulla oblangata : It control center for involuntary function such as breathing
2.Pond relay information between from brain to cerebellum
3. Mid brain responsible for eye movement
4. Above mid brain is dicephalon which composed of two part Thalamus and hypothalamus
which maintain homeostasis
Function Brain sends message through spinal cord to nerve to the body to control movement of
muscle and functions of internal organ.
DEFINE gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).Sol.pdf
DEFINE: gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).
Solution
Answer :
Enhancers : An enhancer is a segment of DNA that lies either upstream, within, or downstream
of a structural gene that serves to increase transcription initiation from that gene. enhancers are
found thousands of basepairs away from the genes. They interacts with the activators and
coactivators which in turn recruits RNA polymerase to the site of transcription.
Promoters are the specific sites on the DNA in which RNA polymerase enzyme binds and
intiates the trancription/RNA synthesis process..
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Lay.pdf
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Layer Switching (MLS).In
what ways does MLS differ from MPLS?
Solution
Multi-Layer Switching has turn into a extremely desired method of accelerating routing
performance through the utilize of dedicated ASIC. Traditional routing is completed through a
central CPU and software. MLS offloads a significant part of routing to hardware, and thus has
also been termed switching. MLS and Layer 3 switching are equivalent terms. Multi Protocol
Label Switching is a standards-supported technology for increasing up network traffic flow and
making it simpler to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of
packets, recognized by a label put in every packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to
look up the address to the next node to promoted the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol
because it efforts with the Internet Protocol , and asynchronous transport mode and frame relay
network protocols. MPLS permits most packets to be forwarded at the layer 2 level rather than at
the layer 3 level. It is used to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a
network for quality of service.
C# ProgramingHow a derived class that inherits attributes and beha.pdf
C# Programing
How a derived class that inherits attributes and behaviors from a base class? Problems with
Protected access modifier.
Solution
A derived class can override a base class member only if base class member is declared as virtual
or abstract. The derived member must use override keyword to explicitly indicate that the
method is intended to participate in virtual invocation.
Protected variables should be avoided because of the following reasons:
1)They tend to lead to some issues. Protected variables generally have some intrinsic invariance
associated with them or else they would be public Inheritors then need to maintain those
properties, which people can violate.
2)If the base class makes too many assumptions about the protected member, or the inheritor is
too flexible with the behavior of the class, it can lead to the base class behavior being modified
by that extension which leads to inheritance for extension rather than composition. Infact tends
to lead to tighter coupling, more violations..
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write.pdf
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write a single expression that will
add 7 times the sum of x and 4 to y. Add 1 to x afterwards. (x changes - use one expression ).
Solution
Answer: Single expression is as folllows
y = 7 * (x + 4); //adding x value with 4 and after that multiplying with 7
x = x + 1; //Adding 1 to x value and reassigning the value to x..
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate example.pdf
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events
within the last decade.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards
our own freedoms?
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give
some examples to support your stance.
Solution
According to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, cyberterrorism is any \"premeditated,
politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data
which results in violence against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine
agents.\"Unlike a nuisance virus or computer attack that results in a denial of service, a
cyberterrorist attack is designed to cause physical violence or extreme financial harm. According
to the U.S. Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection, possible cyberterrorist targets
include the banking industry, military installations, power plants, air traffic control centers, and
water systems.
Cyberterrorism is sometimes referred to as electronic terrorism or information war.
Hacktivism is “the use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends, chiefly
free speech, human rights, and information ethics”. As with any technology, “hacking” and
therefore hacktivism can be a force for good or evil.
Hacking versus Cyberterrorism
‘Hacking’ is the term used to describe unauthorised access to or use of a
computer system. The term ‘hacktivism’ is composed of the words ‘hacking’ and
‘activism’ and is the handle used to describe politically motivated hacking. ‘Cracking’
refers to hacking with a criminal intent; the term is composed of the words ‘criminal’
and ‘hacking.’ In a majority of both media reports and academic analyses of
cyberterrorism, one or other of these terms – hacking, hacktivism, cracking - or the
activities associated with them are equated with or identified as variants of
cyberterrorism.
