Weimar republic
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The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1. It faced significant challenges, including threats from communist and nationalist groups, resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, and severe economic problems. In the early 1920s, the Freikorps helped crush communist uprisings while nationalist groups like the Kapp Putsch and Hitler's Beer Hall Putsch threatened the government. Hyperinflation crippled the economy until Stresemann stabilized the currency. Stresemann improved diplomatic relations, signing the Locarno Treaty, but the Great Depression eroded faith in the Republic in the early 1930s.
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The document discusses several economic problems faced by Germany in the 1920s. [1] The Treaty of Versailles imposed heavy war reparations on Germany that caused financial issues. [2] Germany struggled to pay the reparations and this led France and Belgium to occupy the Ruhr region in 1923. [3] Hyperinflation soon gripped Germany, with prices and the cost of living rapidly increasing out of control.
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The document discusses several key events in early 20th century Germany:
1) The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany after World War 1, which caused resentment and instability.
2) Hyperinflation in 1923 devastated the German economy and people's livelihoods, further weakening the new Weimar Republic government.
3) The Great Depression starting in 1929 exacerbated Germany's economic problems and unrest, aiding the rise of the Nazi party.
4) Hitler became Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power by outlawing other parties, suppressing dissent, and intimidating political opponents.
The Weimar Republic
Weimar Germany experienced a period of political instability, economic turmoil, and cultural flourishing following World War 1. The 1919 Weimar Constitution established Germany as a democratic republic while the Treaty of Versailles imposed punitive reparations. Berlin became a cultural epicenter known for its art, architecture, literature and film. However, the Wall Street crash of 1929 exacerbated economic woes, giving rise to unemployment and hyperinflation that destabilized the government and allowed the Nazis to rise to power under Hitler in 1933.
Stresemann
- Stresemann helped solve Germany's economic problems in the 1920s through various policies, including ending the Ruhr Crisis by promising reparations payments and persuading workers to return to work. He also solved hyperinflation by introducing a new stable currency called the Rentenmark.
- The Dawes Plan and Young Plan further helped Germany's economy by restructuring reparations payments and bringing in American investment. Stresemann also reduced unemployment through public works projects.
- Stresemann improved Germany's international standing by signing the Treaty of Locarno and the Treaty of Cooperation with the USSR, and securing Germany's admission to the League of Nations.
The Golden Age Of Weimar
The document summarizes Germany's recovery after economic and political crises in the early 1920s. Under the leadership of Gustav Stresemann as chancellor from 1923 to 1929, Germany experienced a "Golden Age". Stresemann stabilized the economy by introducing a new currency, the Rentenmark, and improved diplomatic relations by adhering to the Treaty of Versailles and signing the Treaty of Locarno, regaining international trust. As a result, Germany saw increased industrial growth, employment, and prosperity in the later half of the 1920s.
How did Germany recover between 1924 and 1929?
Germany recovered economically between 1924-1929 through the leadership of Gustav Stresemann and international agreements. Stresemann introduced the Rentenmark to stabilize the currency. He negotiated foreign loans to create jobs and restructured reparations payments through the Dawes and Young Plans to reduce Germany's debts. This economic recovery created stability and prosperity, reducing support for the Nazi party. However, Germany became dependent on US loans.
Nazism and Rise of Hitler
The rise of the Nazi party and Hitler in Germany was enabled by several factors in the 1920s-1930s. The Nazi party gained popularity due to economic instability following World War I and the Great Depression. The Weimar government was ineffective in addressing problems faced by Germans. Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933 with the belief he could be controlled, as the Nazi party had become the largest in the Reichstag. Hitler's racist ideology and policies led to persecution of Jews and other groups, and the establishment of concentration camps.
The Recovery Years - Gustav Stresemann Part 2
The document discusses the work of Gustav Stresemann and the recovery of Germany under his leadership after 1923. It provides information on several economic plans and international agreements Stresemann implemented that helped stabilize Germany, such as the Dawes Plan in 1924 and the Locarno Treaties in 1925. However, it also notes ongoing economic and political problems, including high unemployment, the rise of the Nazis and Communists, and some opposition to Stresemann's foreign policies. The document examines achievements and challenges during Stresemann's chancellorship and aims to evaluate how fully the Weimar Republic recovered during this time period.
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - bruning's chancellorship to schleicher
This page considers events in Weimar Germany under the leadership of three Chancellors: Heinrich Bruning, Franz von Papen and Kurt von Schleicher.
