The document outlines air pollution control techniques, describing air pollution's harmful effects and its various sources and pollutants. It emphasizes the need for effective air quality management systems, local regulations, and innovative control technologies to reduce emissions and improve air quality. Additionally, it highlights the role of companies like Thermax in providing sustainable pollution control solutions across various industries.

1. Air Pollution control
Techniques
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2. Air Pollution
 Air Pollution is defined as the presence of certain substances in the form of particles or
gases in concentrations high enough and for durations long enough to cause harm or
undesirable effects. Most air contaminants originate from combustion or reduction
processes.
 Each year the numbers of possible sources increase rapidly with the accelerating trends of
population growth, urbanization, industrialization and increased affluence.
 Air pollutants are many and have differing physical and chemical characteristics, as also a
vast number of sources. Common pollutants include dust, soot, ash, carbon monoxide,
carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons
(CFC), lead compounds, asbestos & cement dust, pollens, and radioactive rays.

3. Air Quality
 Air quality.
 ▪ Air quality exhibited characteristics of combined coal-vehicle
 pollution
 ▪ Negative effects on public health

4.  An effective air quality management system
 The system is characterized by
 1. Complete legislation and enforcement mechanism
 2. Systematic planning
 3. Powerful local standards
 4. Strong monitoring capacity
 5. High public environmental awareness

5. Strategies for Air Quality Management
 1.Planning
 2. Local Laws and Standards
 3. Economic Policies
 4. Enhancement of Monitoring Capacity
 5. Heavy Pollution Emergency Response System
 6. Information Release and Public Participation

6. 2. Local Regulations and Emission Standards
 Local regulations on air pollution prevention and control
 ▪ The Law on Environmental Protection.
 The Law on Air Pollution Control
 2. Local emission standards
 Air pollution control standards, covering combustion
 sources, mobile sources, industrial sources, and commercial products.
 3. Law Enforcement
 ▪ In General, there are two levels of environmental law enforcement:
 i. municipal level
 ii. district level

7. Impacts
 Emission reductions and
 relative contributions of each control measure
 Control of coal fired boilers
 Management of residential buildings
 Optimization of industrial structures
 Vehicle emission control
 Control of VOCs
 Control of dust

8. 10 Best Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
 10 Best Ways to Reduce Air Pollution
 Using public transports. ...
 Turn off the lights when not in use. ...
 Recycle and Reuse. ...
 No to plastic bags. ...
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking. ...
 Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner. ...
 Use filters for chimneys. ...
 Avoid usage of crackers

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 Burning fossil fuels releases gases and chemicals into the air.
 Air pollution in the form of carbon dioxide and methane raises the earth's temperature,
 So new ways to replace fossil fuels can control air pollution.

10. The techniques of air pollution control
 to reduce the gaseous & particulate emissions of harmful substances that can affect not
only human health but also the environment.
 Therefore, a good understanding of the pollutants and their sources is necessary before a
particular control technology is implemented and applied to any particular situation.
 To effectively clean the pollutants would require an increased application of control
procedures as well as the adoption of new techniques. The selection of control technologies
depends on environmental, engineering, economic factors and pollutant type.

11. Latest techniques of air pollution control are:
 Combustion – This method is applied when the pollutants are organic gases or vapours. The organic air pollutants are exposed to ‘flame or
catalytic combustion’ when they are converted to less harmful product carbon dioxide and product water.
 Absorption – In this technique, the polluted air containing gaseous pollutants is passed through a scrubber carrying a suitable liquid
absorbent, which absorbs the harmful gaseous pollutants present in the air.
 Adsorption – In this technique, the polluted air is passed through porous solid adsorbents kept in suitable containers. The gaseous pollutants
are adsorbed at the surface of the porous solid, and clean air passes through.
 Means of controlling particulate emissions -The air pollution caused by particulate matter such as dust, soot, ash, etc. can be controlled by
using fabric filters, wet scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and certain mechanical devices, that work on the basis of the following:
 Gravity – In this process, the particulate settles down by the action of gravitational force and gets removed.
 Rapid change in the direction of air flow – This brings about separation of particles due to greater momentum.
 Fabric Filters – The particulate matter is passed through a porous medium made of woven or filled fabrics. The particulate present in the
polluted air is filtered and gets collected in the fabric filters, while the gases are discharged. The process of controlling air pollution by using
 fabric filters is called &’bag filtration’
 Wet Scrubbers – They are used to trap SO2, NH3 and metal fumes by passing the fumes through the water.
 Electrostatic Precipitators – When the polluted air containing particulate pollutants is passed through an electrostatic precipitator, it induces
an electric charge on the particles, and then the aerosol particles get precipitated on the electrodes.