Hackers have many different motives. Many hackers work on gaining entry to
systems for the challenge it poses. Others are seeking to educate themselves about
systems. Some state that they search for security holes to notify system administrators
while others perform intrusions to gain recognition from their peers. Hacktivists are
politically motivated; they use their knowledge of computer systems to engage in
disruptive activities on the Internet in the hopes of drawing attention to some political
cause. These disruptions take many different forms, from ‘denial of service’ (DoS)
attacks that tie up Web sites and other servers, to posting ‘electronic graffiti’ on the
home pages of government and corporate Web sites, to the theft and publication of
private information on the Internet. Crackers hack with the intent of stealing, altering
data, or engaging in other malicious damage.41 A sig.
Be able to define and give an example of convergent evolutionSol.pdf
Be able to define and give an example of convergent evolution
Solution
Answer:
Convergent evolution is defined as the process whereby organisms not closely related
independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments.
Example: flight has evolved in both bats and insects, and they both have wings, which are
adaptations to flight.
Although not an assignment, for consideration In human experience, .pdf
Although not an assignment, for consideration: In human experience, there is perception of pain,
and perception of sound. Which is exponential? Which is logarithmic? Name something else that
is best described as exponential or logarithmic (as opposed to polynomial or trigonometric).
Solution
Perception of sound is probably logarithmic. In western classical music the semitone scale has
logarithmic frequency.
In a research it is shown that the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices activity and
stimulus intensity resembles as an exponenetial function. The function matches closely with the
pain rating of the paitent. Therefore it seems perception of pain is exponential in nature.
Population growth, Compound Interest are exponential, where as the Logistic model is
logarithmic...
Write a program (any language) to randomly generate the following se.pdf
Write a program (any language) to randomly generate the following sets of data: 1) 10 numbers
2) 1,000 numbers 3) 100,000 numbers 4) 1,000,000 numbers 5) 10,000,000 numbers Your
program must sort the above sets of numbers using the following algorithms: a) Insertion Sort b)
Merge Sort c) Quick Sort d) Heap Sort Print out the time each algorithm takes to sort the above
numbers
Solution
import java.io.*;
publicclass randomNo{
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) throws NumberFormatException, IOException {
int n1,n2,ch;
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int count = 0;
do
{
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\"Menu:\");
System.out.println(\"1.Insertion Sort\");
System.out.println(\"2.Heap Sort.\");
System.out.println(\"3.Quick SOrt\");
System.out.println(\"4.Merge SOrt\");
System.out.println(\"5.Exit\");
System.out.println(\"Enter your choice: \");
ch=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr=newint[n2];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
insertionSort(arr,count);
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr1=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr1[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting\");
for(int i=0; i1; i--) {
HeapSort(arr1, i - 1);
}
System.out.println(\"\ Ascending Order\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr1[i]);
}
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr3=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr3[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
QuickSort(arr3, 0, count-1);
System.out.println(\"\ \ After Sorting\");
System.out.println(\"\ Ascending Order\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr3[i]);
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr2=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr2[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr2[i]);
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println(\"Invalid\");
default:
break;
}
}while(ch!=5);
}
//Insertion Sort
publicstaticvoid insertionSort(int arr[],int n){
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting :\");
for(int i=0; i 0) && .
15. The myxoviruses such as influenza viruses are so named because t.pdf
15. The myxoviruses such as influenza viruses are so named because they have __________ that
bind mucins present on the respiratory epithelium.
A. an envelope
B. glycolipids
C. glycoproteins
D. an ssRNA genome
E. the capacity to aerosolize
Solution
C. glycoproteins
The influenza virus binds to the cell surface by fixing the outer top of the
haemagglutininglycoproteins to the sialic acid of a cells glycoproteins and glycolipids.
which of the following statements is an example of a phenocopyA. .pdf
which of the following statements is an example of a phenocopy?
A. Phenylketonuria results from a recessive mutation that causes light skin as well as metal
retardation.
B. Human height is influenced by genes at many different loci.
C. Dwarf plants and motted leaves in tomatoes are caused by seperate genes that are linked.
D. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are prodcued by a recessive mutation. This trait is also
produced by high temperature during development
E. Intelligence in humans is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Solution
Answer is (D).
D. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are prodcued by a recessive mutation. This trait is also
produced by high temperature during development.
