This document provides an overview of postmodernism in art, focusing on the rise of the "artist as celebrity" phenomenon among Young British Artists (yBAs) in the 1990s. It explores how yBa artists like Damien Hirst and Tracey Emin embraced consumerism and commercialism by using self-branding strategies. Their use of personas and courting of mass media attention made them art world stars. However, critics argue this prioritized artists' celebrity over the artistic merit of their work. The document also examines debates around whether their art was merely aiming for popularity over theoretical substance.
Basic information on abstract art. What is abstract art? What are you looking at when you see abstract art? is abstract art a type of art at all? abstract art Examples. Abstract art project/ presentation. famous abstract artworks.
What Modern Art can teach us about CreativityPodium Wisdom
How can masters like Picasso, Monet, Warhol and Pollock inspire you to be more creative? Come in and find out!
If you enjoyed this, connect with me at https://twitter.com/podiumwisdom. I excavate the web for goodies on persuasion, art, presentation, design and more!
Got Style? 4 Different Types of Art Styles to Trysionabart
While each artist has their own unique style, many find that they align with one of the many types of art styles out there. In this post, we’re going to go over 4 different types of art styles that many artists align with.
Basic information on abstract art. What is abstract art? What are you looking at when you see abstract art? is abstract art a type of art at all? abstract art Examples. Abstract art project/ presentation. famous abstract artworks.
What Modern Art can teach us about CreativityPodium Wisdom
How can masters like Picasso, Monet, Warhol and Pollock inspire you to be more creative? Come in and find out!
If you enjoyed this, connect with me at https://twitter.com/podiumwisdom. I excavate the web for goodies on persuasion, art, presentation, design and more!
Got Style? 4 Different Types of Art Styles to Trysionabart
While each artist has their own unique style, many find that they align with one of the many types of art styles out there. In this post, we’re going to go over 4 different types of art styles that many artists align with.
What's New in the Surreal World - Surrealism isn’t dead - Its dreaming. By Te...bienvenidobonesbanez1
What's New in the Surreal World - Surrealism isn’t dead - Its dreaming. By Terrance Lindall
H.R. Giger, “Birth MachineBaby,” 1998, bronze.Yuko Nii, “Sand Harbors of theAncient Planet,” 1996, oil on linen.Kelly Newcomer, “Hello I Love YouRobot” (left), 2003, acrylic on ceramicwith LEDs. include all derivatives of surrealismunder the category “Pansurrealism” todescribe an all-inclusive artistic stylederived from ideas in Breton’s 1924 Man-ifesto of Surrealism. There are three rea-sons to use this term. First, all of theseart types being debated evolve out of orare inspired by dream states and the sub-conscious (as put forth by Breton) or anautonomous “re-aspecting” of reality.Second, class theory in philosophy com-pels the naming of the class to whichthese art types belong. And third,by using one term rather than anexpression, it is most accurate tocall the class to which thesecommon art types belong“Pansurrealism.” While onecould just call them all “surre-alists,” the purists cannot seemto allow it and the debatewould continue ad infinitum. In his Manifesto, Bretondefines surrealism as “pure 164ART & ANTIQUESOver the past fewyears I have noted themajor shows on surrealismlaunched at the Guggenheim, the Metro-politan Museum of Art and the NationalAcademy of Design in New York, as wellasthe Philadelphia Museum and thePompidou Centre in Paris. They docu-ment the subject very well—on theassumption that surrealism died in the1960s or that only a vestigial group ofsurrealists still practice, such as Leonora Carrington in Mexico. However, nothingcan be further from the case. In fact, oneESSAYof the largest and mostdynamic art movementsworldwide today is surreal/visionary. What do Surrealism,Surreal/Conceptual, Vision-ary, Fantastic, Symbolism,Magic Realism, the ViennaSchool, Neuve Invention, Outsider, theMacabre, Grotesque, Singulier Art, Char-acterism and Massurrealism have in com-mon? Though each has fine differences,they all evolve from an artistic styleinherent to the thinking of André Breton,the leader of the surrealist movement. In recent years there has been a dis-pute internationally among my col-leagues regarding the artists who cantruly be considered surrealists, but tomake things simple I decided toSome of the top new surrealists; onecan collect the best works by theseartists for $2,000 to $100,000:uUnited States:Roberto Venosa, Yuko Nii, Antanas Adomaitis, Kris Kuksi, Chris Mars, Christina Dallas, Dana Parlier, Tim Slowinski,Madeline von Foerster, TheoKamecke, Bethany Jean Fancher,Alex Grey, Richard Huck and Cynthia von Buhler. What’sNew in theSurrealWorldSurrealism isn’tdead—it’s dreaming.By Terrance Lindall / uEurope:Von Strop, De Es Schwertberger, H.R. Giger, Daniel Hanequand, Hawk Alfredson and Wolfgang Grasse. uRussia:Dmitry Yakovin, Sofia Baturina and Dmitry Pahomov. uColombia:Mariu Suarez. uPhilippines:Bienvenido “Bones” Banez. uAustralia:Damian Michael's. Top Contemporary Surrealists