12. Cont.
 Thermax Group provides a range of engineering solutions that are sustainable and
environmentally friendly in nature. Thermax is among the top five manufacturers of
industrial pollution control equipment in India and offers innovative and sustainable
solutions that solve problems of air pollution. They offer single-source expertise for several
areas of protection of the environment. These include products and systems for air
pollution control, services for equipment that specializes in dealing with gaseous and
particulate emissions.
 Thermax focuses on resource recovery which is advantageous to process focused industries
and provides several customized products for controlling air pollution:

13. Cont.
 Ash control after combustion in Boiler: The ash being generated after combustion of Fossil fuel or any
biomass like rice husk, wood chips, Bagasse, Spent Wash, Palm Fiber, Empty fruit bunch (EFB), Coal,
Anthracite, Lignite, inside a Boiler is called as Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). This ash creates various
size of particulates that are emitted from the Stack or Chimney after the Boiler. To control this SPM (ash) of
variety suitable Air Pollution control device are selected like Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP), Pulse Jet bag
Filter (PJBF), Scrubber, High Efficiency Cyclone, Electrostatic Fabric Filter(ESFF). Major industry that
needs to focus like Power, Textile, Food, Brewery, Agro, Palm, Edible Oil, Cement, Steel, Sponge Iron.
 Fume Extraction and De-dusting Systems – These systems are installed to seize fumes from all kind of
electric arc (EAF), induction, ladle, submerged arc furnace. The right product and solution that will help
protect the environment and safe disposal can help attain clean air in the operating zone. The process is
completely safe and takes place without formation of dust or deposition due to the optimized air velocity in
these systems. Major industries are Secondary steelmaking from Sponge Iron, Scrap, Alloy steel, Steel
Rolling, Continuous Casting Machine, Ferroalloy like Ferro-manganese, Ferro Silicate, Ferro Chrome, Cast
House, Stock House, Gas Cleaning
plant etc.

14.  Pushing Emission Control Systems – These systems control emissions that are produced from
hot coke being discharged from an oven of a coke battery from the beginning of the discharge to
the time the coke reaches the quenching station. This system is designed to capture solid
emissions that result from coke pushing and cleans
them. Major Industry are primary Steel Making.
 Flue Gas Desulphurisation [FGD] – Oxides of Sulphur (SOx) adversely affects the environment.
Desulphurisation helps in reducing the harmful effects of SOx through dry, semi-dry and wet
systems. Major Industries Power plant, Glass furnaces, Oil Fired boiler and Turbines
 Sinter Plant and Pellet Plant De-Dusting – Sintering is the process that is conducted to fuse the
constituent materials of iron ore to make a single porous mass that can be used in a blast furnace.
Pelletizing is used to turn fine iron-ore grains into pellets that can be used in blast furnaces and
are suitable for direct reduction

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 Coal Preparation Plants – These plants consist of equipment for storing and handling raw
coal. They also have a section for pulverizing, grinding, drying and collection of coal
through a bag filter.Coal preparation plants convert coal to fine dust for faster combustion
inside the Blast Furnace. It also can replace the use of Coking Coal thereby making it safe
and at times cost-effective solution to be used by major steel plants, Cement plants for firing
in Kiln Thermax is one of the rare chemical companies in Pune that offers all these
efficient and eco-friendly services under one roof. This makes them reliable partners who
provide solutions to critical energy challenges of their clients.