What is the result of exposure to cholera toxin in humans Be brief .pdf
What is the result of exposure to cholera toxin in humans? Be brief How does cholera toxin
work? What does it do to susceptible cells? Be more detailed
Solution
Answer :
Question number 1 :Cholera toxin acts on a G protein that is part of a signaling pathway (see Fig.
12–39), leading
to several physiological responses including a massive loss of body fluids and, sometimes,
death.The ultimate problem with cholera that can lead to death is severe dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance.
Question number 2 : Cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae catalyzes the ribosylation by
tranfering ADP-ribose from NAD+ to the alpha subunit of Gs (Stimulatory G protein) and
prevents its GTPase activity making it permanently activated. This results in continuous
activation of the adenylyl cyclase of intestinal epithelial cells and high cAMP levels, resulting in
constant secretion of Cl-, HCO3- , and water into the intestinal lumen. The resulting dehydration
and electrolyte loss are the major pathologies in cholera..
what is a natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow would two.pdf
what is a natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow? would two small, geographically
isolated populations in very different environments be likely to evolve in a similar way? explain.
Solution
natural selection is a process, by which organisam get better adaptation to enviroment for
survival and produce more offespring . another defination is process by which the forms of
organism in a population that are the best adapted to environment increase in frequency
relatively to less adapted forms over a number of generations.
this theory was given by Charles Darwin,natural selection is a comosite of all the force that cause
differential survival & diffrential reproduction among the genetic variant.natural selection is
nonrandom process by which biological traits become more or less common in population, there
genetic drift-the random change in allele frequencies caused by sampling error across
generations in final population is called genetic drift, drift can be major driving force for
changing alleles frequencies in small population , however the key element of genetic drift is that
which individuals survive and reproduce is random( unrelated to their phenotype and genotype).
drift cause fixation of alleles in population.
genetic drift is a random, directionaless process, it act to eliminate genetic variation over a
time.drift lead in increase homozygosity for diploid organism and cause increase in inbreeding
coefficient, and resulting in facilitate speciation(creating new species)
Gene flow-gene flow is transfer of allele and genes from one population to another.through
reproduction in same species.gene flow is also non as gene migration,
geographically isolated populations in very different environments be likely to evolve in a
similar way- speciation is a lineage splitting evolutionary process that produce two or more
species,
means creation of new and distinct biological species by branching off form ancestral population.
occure when gene flow is reduce sufficiently between sister population, and this play critical role
in speciation.
mode of speciation are often classified as allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation
allopatric speciation-geographical isolation between population, and increase genetic divergen by
either genetic drift or selection, selection for increase reproduction isolation, and speciation
completed.
sympatric speciation-does not require geographical isoloation, this reproductive isolation depend
on number of factor- like, competition for resources,disruptive selection,sexual selection.
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Presentation required for the master in Education.
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Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This m.pdf
Haploid. After is complete, the resulting gametes are haploid. This means there is 1 homolog
present for each homologous pair. \"Keep in mind that, for better or for worse, we tend to focus
largely on diploid organisms, like ourselves and fruit flies, in many biology courses. Not all
organisms are diploid. The strawberries you buy at a grocery store are, for example, actually
octaploids (8n). SIMULATING CELL DIVISION MEIOSIS WITHOUTRECOMBINATION
Using the same 4 chromosomes you put together for the mitosis simulation, start with 4
unreplicated 4 chromosomes at G1 of interphase and simulate the events of meiosis. Beginning
with the meiocyte, write out the chromosome numbers, just as you did for mitosis. G2: As you
move the chromosomes through each phase of cell division in meiosis, describe to your lab
partner all of the events that occur. Write out the chromosome numbers for each phase below.
Solution
G1: 4 unreplicated chromosomes (i.e, singlet chromosomes)
S: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
G2: 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Prophase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Metaphase I :4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes)
Anaphase I : 4 replicated chromosomes (i.e, doublet chromosomes) they are being separated at
this stage. 2 replicated chromosomes move towards one end and other 2 replicated towards
opposite end.
Telophase I : 2 replicated chromosomes in each dividing cell.
Interkinesis: 2 daughter cells are formed each consisting 2 replicated chromosomes.
Prophase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each of the two daughter cells.
Metaphase II : 2 replicated chromosomes in each daughter cell arranged on metaphasic plate.
Anaphase II : 2 singlet chromosomes would move toward one end of each daughter cell, other 2
singlet chromosomes towards the opposite end.