The power of the image: Contemporary art, gender, and the politics of perceptionDeborahJ
The relation between visual representations and the identity of the human subject.
The ideas and research that have informed this lecture are grounded in the areas of queer theory, gender studies, critical race theory, and feminist studies.
The global image. from consumer culture to the digital revolution DeborahJ
The Global Image: From Consumer Culture to the Digital Revolution is focused on the way we engage with images in the post-Internet era, when they can be shared, reproduced, altered, and distributed more easily than ever before in human history.
Beyond the visual: The Body in Contemporary ArtDeborahJ
When we think of the Body in Contemporary Art we could consider a number of different and relevant aspects. For instance, the body - the human form - is central in art, traditionally the body was often used to explore allegory, beauty and sexuality and so on. But in the twentieth century there was a significant shift in both how the body was perceived, and how it was used to create art across a range of media, from painting and sculpture to installation, photography, video art, performance and participatory art. By considering the different roles played by the body in art, we can identify that there has been a shift from being the subject, for example, in a portraiture, to becoming an active presence in live and participatory events. Alongside this there has also been a significant transformation of the role of the audience, broadly speaking, from passive viewer to active participant.
This presentation crutinises how art practitioners are navigating the artworld, which in our contemporary, late capitalist society is arguably, increasingly regulated by free market conditions, managed in the artworld by the same bureaucrats, curators, dealers and gallery owners, roles that have encroached on the career of artists themselves.
Debates around the idea that the interrelation or the interaction between artwork and viewers has been modified with the practice of Relational Aesthetics.
How Art Works: Week 5 The Rise of the ismsDeborahJ
This lecture will:
Examine how artists sought to find a language that would adequately express the changes and disruptions associated with modern life
Attempt to capture the dialectical relationship between each movement and its predecessors
Make connections between historical events and art genres
Encouraged you to think of styles as useful tools for exploration and analysis, rather than as hard and fast academic definitions, and to relate to the art itself rather than to a merely conceptual idea
Is a picture worth 1,000 words? Textual AnalysisDeborahJ
This lecture will introduce semiotics or the semiology of art, a mechanism for deriving meaning that is considered to a more inclusive development of Panofsky’s Iconography
How Art Works: Week 1 The ‘unruly discipline’ DeborahJ
This lecture will:
introduce ways to think about art and its history and help you to understand how art historians go about their practice
look at some of the issues and debates that make up the disciple of Art History
offer some reconsiderations of art history
consider the importance of the gallery and museum
Aims of todays lecture:
To analyse the conditions in which contemporary art is produced
To (re) evaluate your function as an artist within a broad context
Address making a living in the current climate of instability and enforced austerity
Consider issues of free labour, particularly internships, in the cultural sector
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
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Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
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Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
2. Trading originality for celebrity?
Hirst, the richest contemporary artist in the world, valued at £235
million in 2011
3. Objectives:
To explore
• Andy Warhol's legacy through
yBa artists who embody the
notion of artist as celebrity and
commercial brand
•the artist's use of persona to
build up a myth, artists
increasingly embracing
consumerism and commerce and
their use of mass media long
frowned upon by the world of fine
art
4. “Being good in business is the most
fascinating kind of art. Making money is art
and working is art and good business is the
best art.”
