The document outlines principles of effective writing, emphasizing the importance of organization, coherence, and language use. It discusses deductive and inductive approaches for presenting ideas, the significance of clarity, and the use of appropriate language to communicate effectively. Additionally, it covers writing mechanics such as grammar, punctuation, and the need to avoid colloquialism and jargon.

1. WELL-
WRITTEN
TEXT

2. In writing means that the writer must
consciously arrange and classify ideas in
order to achieve logical order and clarity in
writing.
It begins with the writer thinking of general
subjects and turning them into narrowed
down topics.
ORGANIZATION

3. Deductive Vs. Inductive
3
Organizing ideas for
writing starts with
the general idea
branching out to the
specific details.
Represented by
inverted pyramid.
Organizing ideas for
writing must start
with particular ideas
leading to general
ideas.
These need examples,
concrete situations,
and facts in order to

4. Deductive Vs. Inductive
presentation title 4
G
e
n
er
al
Id
e
a
Specific
Ideas
Specific
Ideas
Specific ideas
Specific
ideas
Ge
ner
al
ide
as

5. If your readers are new to the topic begin
with concrete examples. (inductive)
If they are familiar with the topic, use the
deductive approach.
REMINDERS

6. Coherence
and
Cohesion

7. C O H E R E N C E
•The interconnection between and among
ideas in text.
•All ideas or expressions in the text are clear.
How to achieve coherence?
•Stick to one topic and finish it first.
•Choose what to discuss.

8. Parallelism
•Ideas of the same nature must be
expressed in the same grammatical
structure. It will help you to express your
ideas clearly.
•Example:
Parallel : Swimming, eating, jogging
Not parallel : to swim, eating and jogging

9. Repetition
•When important ideas in your paragraph
need further highlighting to emphasize their
importance.
•One way to do this is by repeating the key
words or phrases.

10. 1. ‘You can fool some of the people all of
the time, and all of the people some of
the time, but you cannot fool all of the
people all of the time.’
2. “Its okay not to be okay”.

11. C O H E S I O N
•Smooth transition of ideas.
•Connection within and among sentences.

12. Substitution
•The use of pronouns as substitutes for key
nouns in your paragraph aids you in
presenting clear flow of ideas.
•Substituting nouns with pronouns will avoid
repetition and confusion in your
paragraph.

13. A sentence without pronouns:
The lawyer spent the weekend writing
the lawyer’s synopsis so the lawyer would have
enough time to proofread the synopsis on Monday.
The same sentence with pronouns:
The lawyer spent the weekend
writing her synopsis so she would have enough time
to proofread it on Monday.

14. Language
Use

15. Language
• A language is a structured system of
communication used by humans consisting
of speech (spoken language) and gestures
(sign language).

16. •How can the right choice of
words avoid problems?

17. Synonyms
•Words that are similar in
meaning.
Antonyms
•Words that are opposite in
meaning.

18. Use Synonyms and Antonyms
•A writer must use there words
appropriately to avoid the idea
of impressing your readers by
using uncommon words.

19. Diction
•the choice and use of words and
phrases in speech or writing intended
to your audience.

20. What to avoid?
•Colloquial words
•Archaic words
•Jargons or Technical words

21. Colloquial words
•Are words use in informal
communication like words
used in the street or in
casual conversation.

23. Archaic words
•Words are old and obsolete
words. This words exist in a
particular period in history, and
it can be confusing if it will be
used in the present time.

25. Jargon or Technical words
•Should be avoided in writing
since they used by particular
groups of people or in a
particular profession.

27. Mechanics

28. Writing Mechanics
•Refer to spelling, grammar,
punctuation, indention, capitalization,
and the like.
Grammar
•Refers to the set of rules on how we
organize words into sentences, right
for of words.

29. Subject and Predicate
Subject-Verb Agreement
Punctuations
Indention

30. Activity 3.20
Language Use and Mechanics
A. Identify if the pair words enumerated
below is an Synonym or Antonym.
1. Cold/Frigid 2. Black/Dark
3. Hot/Warm 4. Sweet/Bitter
5. Lenient/Strict

31. B. Choose the correct verb for the sentences
enumerated below.
1. He (is, are) intelligent.
2. Sam and Gretchen (is, are) friends.
3. Congress (announce, announces) the
decision.
4. Mathematics (is, are) a difficult subject.
5. They (get, gets) the message from their
principal.