Telophase II : 2 singlet chromosomes in each of the 4 dividing cells.
cytokinesis: each of the 4 daughter cells would contain 2 singlet chromosomes..
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main.pdf
FTP and TFTP are primarily file transfer protocols. What is the main difference between both.
Solution
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is used to send/receive file from the remote computer. It
is defined in RFC959. FTP establishes two connections between client system and server system,
one for control information and the other for data to be transfered. Control information carry
commands/response. Authentication need to be done initially by way of validating username and
password. Once it is done files can be transferred between two systems. FTP handles both binary
and text format files.
When a FTP client requests to connect to the FTP server, a TCP connection is being established
to the FTP server\'s port 21 reserved for FTP. After authentication is done, another TCP
connection is being established for the actual data transfer on port number 20.
TFTP stands for Trivial File Transfer Protocol. It is defined in RFC783. It is simpler than FTP,
does file transfer between client and server process but does not provide user authentication and
other useful features supported by FTP. TFTP uses UDP while FTP uses TCP.
As TFTP is unreliable protocol due to UDP, it uses application layer recovery supported by
UDP. This is done by embedding a small header between the UDP header and the data. This
header incorporates codes for example read,write and acknowledgement along with numbering
scheme which numbers 512 bytes of data. These block numbers provided are used to
acknowledge the receipt and re-send the data in case of checksum failures. TFTP sends one
block and waits on acknowledgement before sending another block.
Key Differences Between FTP and TFTP:-.
Given Starter Fileimport java.util.Arrays; Encapsulates.pdf
Given Starter File:
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
@Override
public String toString()
{
return Arrays.toString(data);
}
}
Tester File:
NumberArrayTester.java
Solve Using JAVA for an intro to java class
Solution
NumberArray.java
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* Encapsulates an integr array and provides methods
* to manipulate it
*/
public class NumberArray
{
private int[] data;
public NumberArray(int a[]){
data = a;
}
public void swap(int a, int b){
if(a >= 0 && b >= 0 && a<8 && b < 8){
int temp = data[a];
data[a] = data[b];
data[b] = temp;
}
}
public int getLast(){
return data[data.length-1];
}
public int product(){
int product = 0;
if(data.length > 0){
product =1;
}
for(int i=0; i.
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. M.pdf
Express the verbal representation for the function f symbolically. Multiply the input x by 17 and
then subtract 6 to obtain the output y. Objective: (8.1) Express Verbal Representation of
Function Symbolically
Solution
The output y = 17 x -6 .
It represents a line which has the x-intercept = 6/17 and y-intercept = -6 and
has a slope = 17..
Economic resources have a price above zero because...A. there are .pdf
Economic resources have a price above zero because...
A. there are no other uses for them.
B. they cannot be easily moved from place to place.
C. they are unlimited in supply.
D. they are relatively scarce.
E. otherwise they would not be able to satisfy human wants.
Solution
Economic resources have a price above zero because they are relatively scarce.
DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANSWERED UNTIL NOV 13thWords AssignmentRober.pdf
DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANSWERED UNTIL NOV 13th
Words Assignment
Robert Glen Martin
School for the Talented and Gifted, Dallas, TX
Based on the Lab16c assignment from Stacey Armstrong
© A+ Computer Science - www.apluscompsci.com
Introduction
The purpose of this assignment is to give students practice with Strings, arrays, and ArrayLists. It
also provides the opportunity to work with several interacting classes.
Overview
This project utilizes three new classes:
- Word- an immutable class representing a word
- Words - a class representing a list of Word objects
- WordTester- a class used to test the Word and Words classes.
Starter Code
The folder Words Student contains a JCreator project with starter code for the three classes.
WordTester (the application) is complete and only requires uncommenting to test the Word and
Words classes as they are completed. The needed imports, class headings, method headings, and
block comments are provided for the remaining classes. Javadocs are also provided for the Word
and Words classes.
Word – This part of the lab has been done for you.Look at the main WordTester to see how it
uses a Word object. Run the main to see the results of the tester code.
The Word class represents a single word. It is immutable. You have been provided a skeleton for
this class. Complete the Word class using the block comments, Javadocs, and the following
instructions.