Andy Warhol
5. Material World
Tracey Emin
Money Photo
Spider Legs
(2001)
7. The Shop that Emin
opened on Bethnal Green
Road in 1993 with fellow
artist Sarah Lucas, selling
objects made from beer
cans and cigarette packets
and T-shirts saying
‘Complete Arsehole’ on
the front.
This experiment in
commerce lasted just six
months
10. “Jonnie ShandKyddd, a relative of Princess
Diana, has produced a book of
photographs of artists idling on the scene,
drinking and falling about…The very fact
that this book of banal and poorly taken
photographs was published, and by a
major publisher at that, is a register of the
extent to which the artists themselves
have become a focus for curiosity as
personalities, as stars.”
Julian Stallabrass, High Art Lite
12. Stallabrass states that there is
certainly no common
programme to this art: there
are no manifestos, no group
statements, and no shared
style. Yet there are
distinguishing characteristics
that he identifies as:
• An overtly contemporary
flavour to the art, despite it’s
‘Britishness’ is not provincial
and thus appeals to an
international market
• The artists have a new and
distinctive relation to the mass
media and frequently use
materials drawn from mass
culture
•They present conceptual
work in a visually accessible
and spectacular form
13. “...a great piece of art can
transcend various ephemeral,
cultural situations. To give you a
clearer idea... I’m not at all
interested in issue-based art ...
I’m interested in art which has a
certain degree of universality and
is able to transcend certain
cultural and generational
differences.”
Jay Jopling
15. “Celebrity is about control and distance; it
is about adding space to the space that
inevitably exists between human beings
and remaining apart from the flock. It is
about degrees of separation and personal
insulation and choosing, as Jeff Koons
apparently did, to place the flesh cell of
your person inside a second, more
unbreachable container tank.”
Gordon Burn. (31 August 1996). Hirst world.
Guardian (Weekend), pp. 10-14
16.
17. “Art’s about life and the art
world’s about money, and
money and celebrity are just
tiny aspects of life. So if you
keep your perspective on that,
it’s fine. I think art should be
able to deal with celebrity. I
don’t think you should ever let
celebrity become more
important than art but I think
it’s a part of it. I think a desire
to be famous is a desire to live
forever which is very
fundamental to art.”
Steve Beard. (1-7 September 1977).
Nobody’s fool *interview with Damien
Hirst]. Big Issue, pp. 12-4.
18. Damien Hirst
In and Out of Love (1991)
This work was symptomatic of various recent developments on the
British art scene. Non-art objects, or beings, brought into contact with
traditional fine-art materials and modes of display.
19. Stallabrass has argued that
Hirst’s work now functions
like a logo for the artist’s
personality and that he is
able to market his work
successfully because of his
celebrity status.
20. Gavin Turk
Relic (Cave)
The original blue plaque from
'Cave' installation encased in a
Beuysianvitrine.
In the summer of 1991 for his
graduation show from the Royal
College of Art, the artist exhibited
a blue Heritage plaque in an
otherwise empty studio which
commemorated his own presence
as a sculptor.
The title Cave refers to an allegorical picture of Plato,
which describes a model of perception. A group of
prisoners have been chained in a cave since childhood
with no experience of reality other than the flickering
shadows cast by the people and things moving along a
path in front of a fire situated behind them. In the
plaque, the artist was represented by a retrospective
view of his life.
21. "I wasn't interested in
being a celebrity, to the
point where my work was
trying to criticise celebrity
which stops you being
able to see the real value
of things. Art is about the
public. Sometimes art
loses value as it obtains
such ridiculous
[monetary] values. It
becomes elite.”