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - effects of economic depression
This page discusses the impact that the worldwide Depression had on Weimar Germany, including its impact on support for extreme parties.
Weimar Germany and Nazi Germany Notes - Thomas Vanderstichele
1) In November 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated and Germany became a republic under the Weimar Constitution. However, Germany suffered greatly under the Treaty of Versailles, losing land and facing war reparations and disarmament.
2) In the early 1920s, Germany experienced extreme political unrest and violence, as well as hyperinflation that destroyed the economy. The Nazis used this instability to grow their party and message of German restoration.
3) Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, suspending civil liberties and banning other parties. The Nazis established racial laws targeting Jews, and the first concentration camps held political opponents. By 1939 the Nazis controlled all aspects of German life and had begun re
Collapse of the Weimar Republic - nazis and the politics of intrigue
This page examines the and type of secret deals that helped the Nazis achieve political power in Germany.
Causes WWII
The document lists and briefly describes the major causes of World War 2, including the Treaty of Versailles, rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini, rise of Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany, the worldwide Great Depression, Japanese expansionism, anti-communism, appeasement of Hitler, militarism, nationalism, and American isolationism in the 1930s. It also provides maps showing the key theaters of war and lists Hitler's Axis partners versus the Allied powers in WWII.
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Comparison between Hyperinflation in Germany and Zimbabwe
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Collapse of the Weimar Republic - effects of economic depression
Weimar Germany and Nazi Germany Notes - Thomas Vanderstichele
Weimar Germany and Nazi Germany Notes - Thomas Vanderstichele
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Collapse of the Weimar Republic - nazis and the politics of intrigue
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Nazism AND RISE OF HITLER
1) The document discusses the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party in Germany following World War 1 and the economic crisis of the 1930s. Hitler promised to restore Germany's power and dignity and address unemployment.
2) Once in power in 1933, Hitler dismantled democracy and consolidated his control. He established a police state and imprisoned political opponents.
3) Nazi ideology was based on racial supremacy of Nordic/Germanic peoples. They aimed to create a society with only "pure and healthy" Aryans, and saw Jews, Slavs, Roma and others as inferior races that needed to be eliminated. The Nazi regime systematically persecuted and murdered millions of people they deemed "undesirable."
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The document summarizes key events in Germany between 1918 and 1945:
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The Weimar Republic refers to Germany's government between 1918-1933 after World War 1. It attempted to create a liberal democracy in Germany which had little experience with liberalism or democracy. The Freikorps were ex-soldiers who remained armed and opposed the new government. They helped defeat a communist uprising led by the Spartacists in 1919 but the government had little control over them, contributing to instability. France occupied the Ruhr region in 1923 when Germany missed reparation payments, worsening inflation. The Locarno Treaty of 1925 stabilized relations as Germany agreed to its new borders with France and Belgium. However, the Kapp Putsch of 1920 showed the government could not enforce its authority and relied on public strikes to maintain
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The document provides an overview of the establishment and development of the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1933. It discusses the impact of World War 1 on Germany, the creation of the Weimar constitution, and the many political and economic challenges faced by the new republic in its early years from 1919 to 1923, including hyperinflation and challenges from both the left and right. It also summarizes the period of relative stability and prosperity from 1924 to 1929 under the leadership of Gustav Stresemann.
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- Germany was in a poor state after WWI with food shortages and unrest. The Weimar Republic was established with a democratic constitution. However, it faced significant opposition from communists and right-wing nationalists.
- The Treaty of Versailles imposed harsh terms on Germany, fueling nationalist sentiment. Hyperinflation in the early 1920s caused economic devastation. The Nazis gained popularity by blaming the Weimar government for Germany's problems.
- Hitler was appointed Chancellor in 1933 and quickly consolidated power, establishing a fascist dictatorship. The Nazi regime suppressed opposition and persecuted minorities while promoting propaganda to maintain support.
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The document discusses democratization processes in post-World War 2 Germany. It explains that Germany's first attempt at democracy with the Weimar Republic was unsuccessful due to defeat in WWI and lack of faith in democracy from the population. Democratization after WWII was more successful due to international support and the German people's willingness to adopt democracy. The US aided Germany's economic recovery through the Marshall Plan, helping ward off communism. Germans felt responsible for the war, unlike after WWI, and were open to changing political systems.