1. Add a String instance variable named word which will contain the word.
2. Complete the one parameter constructor to initialize the word instance variable.
3. Complete the getLength method to return the number of characters in the word.
4. Complete the getNumVowels method to return the number of vowels in the word. It should
use the VOWELS class constant and String’s length, substring, and indexOf methods. Do not use
more than one loop. Do not use any String methods that are not in the AP Subset.
5. Complete the getReverse method to return a Word with the letters of this reversed.
6. Complete the toString method to return the String word.
7. Uncomment the Word test code in WordTester and make sure that Word works correctly.
Words
The Words class represents a list of words. You have been provided a skeleton for this class.
Complete the Words class using the block comments, Javadocs, and the following instructions.
Step has been done for you.
1. Add a List instance variable named words which will contain the list of words. Be sure to
specify the type of objects that will be stored in the List. Be sure that the instance variable is
private.
2. Complete the one parameter constructor to initialize the words instance variable. You will
need to create the ArrayList and add each word to it. Be sure to create a new Word object with
each String in the parameter array wordList and then add it to the ArrayList words. This would
be a great place to use a for-each loop. Your code should not generate any warnings.
3. Complete the countWordsWithNumChars method to return the number of wo.
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled th.pdf
Discuss in detail how two different Progressive reformers tackled the social, political, or
economic problems they felt most threatened America’s democracy and social order. What was
their main object of reform? What actions did they take to implement that reform? How
successful were they in their work? (Be sure to place each Progressive reformer’s work in the
context of the industrial or urban problem with which he or she was most concerned, i.e.
discuss/describe in some detail the social ill the reformer hoped to change and then also discuss,
at length, the nature of that Progressive’s plan for reform).
Solution
Between 1890 and 1910 more than 12 million European people immigrated to the United states.
They came from Ireland,Russia,Italy and other European countries and provided cheap Factory
labour,
a demand that was created with the country\'s expansion into the west following the Civil War.
Many immigrants lived in Crowded and disease ridden tenments, Worked long Hours and lived
in Poverty.
Children often worked to help support the family.
Jacob riis wrote How the other Half lives about the lives of immigrants on NewYork City\'s
Lower East side to bring
greater awareness of the immigrant\'s living conditions.
The most famous settlement house in the United States in Chicago\'s Hull house founded by John
Addams and
Ellen gates starr in 1889 after Addams visited tonybee hall with in previous two years. Hull
house though was not
religious based organization. It focussed on providing Education and recretational fecilities for
European immigrant
woman and children.
Lenox Hill neighbourhood house founded in 1894 Friendly inn settlement house founded in 1874
Henry Street
settlement founded in 1893 Hirram house founded in 1896 and University settlement house
founded in 1886 and the
oldest in United States, were like Hull House important sites for social reform.
United neighbourhood houses of NewYork is the federation of 35 settlement houses in NewYork
city.
These and other settlement houses inspired the establishment of settlement schools to serve
isolated rural
communities in Appalachia.
By 1913 there were 413 settlements in 32 States. By the 1920\'s there were almost 500 settlement
houses in the
country. The Settlement house concept was continued by Dorodhy Day\'s Catholic worker
Hospitality houses in
1930\'s. American settlement houses functioned on philosophy of scientific philanthropy a belief
that instead of
giving direct relief, charities should give resources to the poor so they could break out of the
circle of poverty.
American Charity workers feared that the deeply entrenched social class system in Europe would
develop in United states..
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions..pdf
Describe the major parts of the nervous system and their functions.
Solution
Nervous system consists of two parts a. Central nervous system ( CNS) and b Peripheral nervous
system.
Central nervous system consists of Brain and spinal cord. while peripheral nervous system
consisted of long nerve fiber which connect various organ to brain via spinal cord.
CNS has Grey matter consists nerve bodies while white matter consists of axon
Major part of brain
1. Medulla oblangata : It control center for involuntary function such as breathing
2.Pond relay information between from brain to cerebellum
3. Mid brain responsible for eye movement
4. Above mid brain is dicephalon which composed of two part Thalamus and hypothalamus
which maintain homeostasis
Function Brain sends message through spinal cord to nerve to the body to control movement of
muscle and functions of internal organ.
DEFINE gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).Sol.pdf
DEFINE: gene enhancer and gene promoter (3-4 sentences each).
