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What does it mean to be an Author?
This document discusses authorship and COPE's role in promoting integrity in research publication. COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) is an organization with over 11,000 members that provides resources and guidance to ensure ethical standards. The document outlines that authorship is important because it confers credit, responsibility, and legal rights. However, determining authorship can be challenging, especially with increasing numbers of authors and multi-disciplinary work. COPE addresses these challenges by promoting core practices like transparent authorship policies and training, as well as standards to clearly attribute contributions like ORCID IDs and CRediT.
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What does it mean to be an Author?
- 1. publicationethics.org What does itmean to be an author? COPE: Promoting integrity in research and its publication Elizabeth Moylan, COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) Senior Editor (Peer Review Strategy & Innovation) BMC (part of Springer Nature) ORCID: 0000-0002-4651-4969 elizabeth.moylan@biomedcentral.com @latwec
- 2. publicationethics.org Overview Introduction to COPE Whydoes good authorship practice matter? What are the challenges? Resources that may help… What are potential solutions?
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- 4. publicationethics.org Who are COPEmembers? • 11, 000 + members (editors, publishers, associates) • Pilot project with 5 institutions, Caltech, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Queensland University of Technology, Hong Kong University • COPE operates with a small group of paid employees and a large group of volunteers who serve on the trustee board and council.
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- 6. publicationethics.org Why authorship matters COPE:Promoting integrity in research and its publication
- 7. publicationethics.org Authorship matters becauseit confers • Credit and attribution • Responsibility and accountability • Legal rights • Key in shaping academic careers
- 8. publicationethics.org What are thechallenges? COPE: Promoting integrity in research and its publication
- 9. publicationethics.org Challenges •Multiple authors (100-1000authors) •Discipline-specific approaches •Multi-disciplinary research •Cultural-specific approaches •Determining ‘significant’ contributions
- 10. publicationethics.org Poor practices •Guest authors •Giftauthors •Ghost authors
- 11. publicationethics.org Authorship issues area common concern https://publicationethics.org/files/u7140/Peer%20Review%20poster_2017.pdf
- 12. publicationethics.org What are potentialsolutions? COPE: Promoting integrity in research and its publication
- 13. publicationethics.org COPE’s Core Practices https://publicationethics.org/core-practices COPEassists editors of scholarly journals and publishers - as well as other parties, such as institutions - in their work to preserve and promote the integrity of the scholarly record through policies and practices. COPE describes these in 10 “Core Practices”. COPE's Core Practices should be considered alongside specific national and international codes of conduct for research.
- 14. publicationethics.org ‘‘ Journals and publishersshould have robust and well- described, publicly documented practices in all the following areas https://publicationethics.org/core-practices https://publicationethics.org/files/editable-bean/COPE_Core_Practices_0.pdf
- 16. Clear policies Clear policies(that allow for transparency around who contributed to the work and in what capacity) should be in place for requirements for authorship and contributorship as well as processes for managing potential disputes.‘‘
- 17. publicationethics.org Design/acquisition, analysis orinterpretation of data Writing/revising Approval/signoff Accountability AND E.g. ICMJE says authorship be based on AND AND
- 18. Emerging standards? COPE: Promotingintegrity in research and its publication
- 20. CRediT: Contributor RolesTaxonomy
- 22. Resources to help COPE:Promoting integrity in research and its publication
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- 26. Potential solutions • Clearpolicies • Training, support and proactive outreach • Agree authorship early and keep a record • Adopt standards that promote transparency: ORCID and CRediT • Move away from authorship to contributorship?
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Editor's Notes
- #4 Membership organisation – promote integrity….. Highlight key points. From http://publicationethics.org/files/u7140/StrategicPlan2016_2018.pdf As an organization, COPE’s role is to assist editors of scholarly journals and publisher/owners in their endeavour to preserve and promote the integrity of the scholarly record through policies and practices that reflect the current best principles of transparency as well as integrity
- #10 Complex and varied
- #11 e.g. see https://twitter.com/EQUATORNetwork/status/991218212728705025
- #12 authorship issues common concern raised by COPE members. Consistently high!
- #18 Perhaps most well known guidelines. The ICMJE recommends that authorship be based on the following 4 criteria: Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND Final approval of the version to be published; AND Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. In addition to being accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done, an author should be able to identify which co-authors are responsible for specific other parts of the work. In addition, authors should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of their co-authors.
- #25 Here’s a link to COPE’s authorship white paper [copies provided]