Gavin Turk
Gavin Turk
Pop (1993)
22. Turk highlights the Duchampian idea that questions the
connections between artists and the work:
“In the beginning I tried to create an
artists who had the same name as me. I
was interested in the cliché of art, the
myth of the artist, stereotyping, all art
as types of signature. And at first there
was a quite clear and comfortable
degree of separation. The artist Gavin
Turk had a studio and made art under a
certain kind of licence. Now it has
become much more problematic to
sustain a separation between myself
and the artist Gavin Turk.”
23. ‘Sensation’ exhibition at
London’s Royal Academy of Art
in 1997 was a public airing of
the private collector Charles
Saatchi, the only major collector
of contemporary art in Britain
during this period whose
dealings affected the entire art
market.
24. Marcus Harvey,
Marc Quinn, ‘Self’ (1991)
‘Myra’ (1995)
Populist, careerist? Does this mean that there was a complicit and wilful
avoidance of difficult, theoretical or ideological work?
26. Hirst’s says of celebrity status:
“You’ve got to become a celebrity before you can undermine it,
take it apart, show people that there’s no difference between
celebrities and real life. Celebrity is a fucking lie. It’s like; I’ll do a
magic trick, and I want it to be amazing. But if anyone asks me
how to do it, I’ll show them exactly how to do it. I want you to
be amazed twice. Once you’re amazed because it seems
impossible, and then, you’re amazed because it’s fucking easy.
That’s what it’s like.”
Damien Hirst quoted by Gordon Burn. (6 Sept 1997) The height of morbid manner.
Guardian (Weekend), pp14-21
27. ‘Warhol never
claimed his work
had any deep value.
He openly said all
his work was about
money. Hirst, on
the other hand, will
sign a cigarette butt
and tell you it’s art.’
Stallabrass
Editor's Notes
When Art and business collide, this is often regarded as selling out, what do you think?What makes an artist a celebrity?Whatother professions can you think of is it seen as “selling out” if you make lots of money from your job. Is itusually just known as “success”.
Objectives:To explore Andy Warhol's legacy through yBa artists who embody the notion of artist as celebrity and commercial brandthe artist's use of persona to build up a myth, artists increasingly embracing consumerism and commerce and their use of mass media long frowned upon by the world of fine art
Taking Warhol's dictate that "Being good in business is the most fascinating kind of art. Making money is art and working is art and good business is the best art" as a starting point I will examine how subsequent generations, and in particular the young British artists, embraced the idea despite the popular conviction that it is a betrayal of what fine art should be.
Some, including Hirst and Tracey Emin who were part of the Young British Artists (YBA) movement of the 1980s and 1990s, set out to make money from the very beginning. They made a play for success and for being art stars even at a very early point in their careers
‘Money is massive,’ he declaredWhat makes Damien Hirst a celebrity?
Manycontemporary artists have shown a fascination with commerce, the media and celebrity. Like Warhol, they have found that marketing and publicity provide a way of engaging with the modern world far beyond the narrow confines of the studio, gallery and museum. There has subsequently been much discussion surrounding the complex relationship between contemporary art, marketing, and the mass media.
And although Warhol is a key precursor to the YBAs and their U.S. peers, there were others before him who embraced the notion of celebrity and of building the myth around the artist, notably Spanish surrealist Salvador Dali.
The emergence of the young British artist was due to a number of factors, firstly these were artists who knew how to use the mass media to create their own brand and persona, and also their subsequent rise coincided with new Labour’s put the ‘Creative Industries’ at the heart of thefuture of Britain, and as such the yBas were packaged alongside the Britpop wave in music.They were once the future of British art. The Young British Artists – YBAs – vowed to shake up, remake and reform the stuffy world of contemporary art. But then along came Cool Britannia and the beginning of the end. Some were seduced by money, others by fame, and before long the YBAs were gone.