Solution
Answer :
Enhancers : An enhancer is a segment of DNA that lies either upstream, within, or downstream
of a structural gene that serves to increase transcription initiation from that gene. enhancers are
found thousands of basepairs away from the genes. They interacts with the activators and
coactivators which in turn recruits RNA polymerase to the site of transcription.
Promoters are the specific sites on the DNA in which RNA polymerase enzyme binds and
intiates the trancription/RNA synthesis process..
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Lay.pdf
Cisco Systems, Inc. offers a switching technology known as Multi-Layer Switching (MLS).In
what ways does MLS differ from MPLS?
Solution
Multi-Layer Switching has turn into a extremely desired method of accelerating routing
performance through the utilize of dedicated ASIC. Traditional routing is completed through a
central CPU and software. MLS offloads a significant part of routing to hardware, and thus has
also been termed switching. MLS and Layer 3 switching are equivalent terms. Multi Protocol
Label Switching is a standards-supported technology for increasing up network traffic flow and
making it simpler to manage. MPLS involves setting up a specific path for a given sequence of
packets, recognized by a label put in every packet, thus saving the time needed for a router to
look up the address to the next node to promoted the packet to. MPLS is called multiprotocol
because it efforts with the Internet Protocol , and asynchronous transport mode and frame relay
network protocols. MPLS permits most packets to be forwarded at the layer 2 level rather than at
the layer 3 level. It is used to moving traffic faster overall, MPLS makes it easy to manage a
network for quality of service.
C# ProgramingHow a derived class that inherits attributes and beha.pdf
C# Programing
How a derived class that inherits attributes and behaviors from a base class? Problems with
Protected access modifier.
Solution
A derived class can override a base class member only if base class member is declared as virtual
or abstract. The derived member must use override keyword to explicitly indicate that the
method is intended to participate in virtual invocation.
Protected variables should be avoided because of the following reasons:
1)They tend to lead to some issues. Protected variables generally have some intrinsic invariance
associated with them or else they would be public Inheritors then need to maintain those
properties, which people can violate.
2)If the base class makes too many assumptions about the protected member, or the inheritor is
too flexible with the behavior of the class, it can lead to the base class behavior being modified
by that extension which leads to inheritance for extension rather than composition. Infact tends
to lead to tighter coupling, more violations..
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write.pdf
Assume that x and y are already defined as being of type int . Write a single expression that will
add 7 times the sum of x and 4 to y. Add 1 to x afterwards. (x changes - use one expression ).
Solution
Answer: Single expression is as folllows
y = 7 * (x + 4); //adding x value with 4 and after that multiplying with 7
x = x + 1; //Adding 1 to x value and reassigning the value to x..
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate example.pdf
Briefly define cyberterrorism. Define hacktivism. Illustrate examples of each in current events
within the last decade.
What is the fundamental difference between these two?
How has technology helped to advance these groups?
How do you think our government’s response to such groups has changed our attitudes towards
our own freedoms?
In your opinion, do you think Hacktivism is justified or is it just a subset of cyberterrorism? Give
some examples to support your stance.
Solution
According to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, cyberterrorism is any \"premeditated,
politically motivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs, and data
which results in violence against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine
agents.\"Unlike a nuisance virus or computer attack that results in a denial of service, a
cyberterrorist attack is designed to cause physical violence or extreme financial harm. According
to the U.S. Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection, possible cyberterrorist targets
include the banking industry, military installations, power plants, air traffic control centers, and
water systems.
Cyberterrorism is sometimes referred to as electronic terrorism or information war.
Hacktivism is “the use of computers and computer networks to promote political ends, chiefly
free speech, human rights, and information ethics”. As with any technology, “hacking” and
therefore hacktivism can be a force for good or evil.
Hacking versus Cyberterrorism
‘Hacking’ is the term used to describe unauthorised access to or use of a
computer system. The term ‘hacktivism’ is composed of the words ‘hacking’ and
‘activism’ and is the handle used to describe politically motivated hacking. ‘Cracking’
refers to hacking with a criminal intent; the term is composed of the words ‘criminal’
and ‘hacking.’ In a majority of both media reports and academic analyses of
cyberterrorism, one or other of these terms – hacking, hacktivism, cracking - or the
activities associated with them are equated with or identified as variants of
cyberterrorism.