The weimar republic
The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1 and faced significant challenges, including economic devastation from war reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The early years of the Weimar Republic saw political instability from communist and nationalist groups as well as hyperinflation resulting from France occupying the Ruhr Valley. Under the leadership of Stresemann in the later years, Germany's economy and international standing improved through agreements like the Dawes Plan and Locarno Treaties, though unemployment and poverty remained problems.
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The Weimar Republic was established in Germany after World War 1 and the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918. It faced numerous challenges over its 14 year existence, including hyperinflation, extremism from both left and right wing paramilitary groups, and tensions with the Allied powers due to the Treaty of Versailles. Paul von Hindenburg served as President of Germany for much of the Weimar period but appointed Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, allowing the Nazis to establish a dictatorship and bring an end to the democratic Weimar Republic.
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The Germans deeply resented the Treaty of Versailles for several reasons:
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3. The military restrictions, which drastically reduced the army, navy, and banned the air force and submarines, felt like humiliation to Germans and left them defenseless.
They saw the treaty as an unfair "diktat" imposed on them without any ability to
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The documents present German reactions to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Political cartoons from the time depict Germany as condemned to death by the treaty's terms imposed by Wilson, Clemenceau, and Lloyd George. Another cartoon shows Clemenceau as a vampire sucking the blood from Germany. Notes provide context that the reparations imposed on Germany were reduced over time but initially contributed to the destruction of Germany's economy and political stability, enabling Hitler's rise to power. An alternative interpretation is that the actual reparations amount was not very large and Germany was left strong surrounded by smaller states.
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The document provides background information on the rise of Nazism in Germany. It describes how Germany was defeated in World War I and faced harsh conditions in the Treaty of Versailles. This created economic and political instability under the Weimar Republic. When the Great Depression hit, the Nazi party gained support by promising to restore Germany's power and dignity. Hitler took over the Nazi party in 1919 and rose to power as Chancellor in 1933, establishing a dictatorship after the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act.
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The document provides an overview of the establishment and rise of the Nazi party in Germany after World War 1. It discusses how the Nazi party was formed in 1919 with Hitler as its leader, and its 25 point program which included German nationalism, anti-semitism, and expansionism. It also covers Hitler's failed Munich Putsch in 1923, his writing of Mein Kampf in prison, and the Nazis shifting to propaganda and mass rallies. The document then explains how the Great Depression helped the Nazis rise to become the second largest party by 1930, which allowed Hitler to become Chancellor in 1933 through political maneuvering. Finally, it discusses how Hitler consolidated power that year through the Reichstag fire and Enabling Act, establishing his dictatorship
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Lesson 3 The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the.docx
Lesson 3: The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the Nazi Party
Lesson Essay
When you can accomplish the learning objectives for this lesson, you should begin work on the lesson essay described below. You may use any assigned readings, your notes, and other course-related materials to complete this assignment. Be sure to reread theessay grading criteria on the Grades and Assessments page.
This essay should be about 750 words long, typed double space with one-inch margins on each side. It is worth 100 points and should address the following:
What does General Ludendorff's notion of a "stab-in-the-back" refer to? Discuss the political implications of this theory for the newly founded Weimar Republic in 1919. You should take into account both the relationship between civil government and the military command and the public's perception of the republic and the lost war.
Learning Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:
· Define crucial terms and events such as the stab-in-the-back legend, Kapp-Putsch, NSDAP, SA, SS, Night of the Long Knives, andErmächtigungsgesetz.
· Provide a brief summary of the Treaty of Versailles.
· Summarize the various reasons the Weimar Republic was an emergency solution disliked by large segments of the German population.
· Broadly discuss the genesis of the NSDAP and its development until 1933.
· Enumerate the major political goals of Hitler and the NSDAP.
· Provide an account of how Hitler established a totalitarian regime within the first six months of his being voted chancellor.
CommentaryThe First World War
We have already briefly touched upon the multiple factors that led to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. Chief among them was the widespread imperialist ambitions of the major European nations at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries. Since Germany developed its industrial power relatively late, it felt left behind in comparison with the other powers, notably France and Britain, which had already built huge imperialist empires in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. Demanding its own "place under the sun," as the German Emperor Wilhelm II put it, Germany rapidly increased its military and economic presence in other parts of the world and established colonies in southwest Africa, China, and the Pacific islands, among others. Compared with the strong sense of competition among European powers around 1914, the assassination of Grand Duke Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Serbia, generally considered the "actual" cause of the war, was merely the final straw that unleashed the storm that had been building for decades.