Julian Stallabrass in High Art Lite, a somewhat scathing appraisal of the yBa scene refelcts upon the fact that “Jonnie ShandKyddd, a relative of Princess Diana, has produced a book of photographs of artists idling on the scene, drinking and falling about…The very fact that this book of” WHAT HE CONSIDERS TO BE”banal and poorly taken photographs was published, and by a major publisher at that, is a register of the extent to which the artists themselves have become a focus for curiosity as personalities, as stars.”
SO TO RETURN TO THE ONCE ENFANT TERRIBLE OF THE BRITISH ART SCENE Damien Hirst, he was one of the art stars to emerge from the fine art course at Goldsmiths College in South London, which he attended between 1986 and 1989. Conceptual art was a pervasive influence and so as you will recall from our lecture on conceptual art, it was the artist’s ideas that counted most: any medium could be used and the task of making the art works was a secondary matter that could be delegated to assistants once finances permitted. It was due to tutors such as Richard Wentworth, Jon Thompson and Michael Craig-Martin that students came to regard themselves as professional artists and to focus on cracking the commercial gallery system. To promote himself and his friends, Hirst organised a now legendary student show called Freeze (1988)In 1988, at a time when public funding for art was not readily available (and had been reduced by the Thatcher government), a group of 16 artists, were invited by Hirst to take part in the exhibition. Most of the commercial galleries in London showed a lack of interest in Hirst's project at the time, which led to the show being held in a Docklands warehouse. The event resonated with the 'Acid House' warehouse rave scene prevalent at the time, and drew significant publicity by the connection. It also gave rise to a huge interest on the part of many artists in being curators. Suddenly it seemed Hirst had single handedly created a new career-path and possibility for unknown artists to put a cool-sounding new job-title on their resumés and CVs. Artist-run exhibition spaces and galleries sprang up in the mid 1990's in London based on this idea.
The label yBa turned out to be a powerful brand and marketing tool, but of course it concealed huge diversity. The art writerJulian Stallabrass prefers the more sarcastic and disparaging label “High Art Lite” to the acronymyBAIn his book Stallabrass critiques the lack of complexity in the work of the young British artists.Stallabrass states that there is certainly no common programme to this art: there are no manifestos, no group statements, and no shared style. Yet there are distinguishing characteristics that he identifies as: An overtly contemporary flavour to the art, despite it’s ‘Britishness’ is not provincial and thus appeals to an international market The artists have a new and distinctive relation to the mass media and frequently use materials drawn from mass cultureThey present conceptual work in a visually accessible and spectacular form
To Take Stallabrass’s point that: An overtly contemporary flavour to the art, despite it’s ‘Britishness’ is not provincial and thus appeals to an international market Validated by Jay Jopling:“...a great piece of art can transcend various ephemeral, cultural situations. To give you a clearer idea... I’m not at all interested in issue-based art ... I’m interested in art which has a certain degree of universality and is able to transcend certain cultural and generational differences.”
Stallabrass“To court a wider audience, high art lite took on an accessible veneer, building in references and forms that people without specialist knowledge would understand – and even sometimes , in its use if mass culture, incorporating material that those with specialist knowledge would generally not understand…” (p9)The opening of The Tate Modern,London in May 2000, further fueled the spread of enthusiasm for the work of the yBa artists.One particular artists involved in both the 'Freeze' and 'Sensation' exhibitions was Tracey Emin. Her later work entitled 'My Bed' caused a great deal of shock, when shortlisted for the 1999 Turner prize. Charles Saatchi later bought this piece for £150,000.In 1999 Emin was shortlisted for the prestigious Turner Prize, causing a raging controversy in the art world over her piece entitled, "My Bed." Critics were scathing in their censure of the piece, but it did have its supporter as well. "My Bed" (Figure 4) was a double bed, ostensibly Emin's actual bed in which she had lain for four days while contemplating suicide. The bed had no frame and was instead a mattress laid atop a box made of wood. The soiled sheets are ripped halfway off, exposing the striped ticking of the mattress beneath. A small bedside table rests on a blue, soiled rug next to the bed. On the table is an ashtray overflowing with cigarette butts as well as photographs, over- the- counter medications and condoms. The rug is also strewn with other artifacts from Emin's life, including her dirty, bloodied underwear, Polaroid photographs, stuffed animals, a tube of KY Jelly, empty cigarette cartons, crumpled papers, used condoms and empty vodka bottles. The final touch is a rope noose hanging above the bed, a silent testament to Emin's pain and narcissistic exhibitionism. It is not only Emin's artwork that evokes pop culture and the world of celebrity. For Tracey Emin has not been content to remain within the sphere of the art world, but has become a demi-celebrity herself.