Hackers have many different motives. Many hackers work on gaining entry to
systems for the challenge it poses. Others are seeking to educate themselves about
systems. Some state that they search for security holes to notify system administrators
while others perform intrusions to gain recognition from their peers. Hacktivists are
politically motivated; they use their knowledge of computer systems to engage in
disruptive activities on the Internet in the hopes of drawing attention to some political
cause. These disruptions take many different forms, from ‘denial of service’ (DoS)
attacks that tie up Web sites and other servers, to posting ‘electronic graffiti’ on the
home pages of government and corporate Web sites, to the theft and publication of
private information on the Internet. Crackers hack with the intent of stealing, altering
data, or engaging in other malicious damage.41 A sig.
Be able to define and give an example of convergent evolutionSol.pdf
Be able to define and give an example of convergent evolution
Solution
Answer:
Convergent evolution is defined as the process whereby organisms not closely related
independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments.
Example: flight has evolved in both bats and insects, and they both have wings, which are
adaptations to flight.
Although not an assignment, for consideration In human experience, .pdf
Although not an assignment, for consideration: In human experience, there is perception of pain,
and perception of sound. Which is exponential? Which is logarithmic? Name something else that
is best described as exponential or logarithmic (as opposed to polynomial or trigonometric).
Solution
Perception of sound is probably logarithmic. In western classical music the semitone scale has
logarithmic frequency.
In a research it is shown that the primary and secondary somatosensory cortices activity and
stimulus intensity resembles as an exponenetial function. The function matches closely with the
pain rating of the paitent. Therefore it seems perception of pain is exponential in nature.
Population growth, Compound Interest are exponential, where as the Logistic model is
logarithmic...
Write a program (any language) to randomly generate the following se.pdf
Write a program (any language) to randomly generate the following sets of data: 1) 10 numbers
2) 1,000 numbers 3) 100,000 numbers 4) 1,000,000 numbers 5) 10,000,000 numbers Your
program must sort the above sets of numbers using the following algorithms: a) Insertion Sort b)
Merge Sort c) Quick Sort d) Heap Sort Print out the time each algorithm takes to sort the above
numbers
Solution
import java.io.*;
publicclass randomNo{
publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) throws NumberFormatException, IOException {
int n1,n2,ch;
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int count = 0;
do
{
System.out.println(\"\ \");
System.out.println(\"Menu:\");
System.out.println(\"1.Insertion Sort\");
System.out.println(\"2.Heap Sort.\");
System.out.println(\"3.Quick SOrt\");
System.out.println(\"4.Merge SOrt\");
System.out.println(\"5.Exit\");
System.out.println(\"Enter your choice: \");
ch=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr=newint[n2];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
insertionSort(arr,count);
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr1=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr1[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting\");
for(int i=0; i1; i--) {
HeapSort(arr1, i - 1);
}
System.out.println(\"\ Ascending Order\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr1[i]);
}
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr3=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr3[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
QuickSort(arr3, 0, count-1);
System.out.println(\"\ \ After Sorting\");
System.out.println(\"\ Ascending Order\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr3[i]);
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.println(\"Enter range to generate random numbers--Enter n1 & n2::\");
n1=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
n2=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int[] arr2=newint[20];
for (int i = 0; i < 10 ; i++)
{
int Random = (n1) + (int)(Math.random()* ((n2-n1)+1));
arr2[i]=Random;
System.out.println(Random);
count++;
}
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting\");
for(int i=0; i=0; i--) {
System.out.print(\" \" + arr2[i]);
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println(\"Invalid\");
default:
break;
}
}while(ch!=5);
}
//Insertion Sort
publicstaticvoid insertionSort(int arr[],int n){
System.out.println(\"\ Before Sorting :\");
for(int i=0; i 0) && .
15. The myxoviruses such as influenza viruses are so named because t.pdf
15. The myxoviruses such as influenza viruses are so named because they have __________ that
bind mucins present on the respiratory epithelium.
A. an envelope
B. glycolipids
C. glycoproteins
D. an ssRNA genome
E. the capacity to aerosolize
Solution
C. glycoproteins
The influenza virus binds to the cell surface by fixing the outer top of the
haemagglutininglycoproteins to the sialic acid of a cells glycoproteins and glycolipids.
which of the following statements is an example of a phenocopyA. .pdf
which of the following statements is an example of a phenocopy?