The war itself was enthusiastically embraced by most peoples in Europe, with only a few critical voices in the beginning. This changed later on, particularly after it had become clear in 1916 that the war could not be won as easily as each nation had hoped. The central powers (comprising Germany ...
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The document summarizes the political and economic events leading up to World War II. It describes how the harsh Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany after WWI led Germans to feel unfairly punished. Economic turmoil in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s due to the Great Depression created an environment for Hitler and the Nazis to rise to power. Hitler rejected the treaty and began aggressively rebuilding Germany's military in violation of its terms. He also imposed racist policies that discriminated against and persecuted Jews. By 1939 Germany had invaded Austria and Czechoslovakia, and Hitler formed a secret pact with the Soviet Union to divide Poland between them, marking the start of WWII.
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Lesson 3 The Decline of the Weimar Republic and the Rise of the.docx
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Weimar republic
- 1. Weimar Republic Allies offered peace to Germany, but Germany had to become democratic. Kaiser refused, but there was a sailors’ revolt, so on Nov 9th 1918 he abdicated. Friedrich Ebert became the new leader. There was to be a new constitution and new laws and right for the people.
- 2. 1st act was to sign the Versailles Treaty Named for the city in which the constitution was developed
- 3. Problems The threat from the left The Treaty of Versailles The threat from the right Economic problems
- 4. Threat from the left Spartacists (communist party) under Liebknecht and Luxemburg They followed Russian model They incited the Communist revolution A second revolution in Bavaria.
- 5. Ebert worked together with the Freikorps to crush the revolts. This caused tension between Ebert and his party (SPD) Most Germans were agreed however, they feared a bloody civil war, like in Russia.
- 6. Freikorps
- 7. Treaty of Versailles Many Germans felt they had been btrayed (“stabbed in the back”) by Ebert and his government. This divided the politicians and caused political unrest Until Hitler rose to power in 1933, the Treaty was still a much hated topic.
- 8. The threat from the right Strong nationalism, many people who supported the kaiser were still in place. 1920: Kapp-putsch. 5000 Freikorps soldiers into Berlin. Situation saved by a general strike. Kapp was prosecuted, but the rest of the leaders not.
- 9. Kapp putsch
- 10. Many political murders 1923: Munich putsch (Beer Hall Putsch). Hitler tried to take over Bavaria. Weimar troops responded. Hitler was held responsible and put on trial. He received a very light sentence.
- 11. Leaders of the Beer Hall Putsch
- 12. Economic problems Reparations: 6600 million pounds, annually. In 1922 Germany didn’t pay.
- 13. Occupation of the Rhineland 1923, Germany fails to pay reparations to France and Belgium too. France and Belgium occupy the Rhineland to force payments Germans launch a general strike of non- cooperation with the occupiers Govt. pays strikers to strike
- 14. Hyperinflation Payments to strikers forces Weimar government to print money to fund it. Far too much is printed compared to what it is worth. In 1914 there were four marks to every dollar. In 1924 there were 4,000,000,000,000,00 marks per dollar.
- 15. Stresemann Miracle Gustav Stresemann served as the prime minister and stabilized the mark by following the advice of Hjalmar Schacht Germany stabilizes and begins to grow again without inflation Finally, Stresemann settles the western border with France with the Locarno Treaty.
- 17. THE FACTS Stresemann was Chancellor in 1923 only. His main role was as Foreign Minister from 1924 He was a right-winger and more able than Ebert He built up Germany’s prosperity again although all of Europe was recovering He signed Germany up to the Dawes Plan in 1924
- 18. Treaty of Locarno Perhaps the high point of the Weimar Republic Germany agrees to respect its western border with France and Belgium. This allows Germany to enter the League of Nations and removes Germany from diplomatic isolation
- 19. Golden Era 1924-1929 Economy grows quite well Culture become famous for its plays, art, etc., though decadent. “Americanization” as some parts of culture look to America for guidance. Movie industry become world famous, esp., the “Mountain films” like a US Western.
- 20. Crisis years 1930-1933 Great Depression hits as unemployment goes to record levels. Governments fall as no one can solve the problem of the Depression Private armies of political parties battle in the streets as public loses faith in the Republic to solve problems.