What really made Damien Hirst famous far beyond the art world were shock-horror sculptural installations using dead animals— cows, lambs, fish and sharks—presented whole or sliced into parts, preserved in formaldehyde in large vitrines. (The animals were "presented", not "re-presented"; hence, no modelling skills were required. Hirst’s aim was to introduce reality into art directly, not to depict it.) As Hirst pointed out, humans have often killed animals in order to look at them (but was this any reason to continue the practice?). These works resembled exhibits found in natural history museums and were easy to understand and so became popular but they also attracted vandals, cartoonists, and parodic advertisements and angry protests by animal rights activists. Damien Hirst’s steel and glass vitrines had the rational structure and polished finish of minimal art but inside was dead flesh. The vitrines that protected viewers from the smells of corpses and chemicals were paradoxical because they enabled viewers to see inside but not to enter, smell or touch. Gordon Burn discerned a connection with celebrity: “Celebrity is about control and distance; it is about adding space to the space that inevitably exists between human beings and remaining apart from the flock. It is about degrees of separation and personal insulation and choosing, as Jeff Koons apparently did, to place the flesh cell of your person inside a second, more unbreachable container tank.”
Saatchi was Hirst’s main patron and ensured that his favourite received plenty of press coverage. Hirst also had a flair for self-promotion and marketing. Like his patron, he was an entrepreneur who curated mixed exhibitions with absurd titles and undertook a variety of business ventures.
When giving interviews Damien Hirst tends to make contradictory statements and admits his opinions may be different the next day so any quotes must be read with caution. About art, fame and celebrity, Hirst has remarked:“Art’s about life and the art world’s about money, and money and celebrity are just tiny aspects of life. So if you keep your perspective on that, it’s fine. I think art should be able to deal with celebrity. I don’t think you should ever let celebrity become more important than art but I think it’s a part of it. I think a desire to be famous is a desire to live forever which is very fundamental to art.”
In and Out of Love (1991) In this work canvases were hung with chrysalises in a closed room; the butterflies, hatched, fed off sugared water, flew, bred and died – some inadvertedly by art lovers. In a separate room, their bodies were painted into the bright colours of other canvases. The work was symptomatic of various recent developments on the British art scene. Non-art objects, or beings, brought into contact with traditional fine-art materials and modes of display, such as the gallery and private views.
like Andy Warhol, Damien Hirst was willing to endorse products, such as Absolut Vodka, and to make advertisements for billboards and television, to direct pop music videos (Country House for Blur) and to design record cover albumsStallabrass has argued that Hirst’s work now functions like a logo for the artist’s personality and that he is able to market his work successfully because of his celebrity status.Hirst: work and identity are not strictly seperable, he is the pioneer of this approach and its most prominent exponent.(This is different from the celebrity artists enjoyed by British artists in the past, there have of course been previous isolated examples in Britain and the USA) Hirst: unusually for a contemporary artist receives a great deal of mass media attention and not for the usual reason that contemporary art gathered column inches in the past, that public money has been wasted on it. He is as much known for his lifestyle as for his art and he takes care to ensure they are thoroughly entangled.
In the summer of 1991 for his graduation show from the Royal College of Art, the artist exhibited a blue Heritage plaque in an otherwise empty studio which commemorated his own presence as a sculptor. The title Cave refers to an allegorical picture of Plato, which describes a model of perception. A group of prisoners have been chained in a cave since childhood with no experience of reality other than the flickering shadows cast by the people and things moving along a path in front of a fire situated behind them. In the plaque, the artist was represented by a retrospective view of his life.