A. Phenylketonuria results from a recessive mutation that causes light skin as well as metal
retardation.
B. Human height is influenced by genes at many different loci.
C. Dwarf plants and motted leaves in tomatoes are caused by seperate genes that are linked.
D. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are prodcued by a recessive mutation. This trait is also
produced by high temperature during development
E. Intelligence in humans is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Solution
Answer is (D).
D. Vestigial wings in Drosophila are prodcued by a recessive mutation. This trait is also
produced by high temperature during development.
What is the result of exposure to cholera toxin in humans Be brief .pdf
What is the result of exposure to cholera toxin in humans? Be brief How does cholera toxin
work? What does it do to susceptible cells? Be more detailed
Solution
Answer :
Question number 1 :Cholera toxin acts on a G protein that is part of a signaling pathway (see Fig.
12–39), leading
to several physiological responses including a massive loss of body fluids and, sometimes,
death.The ultimate problem with cholera that can lead to death is severe dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance.
Question number 2 : Cholera toxin produced by Vibrio cholerae catalyzes the ribosylation by
tranfering ADP-ribose from NAD+ to the alpha subunit of Gs (Stimulatory G protein) and
prevents its GTPase activity making it permanently activated. This results in continuous
activation of the adenylyl cyclase of intestinal epithelial cells and high cAMP levels, resulting in
constant secretion of Cl-, HCO3- , and water into the intestinal lumen. The resulting dehydration
and electrolyte loss are the major pathologies in cholera..
what is a natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow would two.pdf
what is a natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow? would two small, geographically
isolated populations in very different environments be likely to evolve in a similar way? explain.
Solution
natural selection is a process, by which organisam get better adaptation to enviroment for
survival and produce more offespring . another defination is process by which the forms of
organism in a population that are the best adapted to environment increase in frequency
relatively to less adapted forms over a number of generations.
this theory was given by Charles Darwin,natural selection is a comosite of all the force that cause
differential survival & diffrential reproduction among the genetic variant.natural selection is
nonrandom process by which biological traits become more or less common in population, there
genetic drift-the random change in allele frequencies caused by sampling error across
generations in final population is called genetic drift, drift can be major driving force for
changing alleles frequencies in small population , however the key element of genetic drift is that
which individuals survive and reproduce is random( unrelated to their phenotype and genotype).
drift cause fixation of alleles in population.
genetic drift is a random, directionaless process, it act to eliminate genetic variation over a
time.drift lead in increase homozygosity for diploid organism and cause increase in inbreeding
coefficient, and resulting in facilitate speciation(creating new species)
Gene flow-gene flow is transfer of allele and genes from one population to another.through
reproduction in same species.gene flow is also non as gene migration,
geographically isolated populations in very different environments be likely to evolve in a
similar way- speciation is a lineage splitting evolutionary process that produce two or more
species,
means creation of new and distinct biological species by branching off form ancestral population.
occure when gene flow is reduce sufficiently between sister population, and this play critical role
in speciation.
mode of speciation are often classified as allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation
allopatric speciation-geographical isolation between population, and increase genetic divergen by
either genetic drift or selection, selection for increase reproduction isolation, and speciation
completed.
sympatric speciation-does not require geographical isoloation, this reproductive isolation depend
on number of factor- like, competition for resources,disruptive selection,sexual selection.
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Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
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The geography of Taylor Swift - some ideas
Geographical themes connected with Taylor Swift's ERAS tour - coming to the UK in June 2024
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Class 11 CBSE Business Studies Project ( AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE)
Supporting (UKRI) OA monographs at Salford.pptx
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI funded books
Wednesday 22 May 2024, 14:00-15:00.
Operation Blue Star - Saka Neela Tara
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/hqnndn05v4q5a4k4jd597rkdbda0fniiRecently uploaded (20)
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Thesis Statement for students diagnonsed withADHD.ppt
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
CLASS 11 CBSE B.St Project AIDS TO TRADE - INSURANCE
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdf
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors in hypothes.pdf
- 1. What is the difference between Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing? How do and relate to Type I and Type II errors? Solution A type I error can only occur when you reject Ho. A type II error can only occur when you fail to reject Ho. Alpha is the probability of committing a type I error when you reject Ho. Beta is the probability of committing a type II error when you fail to reject Ho.