A waxwork portrait of Gavin Turk as Sid Vicious singing Sinatra’s My Way in The Rock n’Roll Swindle, in the pose of Elvis playing the part of a cowboy in a movie as a silk screen by Andy Warhol…"I wasn't interested in being a celebrity, to the point where my work was trying to criticise celebrity which stops you being able to see the real value of things. Art is about the public. Sometimes art loses value as it obtains such ridiculous [monetary] values. It becomes elite."
Turk highlights the Duchampian idea that questions the connections between artists and the work:“In the beginning I tried to create an artists who had the same name as me. I was interested in the cliché of art, the myth of the artist, stereotyping, all art as types of signature. And at first there was a quite clear and comfortable degree of separation. The artist Gavin Turk had a studio and made art under a certain kind of licence. Now it has become much more problematic to sustain a separation between myself and the artist Gavin Turk.”
‘Sensation’ exhibition at London’s Royal Academy of Art in 1997 was a public airing of the private collector Charles Saatchi, the only major collector of contemporary art in Britain during this period whose dealings affected the entire art market.
Populist, careerist? Does this mean that there was a complicit and wilful avoidance of difficult, theoretical or ideological work?Self promotionThe yBas are credited with the revival of the knowing ‘shock’ tactic.MARCUS HARVEY and his painting of Myra Hindley, a serial killer whose victims were young children. “Myra” is made from the hand prints of a child whose age matched those of Hindley's victims. The juxtaposition of opposites- of life and death, innocence and corruption- creates unbearable poignancy. This work provoked such outrage when it was shown in “ Sensation” in 1997 that it was splattered with eggs and ink. Harvey is not glorifying the monster but asking how a set of features becomes an icon of evil.MARC QUINNGained instant notoriety with a self-portrait: “Self” (1991) . It consists of nine pints of blood (that is the amount contained in a human body) taken from his veins over a period of five months, poured into a cast of his features and frozen solid. Instead of conferring immortality like a portrait n stone or marble would, “Self” is fundamentally unstable. “Dependent on a life-support system it emphasizes the fragility and transience of life. Unplug the refrigerator unit and the sculpture would disappear.yBa, a media confection, elaborately crafted? Did it lack coherence other than the drive to ride the wave of attention? It seems to have its roots in art education and in responses to the recession, which from the 1990s put the art market into prolonged hibernation.A product of 90s recession; commercial galleries scaled down, relocated or closed; career and financial expectations of artists changed; empty premises, warehouses.
Sam Taylor-Wood, whose photographic self-portrait posing with her trousers down and the words ‘Suck, Fuck, Spank, Wank’, came to sum up the boisterous hedonism of the YBAs
Hirst’s says of celebrity status: “You’ve got to become a celebrity before you can undermine it, take it apart, show people that there’s no difference between celebrities and real life. Celebrity is a fucking lie. It’s like; I’ll do a magic trick, and I want it to be amazing. But if anyone asks me how to do it, I’ll show them exactly how to do it. I want you to be amazed twice. Once you’re amazed because it seems impossible, and then, you’re amazed because it’s fucking easy. That’s what it’s like.”Damien Hirst quoted by Gordon Burn. (6 Sept 1997) The height of morbid manner. Guardian (Weekend), pp14-21
Artists have always been obsessed with money, from Leonardo da Vinci’s patronage by the Medici, to Salvador Dali being dubbed ‘Avida Dollars’ by a bitter André Breton in 1939. Andy Warhol said that ‘Good business is the best art’; his spiritual love child is the banker turned artist Jeff Koons, famous for the curio-kitsch he peddles to the super-rich, and a big hero to both Hirst and Emin. But Stallabrass points out that Hirst differs from Warhol in one major respect: ‘Warhol never claimed his work had any deep value. He openly said all his work was about money. Hirst, on the other hand, will sign a cigarette butt and tell you it’s art.’In 2008, hours before the world’s financial crash, he sold an entire show at Sotheby’s for £111 million